Biomedical subjects

A H Shah

Publications and source records attributed to A H Shah.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

PubMed1996

Effect of camel urine on the cytological and biochemical changes induced by cyclophosphamide in mice.

Camel urine treatment was found to cause a significant cytotoxic effect in the bone marrow cells of mice. This cytotoxicity at higher doses was comparable with that of standard drug cyclophosphamide (CP). However, unlike CP, the camel urine treatment failed to induce any clastogenicity. The cytotoxicity induced by camel urine treatment was substantiated by the reduction of liver nucleic acids and glutathione levels and increased malondialdehyde (MDA) contents in the same animals. CP treatment was found to be highly clastogenic, cytotoxic and it reduced the levels of nucleic acids, proteins, glutathione and increased malondialdehyde concentration due to its prooxidant nature. The non-clastogenic nature of camel urine was attributed to the antioxidant and antimutagenic compounds present in camel urine. Pretreatment with camel urine increased the cytotoxicity of CP and intensified the CP induced reduction of liver nucleic acids, glutathione and increased the MDA concentration. The increase of CP induced cytotoxicity appears to be partly due to the additive effect of the two treatments on cellular lipid peroxidation.

Animals↗

PubMed1995

Influence of anethole treatment on the tumour induced by Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells in paw of Swiss albino mice.

The anticarcinogenic potential of anethole was studied in Ehrlich ascites tumour (EAT) in the paw of Swiss albino mice. The antitumour activity was evaluated from the cytotoxicity of EAT-cells in the paw and their biochemical changes were determined from nucleic acids, protein, malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (NP-SH) concentrations. Furthermore, the observations on survival rate, tumour weight, its volume and body weight of EAT-bearing mice were made. The EAT-bearing paws were also evaluated for histopathological changes. Additional studies were undertaken on the cytological effects of anethole in order to establish its clastogenic and mitodepressive activity in normal mice. The results obtained in the present study revealed anethole to increase the survival time, reduce the tumour weight and volume and body weight of the EAT-bearing mice. It caused a significant cytotoxic effect in EAT cells in the paw, reduced the levels of nucleic acids and MDA, and increased NP-SH concentrations. The histopathological changes observed after treatment with anethole were comparable to the standard cytotoxic drug cyclophosphamide. The results on the frequency of micronuclei and the ratio of polychromatic erythrocytes to normochromatic erythrocytes showed anethole to be mitodepressive and non-clastogenic in the femoral cells of mice. Our results indicate the anticarcinogenic, cytotoxic and non=clastogenic nature of anethole. Further studies are warranted to explore the mode of action and safety of anethole for its possible use in cancer therapy.

Administration, Oral↗

PubMed1994

Evaluation of Caralluma tuberculata pretreatment for the protection of rat gastric mucosa against toxic damage.

The ethanolic extract of Caralluma tuberculata N. E. Brown has been screened for its potential to protect gastric mucosa against the injuries caused by 80% ethanol, 0.2 M NaOH, hypertonic saline, and indomethacin. C. tuberculata at doses of 250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg body wt given 30 min before the necrotizing agents provided dose-dependent protection against the damage caused by all tested agents. The effects caused by ethanol were further investigated. Treatment of rats with 1 ml of 80% ethanol (gavage) was found to cause depletion of stomach-wall mucus, to lower the concentrations of proteins, nucleic acids, and nonprotein sulfhydryl groups in the stomach wall, and to cause histopathological lesions, including necrosis, erosions, congestion, and hemorrhage, of the stomach wall. C. tuberculata treatment caused a dose-dependent protection against all these effects. In the same manner it affected malondialdehyde concentrations altered by ethanol treatment. C. tuberculata also offered protection against mucosal damage caused by indomethacin. The protective effects of C. tuberculata in addition to its effects on mucus production and nonprotein sulfhydryl concentration may be mediated through its free radical scavenging and prostaglandin inducing properties.

Administration, Oral↗

PubMed1994

Effect of Commiphora molmol (oleo-gum-resin) on the cytological and biochemical changes induced by cyclophosphamide in mice.

The anticlastogenic and biochemical potentials of Commiphora molmol were studied in Swiss albino mice treated with cyclophosphamide (CP). The C.molmol treatment (125-500 mg/kg) showed no mutagenicity. It caused a highly significant and dose-dependent mitodepressant effect in the femoral cells and reduction of RNA levels in hepatic cells as compared with the control. CP treatment showed significant increase in the frequency of micronuclei, cytotoxicity and reduction in the contents of nucleic acids and proteins. Pretreatment with C. molmol could neither alter the biochemical and cytological effects of CP nor show any additive effect of both treatments.

