Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

A H Rowberg

Publications and source records attributed to A H Rowberg.

30 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Authentication and management of radiologic reports: value of a computer workstation integrated with a radiology information system.

An increasing number of radiology departments are using computers to facilitate management of radiologic information. Transcription, storage, and printing of radiologic reports are among the primary functions of a radiology information system. Consequently, manual signature of radiologic reports is being replaced by on-line electronic authentication. However, the utilities provided on most radiology information systems to review, edit, and otherwise manipulate radiologic reports are relatively crude compared with commercial word-processing and data-base management software available for personal computers. We have developed a personal computer software system that is integrated with our existing radiology information system; expedites the radiologist's task of reviewing, editing, and authenticating (i.e., signing) radiologic reports; provides a teaching file data base on the workstation into which radiologic reports and patients' demographics can be instantly transferred; and provides a similar data base to facilitate follow-up on those examinations deemed appropriate for quality-assurance procedures. These features improve the radiologist's efficiency and increase his or her willingness to more fully exploit the intended purposes of a radiology information system.

Humans↗
PubMed1991

The need and user requirements for integrating images with radiology reports.

Radiology reports are likely to be more useful if they contain appropriate graphic material. Diagnostic conclusions and recommendations become more convincing and useful when the clinician personally can review the image on which these are based. Modern desk-top publishing techniques make it possible to incorporate radiographic images, appropriately selected and annotated, as part of the radiology report. It is believed that such illustrated reports would be preferred by referring physicians, notwithstanding a significant loss of image detail. A survey of these referring physicians was carried out to determine whether this hypothesis was correct.

Computer Peripherals↗
PubMed1990

Preliminary experience with portable digital imaging for intensive care radiography.

A digital radiography system based on reusable, photostimulable phosphor technology was evaluated in approximately 3,500 portable chest radiographs of patients in an intensive care unit. The system functioned well in this application. No major problems were encountered in the visualization of tubes or catheters or in the detection of pneumothoraces. Assessment of fluid volume status or the presence of small pleural effusions, especially when these were bilateral, was initially somewhat difficult but became easier as investigators became familiar with the system. Radiologists were quicker than nonradiologists to accept the minimized two-on-one display format. Critical evaluation of the overall performance of digital systems such as this one is needed for a better definition of the system's strengths and weaknesses. Specifically, statistical analyses of the ability to detect disease states such as pneumothoraces, interstitial lung disease, lung nodules, and pleural abnormalities need to be performed.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

Stereotactic software for the GE 8800 CT scanner.

A computer software program (Seapit) was developed for precise determination of intracranial targets identified by stereotactic computed tomography (CT). This program was added to the software of a GE 8800 CT scanner to perform the following operations: millimetre precise calculation and display of the rectilinear coordinates of a target identified on axial CT images; preplotting of phantom target trajectories on the CT images or electronic radiographs; calculation of probe angles required to achieve various trajectories; display of a coordinate scale on each CT image to allow direct target determination without mathematical calculations; calculation of the intercommissural plane for functional neurosurgery. In a series of 100 patients undergoing stereotactic surgery, the Seapit program proved to be a superior and accurate method of target coordinate calculation. Preview display on the CT images of 'phantom' probes significantly enhanced the safety of stereotactic intervention.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1985

The impact of CT CORRELATE ScoutView images on radiation therapy planning.

CORRELATE is a new computer software program for CT that enables a radiologist to mark tumor margins on traditional CT cross-sectional images and then display the outline of that same tumor on CT ScoutView images. This function is particularly useful for radiation therapy planning because CORRELATE ScoutView images are in the same longitudinal plane as simulation radiographs used for tumor localization in radiation therapy. The impact of CORRELATE on the radiation therapy planning process was measured in 83 patients with various tumors. Therapy planning was performed before and after CORRELATE information was made available to the radiation therapist. CORRELATE information caused a change in the therapy plan in 77% of the cases and increased confidence in the therapy plan in an additional 22%. CORRELATE provides a useful and accurate tool for tumor localization.

Humans↗
PubMed1984

The design of a computer-assisted education system using a CT scanner computer.

The minicomputer that is part of a commercial CT scanner has been used to develop a general purpose computer-assisted education system. This allows instruction in radiology using the CT computer already installed in the radiology department. The computer software was designed as a course interpreter, allowing the courses themselves to be written in English. Images and educational text are stored on separate disk files and displayed by the interpreter.

Computer-Assisted Instruction↗
PubMed1976

Defective lipid disposal mechanisms during bacterial infection in rhesus monkeys.

Mechanisms producing hypertriglyceridemia during bacterial sepsis have not been well defined. In this study lipid disposal mechanisms were assessed in 76 infected and 19 control male rhesus monkeys by the ability to dispose of triglycerides after: (1) oral lipid loading; (2) intravenous lipid loading; and (3) by lipolytic enzyme activity tests as measured by postheparin lipolytic activity (PHLA). Studies were performed both before and 48 hr after intravenous inoculation with either Salmonella typhimurium or Diplococcus pneumoniae when illness was uniformly severe and fasting serum triglyceride elevations were increased maximally. S. typhimurium-infected monkeys demonstrated significant fasting hypertriglyceridemia (p is less than 0.001), reduced clearance of orally and intravenously administered lipid and markedly reduced PHLA. During this gram-negative sepsis, mild lethargy, slight diarrhea, and a 2% mortality were observed. During D. pneumoniae sepsis, average fasting triglyceride concentrations were slightly, but not significantly elevated. While oral lipid clearance was impaired, intravenous lipid clearance was unimpaired, and PHLA was slightly reduced. Marked lethargy, agitation, and a 20% mortality were present during this gram-positive infection. Results of this study support the concept that an impairment of lipid disposal mechanisms, particularly during gram-negative sepsis with S. typhimurium, may significantly contribute to the observed hypertriglyceridemia.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1976

Influenza virus population dynamics in the respiratory tract of experimentally infected mice.

Virus population dynamics in the lungs, trachea, and nasopharynx of Swiss-ICR mice were studied after respiratory challenge with mouse-adapted preparations of strain A2/Aichi/2/68 influenza virus. Markedly higher doses of virus were required to produce infection with nasopharyngeal challenge than with bronchoalveolar challenge. In all of the infections, the highest virus concentrations were observed in the lungs. Peak concentrations in the trachea were lower than in the lungs but higher than in the nasopharynx. Decreasing virus levels were observed by 120 h after challenge and were generally below detectable levels by the end of 10 days. A compartmental model of a single mathematical form was developed which provided close fits of the virus concentration measurements regardless of the challenge dose, site of initial deposition, or respiratory tissue considered. The model includes seven compartments with five associated rate parameters. The application of compartmental modeling techniques and expression of the virus population dynamics in mathematical terms is regarded as a new approach to the study of the pathogenesis of infections.

Administration, Intranasal↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Digital hardware in CT and NMR.

How much does one need to know about the computer part of a computed tomographic or nuclear magnetic resonance system to select the best system and to use it effectively? Enough to comprehend how features or options relate to individual applications and needs. Besides acquiring some basic knowledge, one needs to consider upgradability, word size, and features of the image display controller, graphic input, array processor, and other hardware.

Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted↗