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Biomedical subjects

A Gupta

Publications and source records attributed to A Gupta.

At least 1,063 records · Page 59Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Low-dose intraoperative mitomycin-C versus conjunctival autograft in primary pterygium surgery: long term follow-up.

PURPOSE: To evaluate and compare the long term safety and efficacy of low-dose intraoperative application of mitomycin-C (0.02%) with conjunctival autograft in primary pterygium surgery. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Of 37 consecutive patients 41 eyes with primary pterygium underwent pterygium excision with either intraoperative mitomycin-C (0.02%) (Group I) or conjunctival autografts (Group II) at random. Mitomycin-C (0.2 mg/mL) was applied for 2.5 minutes on the scleral bed under the conjunctiva. Conjunctival autograft was obtained from upper temporal limbus and secured with 10-0 monofilament nylon. The follow-up period ranged from 14 to 54 months (mean 36 months) for mitomycin-C group and 13 to 58 months (mean 38 months) for conjunctival autograft group. RESULTS: Twenty-one eyes underwent pterygium excision with intraoperative mitomycin-C (0.02%) application (Group I) and 20 eyes were treated using conjunctival autograft (Group II). The mean size of the pterygium was 3.80 mm (range 2.6 to 4.8 mm) in the mitomycin-C group and 3.60 mm (range 2.5 to 4.5 mm) in the conjunctival autograft group. Two (9.52%) eyes treated with intraoperative mitomycin-C had delayed epithelial healing of corneoscleral wound and one (4.76%) eye developed pyogenic granuloma. Three (14.3%) of the 21 eyes in Group I and one (5%) of 20 eyes in Group II had recurrence of pterygium (P = 0.3174). All recurrences occurred in patients below 40 years of age (P = 0.0384). CONCLUSION: We conclude that conjunctival autograft and intraoperative mitomycin-C are both equally effective adjuncts to primary pterygium surgery on long term follow-up. However, future prospective studies with larger numbers of subjects may be carried out to find out the optimum concentration and duration of intraoperative mitomycin-C application.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Pefloxacin in steroid dependent and resistant idiopathic nephrotic syndrome.

Children with nephrotic syndrome who are either steroid dependent or resistant are difficult to manage. Ten children (age 8-14 years, mean 13.2 years) with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (5 steroid dependent, 5 steroid resistant) formed the study group. All of them had received a course of cyclophosphamide at least six months previously and were now given pefloxacin in the dose of 200mg to 400mg twice daily (mean dose 2-4.6mg/kg/daily) for 4 to 8 weeks. They did not get steroid along with pefloxacin. After a mean follow up period of 18 weeks (12-20 weeks), 7 patients were in remission (2 complete, 5 partial), while 2 patients did not show any response; one patient discontinued pefloxacin within 2 weeks of start of therapy due to nausea and vomiting. One patient developed arthralgia and another discoloration of nails. There was a significant reduction in proteinuria after pefloxacin therapy (pre-3.6+/-2.02gm/24h; post 1.9+/-1.8gm/24h, p<0.006), and side effects were minimal and reversible. Thus for the subgroup of idiopathic nephrotic children who are steroid dependent or resistant and do not respond to a course of cyclophosphamide, pefloxacin could be helpful in inducing remission.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Retrospective review of clinical and neuroimaging observations in pyomeningitis.

The present study is a review of patients with pyogenic meningitis diagnosed by clinical and laboratory criteria in which CT scan was done to detect acute phase CT abnormalities with respect to post inflammatory hydrocephalus and ventriculomegaly. Fifty-six patients were identified between 1993 and 1996 in the Department of Pediatrics at the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi. A CT scan was available in 30. The diagnosis was compatible with a definitive pyogenic meningitis in 17 and probable pyogenic meningitis in 13. The acute stage CT scans performed within the first four weeks of illness revealed ventriculomegaly in 10 out of 30 bacterial meningitis (33%), (41.1% of definitive meningitis compared to only 23% of the probable meningitis group). Follow-up CT scans revealed persistent ventriculomegaly in 2. Both patients with persistent ventriculomegaly had frontal atrophy. None of the patients merited a shunt or any medical measures. Cortical atrophy as an aftermath of acute bacterial meningitis may cause persistent ventriculomegaly. The frontal cortex localization may explain the frequency of seizures and other sequelae observed in pyogenic meningitis. An early recognition may help to prognosticate patient outcome.