Animals↗

PubMed1994

Studies on the antiinflammatory, antipyretic and analgesic activities of santonin.

Santonin, a sesquiterpene lactone, commonly found in the plants of the family Compositae was found to show significant antiinflammatory activity on acute inflammatory processes. The activity profile of santonin closely resembled that of a standard non-steroidal antiinflammatory drug, diclofenac sodium. It also showed a significant inhibitory effect on granuloma formation; however, this effect of santonin was less pronounced as compared to diclofenac sodium. Santonin caused a significant antipyretic effect in mice, which was found to be independent of the route of administration of the drug. It also increased the hot plate reaction time of treated mice, similar to morphine.

Analgesics↗

PubMed1993

Evaluation of the genotoxic, cytotoxic, and antitumor properties of Commiphora molmol using normal and Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cell-bearing Swiss albino mice.

The genotoxic, cytotoxic and antitumor properties of Commiphora molmol (oleo gum resin) were studied in normal and Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cell-bearing mice. In normal mice, the genotoxic and cytotoxic activity was evaluated on the bases of the frequency of micronuclei and the ratio of polychromatic to normochromatic cells in bone marrow, which was substantiated by the biochemical changes in hepatic cells. The antitumor activity of C. molmol was evaluated from the total count and viability of Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells and their nucleic acid, protein, malondialdehyde, and elemental concentrations in addition to observations on survival and the trend of changes in body weight. The tumors at the site of injection were evaluated for histopathological changes. Treatment with C. molmol (125-500 mg/kg) showed no clastogenicity but was found to be highly cytotoxic in normal mice. The results obtained in the Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cell-bearing mice revealed the cytotoxic and antitumor activity of C. molmol which was found to be equivalent to those of the standard cytotoxic drug cyclophosphamide. On the basis of the nonmutagenic, antioxidative, and cytotoxic potential of C. molmol as observed in the present study, its use in cancer therapy seems to be appropriate and further investigations are suggested.

Animals↗

PubMed1992

A study of uric acid pretreatment for the protection of rat gastric mucosa against toxic damage.

Uric acid was evaluated for its potential to protect the gastric mucosa against the injuries caused by 80% ethanol, 0.6 m-HCl and 0.2 M-NaOH in rats. Uric acid at doses of 50, 100 or 300 mg/kg body weight provided dose-dependent protection against the ulcerogenic effects of all three agents. Other effects caused by ethanol only were studied. Serum uric acid concentrations were statistically significantly increased by both uric acid and ethanol treatments. Treatments of rats by gavage with 1 ml 80% ethanol was found to cause depletion of stomach-wall mucus, to lower the concentrations of protein, nucleic acids and non-protein sulphydryl groups in the stomach wall, and to cause histopathological lesions, including necrosis, erosions, congestion and haemorrhage, of the stomach wall. Treatment with uric acid, at doses of 50, 100 or 300 mg/kg body weight, by gavage, provided some measure of protection against all of these effects, and the protection was generally dose dependent. The protective effects of uric acid against damage to the gastric-wall mucosa may be mediated through its effects on mucus production and non-protein sulphydryl concentrations, and/or its free-radical scavenging properties.

Animals↗

PubMed1992

Effect of Caralluma tuberculata on the cytological and biochemical changes induced by cyclophosphamide in mice.

Treatment with Caralluma tuberculata extract induced complex biochemical and cytological changes in mice. Its cytotoxicity in the bone marrow cells of mice was comparable with that of the standard drug cyclophosphamide (CP); however, unlike CP, C. tuberculata was not clastogenic (as shown by the micronucleus assay). A dose-dependent decrease in the RNA content of liver and testes was produced by C. tuberculata treatment whereas there was no effect on the content of nucleic acid and protein in the brain. In the extract-treated animals there was a significant and dose-dependent increase in the DNA content of the liver, with a negligible effect on the protein content. Combined treatment with C. tuberculata and CP showed that C. tuberculata diminished the effect of CP on DNA levels; however, RNA levels were further suppressed, resulting in increased cytotoxicity. Pretreatment with C. tuberculata extract significantly reduced the clastogenicity of CP. These results indicated the involvement of different phytoconstituents acting by different routes.

