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Biomedical subjects

A Gupta

Publications and source records attributed to A Gupta.

At least 1,009 records · Page 56Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Infant feeding practices among patients of pediatricians and general practitioners.

In an attempt to document the infant feeding practices among patients of pediatricians and general practitioners, a study was carried over a period of one month and data of 10,374 infants were recorded using a pre-printed proforma marked by a simple 'tick' for each patient. The results showed: (i) initiation of breastfeeding was delayed in nearly half of the cases beyond 24 hours; (ii) introduction of bottle feeding in more than half of infants by the age of 4 months and (iii) introduction of solid foods later than eight months in almost half of infants. While breastfeeding is practised by 78% of women, only one in five practice exclusive breastfeeding till 4-6 months, and very few avoid bottle feeds. Much education and change in behaviour is needed if optimal benefit of breastfeeding in India is to be realised.

Bottle Feeding↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Trace metals and metalloenzymes in placenta after oral administration of lead acetate.

The present study was carried out to find the effects of Pb acetate (10-50 mg/kg body wt) after oral administration on: 1. The distribution of elements, such as Fe, Cu, Zn, and Mn; 2. The activity of 6-amino levulenic acid dehydratase (delta-ALAD) and alkaline phosphatase (PAP); and 3. On the level of reduced glutathione (GSH) in murine placenta. Pb toxicity expressed on a dry-wt basis was reflected in terms of deficiency of delta-ALAD and PAP and enhanced content of GSH. Analysis of trace elements following Pb exposure showed low levels of Mn and Cu. Although Fe composition of placenta remained within normal range with increasing load of endogeneous Pb, Zn decline was not consistent after oral feeding of Pb acetate. Deficiency of PAP after Pb exposure did not correlate with the endogeneous levels of Pb or Zn therein, but correlated with endogeneous levels of Mn. Placental deficiencies of Cu and Mn have been related to the disturbed placental functions by Pb accumulation.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Menkes disease.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Brain Diseases, Metabolic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Differential hemisphere processing of information in schizophrenia.

Ten paranoid and 10 nonparanoid schizophrenics, 10 nonschizophrenic psychiatric controls, and 10 normal controls were presented with two types of dot enumeration task, structured and unstructured dot arrays, tachistoscopically. The tasks were designed to elicit left and right hemisphere functioning through automatic and controlled information-processing strategies. The findings indicated that the two tasks failed to separate information-processing strategies as intended. The display size effects were found to be significant in both tasks for all the groups. In the case of the structured task, paranoids and nonparanoids both performed significantly more accurately in the right as compared with the left hemisphere. Unlike the other three groups, the nonparanoid group was found to process the dots in both tasks using an automatic strategy but this was so only in the left hemisphere. In the right, they performed like other groups. The findings thus point to a left hemisphere deficit in the nonparanoids.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Changes in end-tidal carbon dioxide during gynecologic laparoscopy: spontaneous versus controlled ventilation.

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To study the changes in PETCO2 during spontaneous and controlled ventilation in patients undergoing gynecologic laparoscopy. DESIGN: Randomized, unblinded study. SETTING: Department of Gynecology, University Hospital, Linköping, Sweden; Central Hospital, Norrköping, Sweden. PATIENTS: Forty healthy patients undergoing gynecologic laparoscopy. INTERVENTIONS: Patients were divided into 4 groups: Group 1 breathed spontaneously via an endotracheal tube, while the other three groups underwent controlled ventilation to an initial PETCO2 of 3 kPa (22 mmHg) (Group 2), 4 kPa (30 mmHg) (Group 3), or 5 kPa (37 mmHg) (Group 4). MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: PETCO2 levels were measured at fixed time intervals. Arterial blood gas analyses were done to compare the difference between PETCO2 and PaCO2. In Group 1, PETCO2 increased soon after insufflation and remained above 6 kPa (44 mmHg) throughout the procedure. In Groups 2, 3, and 4, PETCO2 also rose after insufflation, and an initial PETCO2 of 4 kPa (30 mmHg) was ideal, as all PETCO2 values were less than 5.5 kPa (41 mmHg). Occasional episodes of arrhythmia were seen in Group 1. However, no major adverse effects were observed in any of the groups. CONCLUSIONS: In view of the high PETCO2 levels, spontaneous breathing should be avoided during gynecologic laparoscopy, and ventilation to an initial PETCO2 of 4 kPa (30 mmHg) is recommended during controlled ventilation.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Potential for multiple mechanisms, phenomena and algorithms for synaptic plasticity at single synapses.

Recent experimental evidence indicates that in the neocortex, the manner in which each synapse releases neurotransmitter in response to trains of presynaptic action potentials is potentially unique. These unique transmission characteristics arise because of a large heterogeneity in various synaptic properties that determine frequency dependence of transmission such as those governing the rates of synaptic depression and facilitation. A theoretical analysis was therefore undertaken to explore the phenomenologies of changes in the values of these synaptic parameters. The results illustrate how the change in any one of several synaptic parameters produces a distinctive effect on synaptic transmission and how these distinctive effects can point to the most likely biophysical mechanisms. These results could therefore be useful in studies of synaptic plasticity in order to obtain a full characterization of the phenomenologies of synaptic modifications and to isolate potential biophysical mechanisms. Based on this theoretical analysis and experimental data, it is proposed that there exists multiple mechanisms, phenomena and algorithms for synaptic plasticity at single synapses. Finally, it is shown that the impact of changing the values of synaptic parameters depends on the values of the other parameters. This may indicate that the various mechanisms, phenomena and algorithms are interlinked in a 'synaptic plasticity code'.

Algorithms↗