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Biomedical subjects

A H Keeney

Publications and source records attributed to A H Keeney.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1997

Mary B. Walker, M.D. and the pioneering use of prostigmin to treat myasthenia gravis.

In an era when women were not admitted to the University of Edinburgh and when England's first female physician (Elizabeth Garrett Anderson, 1836-1917) had to venture to Paris, France, to earn her M.D. in 1870, the career of Mary Broadfoot Walker (Figure 1) (1988-1974) stands out for truly remarkable achievement. She is credited with making the most significant discovery in medical therapeutic within the British empire.

History, 19th Century↗
PubMed1984

The role of national and international standard setting agencies in the field of possible light damage to the eyes.

Standards consensus and standards documents are both progressively helpful and demanding in the technical world. Medical diseases have slowly moved toward parallel with absorbed units, but are greatly altered by individual variation and multifactorial etiologies. Quantitation of light energies is beset by major ambiguities of definition, measurement, and biologic responses. The input of individual scientists and their national organizations is essential for rational standards in advanced nations. When these are advanced to international (ISO) adoption they have since 1980 gained an impact of obligatory international compliance.

Biophysical Phenomena↗
PubMed1982

Carcinogenesis and nicotine in malignant melanoma of the choroid.

The most abundant carcinogen in tobacco smoke or its condensate has been identified as N-nitrosonornicotine. This is formed predominantly from nicotine in tobacco during curing and smoking but may also be generated within the body. Intravenous injection of 14C NNN appears highly concentrated in the choroid of pigmented mice. Like nicotine, it crosses the placental barrier and appears in the choroid of the embryonic eye in pregnant female mice. Other studies of the male melanoma population show a trend toward earlier life appearance of malignant melanoma in smokers and significantly less of disease-free melanoma-bearing males at five years among smokers. Immunoglobulin G and natural killer leukocyte activities appear to be reduced in male smokers with or without melanomas. Although species and strain differences in susceptibility to carcinogenic agents are well known, these findings led us to a retrospective analysis of 126 white adults undergoing enucleation as immediate therapy for unilateral malignant melanoma of the choroid between 1958 and 1978. Histologic verification and adequate follow-ups were obtained in 105 patients. Minimum follow-up in 65 survivors was 3 years and maximum was 24 years. In 40 patients with metastatic melanomas, death occurred at 3 months to 13 years or at an average of 44 months following surgery. An adequate history of tobacco use was obtained in 94 patients, 44 of which were positive for tobacco use (32 male; 12 female) and 50 were denials (16 male; 34 female). Questions to female patients or families of deceased women evoked more prompt and uncompromising denial than was experienced in questioning of male patients. Straight (non-actuarial) five year tumor mortality in white males with choroidal malignant melanoma showed 12 of 32 or 37% dead among male smokers and 1 of 13 or 8% dead among male non-smokers. Actuarial calculation of five year survival showed only 62% in tobacco using males and 85% in non-tobacco using males. The distribution of cytology was essentially similar in groups both by sex and other subgroupings. There were, however, more large tumors (greater than 10 mm in diameter) in the tobacco group (61%) vs the non-smokers (31%). These preliminary findings merit further analysis by prospective tobacco histories in malignant melanoma patients, particularly among the male population.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Welding processes and ocular hazards and protection.

There are approximately 60 different forms of welding, but only six of these are commonly used. Shielded metal-arc or stick welding, gas metal-arc welding, and oxyacetylene welding are the most frequently used. All produce ultraviolet, visible, and infrared radiation at damaging levels. Conventional glass welding shields contain ultraviolet, visible, and infrared absorbers. Infrared absorbers, however, cause heating and secondary re-radiation. New polycarbonate lenses offer greater impact resistance, and have less tendency to welding spatter. Early abrasion-resistant and reflective coatings on plastics were ineffective. Thin layers of gold with proprietary coatings provide cool reflection and surface resistance. Thermal monitoring of welding indicated that these new shields reduce temperature rises above the ambient by 150% to 175% compared to green glass filter plates without interfering with the welder's vision.

Eye Burns↗