Animals↗

PubMed1992

Toxicity studies on Alpinia galanga and Curcuma longa.

Acute (24 h) and chronic (90 days) oral toxicity studies on the ethanolic extracts of the rhizomes of Alpinia galanga and Curcuma longa were carried out in mice. Acute dosages were 0.5, 1.0, and 3 g/kg body weight while the chronic dosage was 100 mg/kg/day as the extract. All external morphological, hematological, and spermatogenic changes, in addition to body weight and vital organ weights were recorded. During this investigation no significant mortality as compared to the controls was observed. The weight gain in the A. galanga treated animals was significant as in the control group while the C. longa-treated animals gained no significant weight after chronic treatment. C. longa treatment induced significant changes in heart and lungs weights upon chronic treatment. Hematological studies revealed a significant rise in the RBC level of A. galanga-treated animals and a significant fall in the WBC and RBC levels of the C. longa-treated animals as compared to the controls. The gain in weights of sexual organs and increased sperm motility and sperm counts were observed in both groups of extract-treated male mice, however, these changes were highly significant in the A. galanga-treated group. Both extracts failed to show any spermatotoxic effects.

Animals↗

PubMed1992

Analysis of prehospital delay among inner-city patients with symptoms of myocardial infarction: implications for therapeutic intervention.

In this study, we analyzed the duration and determinants of prehospital delay in a group of inner-city patients hospitalized with suspected myocardial infarction. The average prehospital delay was 11.9 +/- 25.1 hours. Mean and median delays were similar for males (mean: 10.9 +/- 24.2 hours; median: 2.8 hours) and females (mean: 12.7 +/- 25.7 hours; median: 3.5 hours), but were longer for blacks (mean: 13.1 +/- 27.5 hours, P < .001; median: 3 hours, P = .06) and Hispanics (mean: 12.4 +/- 19.3 hours, P < .01; median: 4 hours, P = .07) than for whites (mean: 3.3 +/- 2.9 hours; median: 2 hours). Most of the observed delay was due to the time it took for patients to decide to seek medical care following onset of symptoms. Patients were more likely to arrive at the hospital within 4 hours if they thought their symptoms might be a heart attack (79% versus 41%, P < .01), if they believed that coronary heart disease was preventable (68% versus 42%, P < .01), and if they took an ambulance to the hospital (68% versus 47%, P < .01). The factor most strongly associated with early hospital arrival was the patient's belief that the symptoms might represent a heart attack; these patients were five times more likely to get to the hospital within 4 hours than others, independent of other factors. Interventions designed to decrease prehospital delay must focus not only on improving knowledge of symptoms, but also on identifying high-risk patients and increasing patient awareness of the benefits of early response and treatment.

Black or African American↗

PubMed1991

Uric acid as an inhibitor of cyclophosphamide-induced micronuclei in mice.

Swiss albino male mice, 6-8 weeks old, were treated orally with different doses of uric acid dissolved in water for 7 days. Some of the mice in each group were injected i.p. with cyclophosphamide (25 mg/kg) and killed after 30 h. The blood of all animals was analyzed for uric acid levels. The femoral cells of the mice in different groups were collected and studied. Uric acid was found to be devoid of mitodepressant or clastogenic activity at 10-100 mg/kg/day. Pretreatment with uric acid was found to provide significant protection against cyclophosphamide-induced bone marrow depression and micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes.

Animals↗

PubMed1991

Uric acid as an inhibitor of biochemical changes induced by cyclophosphamide in mice.

The biochemical changes induced by uric acid, cyclophosphamide and uric acid plus cyclophosphamide were evaluated in Swiss albino male mice. Uric acid dissolved in water was administered orally in different doses for 7 days. Some mice from each group were injected intraperitoneally with cyclophosphamide (25 mg/kg) and sacrificed after 30 h. The blood of all animals was analyzed for uric acid levels. Uric acid was found not to affect the biosynthesis of nucleic acids and proteins in liver, testes and brain at 10-100 mg/kg/d. Pretreatment with uric acid provided significant protection against cyclophosphamide-induced impairment of DNA, RNA and protein biosynthesis.

Animals↗

PubMed1991

Toxicity studies in mice of ethanol extracts of Foeniculum vulgare fruit and Ruta chalepensis aerial parts.

