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Biomedical subjects

A Hall

Publications and source records attributed to A Hall.

At least 415 records · Page 23Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Low-dose, high-frame-rate versus regular-dose, low-frame-rate digital subtraction angiography.

Using intravenous digital subtraction angiography for carotid, cerebral, and renal arteries, a comparison was made between a single pulsed image and an integrated image composed of several pulsed images. The single image was generated with a conventional detected dose per frame while the frames composing the integrated image were generated at a lower dose per frame but at a higher frame rate. Comparisons were made for an equivalent detected dose per image. For relatively stationary arteries, the integrated images were equivalent or superior to the single images. When patient motion was present, or if pulsatile vessel motion was significant, the single image was better than the integrated image. A low-dose, high-frame-rate technique has the potential for furnishing physiologic data in addition to high-quality morphologic information.

Angiography↗
PubMed1982

A transforming gene present in human sarcoma cell lines.

Morphological transformation of NIH/3T3 cells by transfection with DNA has been used to identify transforming sequences in human tumours. Transforming activity has been reported for DNAs isolated from bladder, mammary, colon and lung carcinomas, neuroblastoma, lymphoid and myeloid tumours. Each of these tissues seems to contain different transforming sequences except for the colon and lung tumours where the same sequence seems to be involved. We now report that in two different human sarcoma cell lines, a fibrosarcoma and an embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma, the DNAs have transforming activity. The transforming gene is the same in both sarcomas but differs from the activated sequences detected in other tumours. We have also found that the transforming gene has no detectable homology to eight retrovirus oncogenes tested.

Cell Line↗
PubMed1982

Intestinal parasitic infections of men in four regions of rural Kenya.

Faecal samples were obtained from 906 men living in four different regions of rural Kenya: the cool Highlands, the humid coastal lowlands, the equatorial Lake Victoria basin and the arid marginal highlands. The prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections is reported and compared, contrasted and discussed in terms of the typical environmental conditions in each region. Almost 70% of men appeared to be infected with intestinal helminths; hookworm was most common. The regional prevalence of hookworm infections appeared to be related to relative humidity.

Environment↗
PubMed1982

A comparative study of the nutritional status, parasitic infections and health of male roadworkers in four areas of Kenya.

The nutritional status, parasitic infections and general health of 801 male roadworkers living in four different areas of Kenya, namely, the highlands, coastal lowlands, Lake Victoria basin and the semiarid north-west, were investigated. Undernutrition was common in all areas but was most marked among men in the semi-arid area. Anaemia was most prevalent in the coastal lowlands where 41% of men had a haemoglobin level less than 13.0 g/dl. Hookworm eggs were seen in the faeces of 40% of all men and in 69% of samples collected in the coastal lowlands. The Lake Victoria basin was a significant focus of infection with Schistosoma mansoni, 51% of faecal samples containing its eggs; S. haematobium also occurred but was most common in the coastal lowlands. Stages of Plasmodium spp. were most commonly observed in blood smears collected from men near Lake Victoria and the coast, two significant foci of malaria. An analysis of variance was used to examine the relationship between variables and indicated that the most significant association was between hookworm infections and low haemoglobin levels.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Community-acquired bacteremic urosepsis in the elderly patients: a prospective study of 34 consecutive episodes.

A prospective study was done on the clinical, laboratory, radiological, immunological and therapeutic features of acute, symptomatic, bacteremic urosepsis in 34 consecutive, elderly patients who required hospitalization. Urinary tract infection was identified as the most common cause of gram-negative bacteremia in elderly patients admitted to a community hospital. Appropriate antibiotic therapy and a lack of serious associated medical illnesses contributed to the high survival rate. Bacteremia and shock occurring in the wake of pyelonephritis develop more commonly in elderly than in young women. In the elderly patient with bacteremia and pyelonephritis radiographic evaluation invariably demonstrates obstruction to urine flow, calculous disease or abscess. Guidelines are provided for the therapy of acute, symptomatic bacteremic urosepsis.

Aged↗
PubMed1982

Worker productivity and the nutritional status of Kenyan road construction laborers.

The effects of energy supplementation (group I received 200 kcal/day and group II received 1000/kcal day) were examined on road workers in Kenya. Anthropometric, dietary, worker productivity, clinical hematology, and parasitology data were collected from 224 workers of both sexes or, subsamples of these workers at base-line, midpoint, and final measurement periods. Sixty-seven percent of the work force was less than 85% of weight for height. Females tended to be better nourished than males. Multiple regression analysis showed that increases in arm circumference and Hb levels were associated with significant productivity gains of about 4%. At the midpoint, group II males gained 1.10 kg (p less than 0.0003) while group I males showed no change. Weight loss during the latter part of the study resulted in no significant final weight change for males. "Successful" supplementation was weakly associated with a productivity increase for group II workers of 12.5% (p less than 0.10).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Acute pyelonephritis in the elderly.

We did a prospective study of the clinical, laboratory, radiologic, and therapeutic features of acute, symptomatic, bacterial pyelonephritis in 35 consecutive elderly, noncatheterized patients who required hospitalization. Pyelonephritis had been identified as the most common cause of gram-negative bacteremia in elderly patients admitted to a community hospital. Appropriate antibiotic therapy and, of equal importance, a lack of serious associated medical illnesses contributed to the 97% survival. Two features appear to distinguish acute, symptomatic, bacterial pyelonephritis in elderly women from that in young women: an increased incidence of bacteremia and septic shock. We provide guidelines for the diagnostic evaluation and antibiotic therapy of acute, symptomatic, community-acquired, bacterial pyelonephritis in the elderly.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1982

Symptomatic pyelonephritis in elderly men.

A prospective study was carried out of the clinical, laboratory, radiologic and therapeutic features of acute, symptomatic, bacterial pyelonephritis as experienced by 12 consecutive elderly, noncatheterized men who required hospitalization. In spite of the advanced ages of the men and the inordinate frequency of bacteremia and septic shock, no patient died. "Appropriate" antibiotic therapy, supportive treatment, and, as importantly, a lack of associated "imminently" or "ultimately" fatal illnesses contributed to the 100 per cent survival rate. Guidelines are provided for the diagnostic evaluation and antibiotic therapy of community-acquired pyelonephritis in elderly men.

Aged↗
PubMed1981

Anorexia nervosa.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Quantitative variability of nematode egg counts in faeces: a study among rural Kenyans.

As part of an investigation of intestinal parasitic infections of rural Kenyan people, a study was undertaken to examine variations in faecal egg counts and to assess the sensitivity of the ether sedimentation technique of faecal processing in the diagnosis of helminth infections. Three faecal samples a day were collected for five consecutive days from 10 men known to harbour a total of 23 nematode infections of Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura and hookworm. Considerable variation in egg counts was encountered among faecal samples collected from the same stool, as well as over the five day period. Some possible causes of this variation are discussed, especially in relation to a high fibre diet. The technique was found to be about 95% effective in detecting an infection.

Feces↗