Acute Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Update on the safety of itraconazole pulse therapy in onychomycosis and dermatomycoses.

As the use of newer antifungal agents becomes more widespread, safety issues surrounding their use have become more important. To date, the safety profile of itraconazole has been well defined by its worldwide use in 50 million patients over the past 13 years. Data from clinical practice and clinical trials indicate that the 1-week pulse regimen of itraconazole is well tolerated and associated with a favourable safety profile. Adverse events are generally mild and transient. Furthermore, a dose increase to 400 mg in the pulse regimen has had no adverse impact on safety.

Antifungal Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Postoperative complications and visual results in uniocular pediatric traumatic cataract.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: This study was prospectively carried out to evaluate the postoperative complications and visual results following posterior chamber intraocular lens (PCIOL) implantation in children with unilateral traumatic cataract. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We prospectively evaluated 40 children, 12 years or younger, with traumatic cataract (blunt trauma, n = 22 eyes, repaired penetrating eye injury, n = 18 eyes) undergoing PCIOL implantation with a minimum follow-up period of one year. Children with posterior segment ocular injury were excluded. RESULTS: The postoperative complications were significantly higher in the penetrating eye injury group as compared to blunt trauma group (ie, pupillary capture 44.44% vs 9.09%, posterior capsulotomy rate 83.33% vs 40.90% and IOL decentration 27.77% vs 4.54%). The final visual acuity was 6/12 or better in 38.8% and 86.36% of eyes with penetrating eye injury and blunt trauma, respectively. CONCLUSION: Extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE) with PCIOL implantation in traumatic cataract following blunt trauma results in better visual outcome and fewer complications compared to penetrating eye injury if the posterior segment is not involved.

Cataract↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Traumatic lens abscess with chornic endophthalmitis successfully treated with pars plana lensectomy and vitrectomy.

Intralenticular abscess is a rare entity and has been infrequently reported after surgery, metastatic infection, or trauma. We report a case of post traumatic lens abscess with low-grade endophthalmitis following a penetrating eye injury with a splinter of wood. The patient was successfully treated with a pars plana lensectomy and vitrectomy. Despite thorough microbiological investigations, no causative organism could be isolated.

Abscess↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Neodymium:YAG capsulotomy rates following phacoemulsification with implantation of PMMA, silicone, and acrylic intraocular lenses.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Posterior capsular opacification (PCO) is the most common visually disabling sequela of modern cataract surgery. Methods of reducing its incidence include the development of newer surgical techniques and intraocular lens (IOL) materials and designs. The aim of this study was to compare the incidence and time interval of development of PCO, and the requirement of laser capsulotomy in patients implanted with a polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), silicone, or acrylic IOL. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The data of 340 consecutive patients who underwent phacoemulsification and implantation ofa PMMA, silicone, or acrylic intraocular lens were analyzed. The aim of this study was to compare the incidence and time interval of development of PCO, and the requirement of laser capsulotomy in patients implanted with a PMMA, silicone, or acrylic IOL. RESULTS: The incidence of PCO was found to be significantly less in the acrylic group (6.5% as compared to 21.74% and 26.6% in the PMMA and silicone groups, respectively; P = 0.01297 and 0.0039). Most patients (65%) exhibiting PCO in the PMMA group developed it within the first six months. In the silicone group, development of PCO was delayed. In 60% of patients, it appeared 18 months after surgery. Neodymium:YAG capsulotomy was required in 45% and 60% of patients developing PCO in the PMMA and silicone groups, respectively, while it was required in only 1 of the 4 patients developing PCO in the acrylic group. CONCLUSION: This study indicates that implantation of an acrylic IOL helps reduce the incidence of PCO as well as the need for Nd:YAG capsulotomy. PMMA IOLs require Nd:YAG capsulotomy earlier in the postoperative period as compared to silicone IOLs.