Acute (24-h) and chronic (90-day) oral toxicity studies on the ethanolic extracts of Foeniculum vulgare fruit and Ruta chalepensis aerial parts were carried out in mice. Acute dosages were 0.5, 1.0 and 3 g/kg while the chronic dosage was 100 mg/kg per day of extract. All external morphological, haematological and spermatogenic changes, in addition to body and vital organ weights were recorded. The extracts caused no significant acute or chronic mortality as compared to controls during this investigation. The treated male mice gained significant weight during chronic treatment while a loss or no significant change in weight was noticed in the female mice treated with the same extracts. Haematological studies revealed a significant fall in RBC level of R. chalepensis-treated animals. Both the extracts failed to show spermatotoxic effects.

Animals↗

PubMed1991

Mitodepressive, clastogenic and biochemical effects of (+)-usnic acid in mice.

Mice were treated orally with aqueous suspensions of (+)-usnic acid in a single dose of either 100 or 200 mg/kg. The effects on femur cells and proteins and on nucleic acids of liver cells were studied 24-72 h after treatment. (+)-Usnic acid was found to affect the proliferation of polychromatic erythrocytes possibly by interference with RNA biosynthesis. The slight increase in the micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes without affecting DNA synthesis suggests an effect of usnic acid on spindle apparatus.

Administration, Oral↗

PubMed1990

Preliminary toxicity studies on ethanol extracts of the aerial parts of Artemisia abyssinica and A. Inculta in mice.

Ethanolic extracts of the aerial parts of Artemisia abyssinica and A. inculta were subjected to acute toxicity observations in mice for 24 h and chronic toxicity evaluation for 3 months. External morphological changes, visceral toxicity, haematological changes, spermatogenic dysfunction and effect on body weight and vital organ weight were recorded. In both the chronically treated groups, no significant acute mortality was observed up to 3 g/kg p.o. There was no weight gain in A. abyssinica chronically-treated mice while the weight gain of A. inculta-treated animals matched that of the control group. Significant sperm damage was observed in A. abyssinica-treated mice while A. inculta failed to produce any significant spermatotoxic effect.

Alopecia↗

PubMed1990

Effect of Allium sativum on epididymal spermatozoa, estradiol-treated mice and general toxicity.

A water extract of Allium sativum (garlic) was given to male and female mice in drinking water (100 mg/kg/day) for three months. There was a significant increase in the weight of seminal vesicles and epididymides of male animals as compared to controls and the sperm count was significantly elevated. There was no increase in the body weight of the test animals, and weights of heart, liver and spleen were reduced as compared to controls. Haematological studies revealed an increase in WBC and a decrease in RBC levels of the test animals. Three-day intraperitonial treatment (500 mg/kg) with the A. sativum extract failed to exhibit any estrogenic or antiestrogenic activity.

Allium↗

PubMed1989

Effect of Trigonella foenum-graecum and Ammi majus on calcium oxalate urolithiasis in rats.

The present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of Trigonella foenum-graecum seed and Ammi majus fruit on experimentally-induced kidney stones. Oxalate urolithiasis in male rats was produced by the addition of 3% glycolic acid to their diet. After 4 weeks, highly significant deposition in the kidneys was noticed and changes in water intake and body weight recorded. Daily oral treatment with T. foenum-graecum significantly decreased the quantity of calcium oxalate deposited in the kidneys thus supporting its use in Saudi folk medicine. The effects obtained by A. majus were, however, not significant.

Animals↗

PubMed1989

Studies on herbal aphrodisiacs used in Arab system of medicine.

Toxicity studies were conducted on Brassica rapa, Prunus amygdalus and Zingiber officinale, used as aphrodisiacs in Arab Medicine. During acute toxicity test observations were made for 24 h where all these plants showed no toxicity. The animals were treated for 3 months in chronic treatment. External morphological changes, visceral toxicity, haematological changes, effects on average body weight, vital organ weight, sperm contents, sperm motility and sperm abnormalities were recorded. The average body weight increase was significant in B. rapa and P. amygdalus treated animals. Haematological studies revealed reduction in WBC level in these groups. These changes were not significant in Z. officinale treated animals. In all three groups the visceral condition was normal and the percent lethality was insignificant as compared to the control. All these plant extracts significantly increased the sperm motility and sperm contents in the epididymides and vas deferens without producing any spermatotoxic effect.

Animals↗