Acrylic Resins↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Efficacy of various laser wavelengths in the treatment of clinically significant macular edema in diabetics.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To compare various laser wavelengths: argon green (514 nm), vs krypton red (647 nm), vs frequency doubled Nd:YAG (532 nm), and vs diode (810 nm), for laser photocoagulation treatment in clinically significant macular edema (CSME) in diabetics. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Four different wavelengths were used to sequentially treat 271 eyes of 164 diabetic patients with CSME. Follow up was conducted for a minimum of 6 months (9.8 +/- 1.3 months). Retreatment was performed if residual edema involving the foveal avascular zone persisted at 3 months. RESULTS: Reduction/elimination of CSME was observed in 93.3% of argon-treated eyes, 88.5% in krypton red group, 92.9% with frequency doubled Nd:YAG, and 84.8% with diode laser with no statistically significant difference between the groups (P > 0.05 for all groups). The number of eyes requiring retreatment was highest with the diode laser having 44.3% of eyes requiring retreatment and least with frequency doubled Nd:YAG having only 15.5% of eyes requiring retreatment (P = 0.0002). CONCLUSIONS: All lasers are equally effective in reducing/eliminating CSME. However, Nd:YAG may have an advantage because of requiring fewer retreatments.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Retrieval of a dropped corneal button from a vitrectomized eye.

A successful retrieval of a dropped corneal button from an aphakic vitrectomized eye during penetrating keratoplasty is reported. A 52-year-old female patient underwent penetrating keratoplasty for aphakic corneal edema in a vitrectomized eye. The donor button inadvertently dropped into the vitreous cavity and was retrieved successfully. The dropped corneal button was visualized after focusing the operating microscope on the retina. The visualization significantly improved after aspiration of the fluid from the vitrectomized eye. The donor button was picked up by McPherson's forceps and subsequently sutured to the recipient's cornea. Corneal surgeons need to be aware of this rare complication in aphakic vitrectomized eyes and its retrieval after accurate visualization.

Aphakia↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The indirect cost of AIDS.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Inflammation and Alzheimer's disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is classified mainly as a neurodegenerative disease. Recent research, however, has shown that inflammatory mechanisms are also associated with AD and that they could have a role in contributing to the pathogenesis of this disease. The evidence is based on histopathological brain studies, laboratory studies of peripheral inflammation and the fact that certain anti-inflammatory drugs could modify the course of AD. There is wide scope for further research using anti-inflammatory therapies in the prevention/treatment of AD, thereby reducing the burden of this widely prevalent condition in the community.

Alzheimer Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Hepatitis B and C virus--prevalence and prevention in health care workers.

BACKGROUND: Hepatitis B and C viruses are important causes of liver related morbidity and mortality. We aimed at determining the presence of hepatitis B and C virus infections in the health care workers (HCWs) and their compliance for the HBV vaccination. METHODS: Three thousand five hundred and fifty six health care workers were screened for HBsAg and 115 for anti-HCV by ELISA. HBsAg negative individual were offered HBV vaccination and record of their compliance was kept. Anti-HBs titers were determined one month after 2nd or 3rd dose of vaccine in 273 subjects. RESULTS: Out of 3556 health care workers, 61 (1.7%) were found to be positive for HBsAg. One out of 115 HCWs (0.87%) was found to be positive for anti-HCV. Fifteen percent of HCWs received only one dose, 26% received two doses 59% received three doses and 2.5% also received the booster dose of the HBV vaccine. All those tested had anti-HBs titers more than 10 mUI/ml. CONCLUSION: In HCWs, HBsAg and anti-HCV prevalence was found to be 1.7% and 0.87% respectively. HCWs in our hospital, despite the awareness on HBV and HCV infection are noncompliant for HBV vaccination.

Adult↗