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Biomedical subjects

A Gupta

Publications and source records attributed to A Gupta.

At least 775 records · Page 43Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Glycaemic response to maize, bajra and barley.

The postprandial glycaemic response to maize (Zea mays), bajra (Pennisetum typhoideum) and barley (Hordeum vulgare) was studied in a pool of 18 healthy volunteers and 14 patients having non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). In response to maize, none of the variables examined was significantly different as compared to white bread. The glycaemic response to bajra was significantly lower than that to white bread in healthy subjects, but the two responses were indistinguishable in NIDDM subjects. The insulinaemic responses to bajra and white break were not significantly different in either group of subjects. The glycaemic response to barley was significantly lower than that to white bread in both groups of subjects. But the insulinaemic response to barley was significantly lower than that to white bread only in healthy subjects. In NIDDM subjects, there was a tendency for the response to barley to be higher than that to white bread 0.5 h after ingestion. Barley, with a low glycaemic index (68.7 in healthy and 53.4 in NIDDM subjects) and a high insulinaemic index (105.2) in NIDDM subjects seems to mobilize insulin in NIDDM. This makes it a specially suitable cereal for diabetes mellitus.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Aicardi syndrome.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Agenesis of Corpus Callosum↗
PubMed1991

Neurotoxicological effects of a pyrethroid formulation, fenvalerate in rats.

The effect of systemic treatment of a synthetic pyrethroid insecticide, fenvalerate (FV) was examined in adult female rats at different doses i.e. 5, 10, 20 mg/kg body weight by gavage for 21 consecutive days on regional brain levels of noradrenaline (NA), dopamine (DA), their acid metabolites: dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) and homovanillic acid (HVA) by HPLC-EC system. Our results demonstrate pronounced inhibition of NA, DA, HVA & DOPAC levels in several brain regions which were neither dose related nor region specific.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Role of aminophylline in atropine resistant atrioventricular block.

Atrioventricular (AV) block may be induced by ischaemia as a result of production of adenosine, a metabolite that accumulates during hypoxia and ischaemia. Adenosine antagonism has been shown to reverse experimental AV node block in dogs. Recently, theophylline has been shown to be highly effective in diminishing the frequency and severity of bradycardia in newborn infants with apnoea-bradycardia spells. We report here a case of acute inferior wall myocardial infarction who developed atropine resistant AV block which was reversed by aminophylline, a competitive, antagonist of adenosine.

Aminophylline↗
PubMed1991

Visual prognosis in central serous choroidopathy: residual Amsler grid changes.

To assess residual changes on Amsler grid charting in central serous choroidopathy, 30 patients (34 eyes) with the disorder were followed from the time of onset of symptoms to the time of resolution of the disease. A total of 28 eyes, including all 3 with an acuity of 6/6 or better, had Amsler grid changes at presentation, compared with 13 eyes at the last follow-up visit. Significantly more patients with a disease duration of more than 8 weeks than those whose disease lasted 8 weeks or less had residual changes (p less than 0.01). Overall, 41% of the eyes had a final acuity of less than 6/6 or a residual change or both.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Steiner's norms for North Indian pre-school children.

A roentgenographic cephalometric investigation to establish Steiner's norms in pre-school children was carried out on 60, 4-5-year-old North Indian children with complete normal established primary dentition and pleasing profiles. The North Indian children were found to possess a convex profile, steeper occlusal plane, steeper mandibular plane and more upright incisors over basal bone at 4-5 years of age as compared to that of Caucasian children. None of the measurements showed sexual dimorphism of any statistical significance. The Steiner's norms from a sample of Caucasian population are not as such applicable to North Indian pre-school children.

Cephalometry↗
PubMed1990

Phytohemagglutinin rapidly lyses S49 T-lymphoma cells and the cytotoxicity is not mediated by generation of cAMP or increase in cytosolic calcium.

Thymic-like lymphomas are very sensitive to killing by phytohemagglutinin. To investigate the mechanism of cytotoxicity, we studied the effect of PHA on cytosolic calcium [( Ca2+]i) and cAMP in the S49 mouse lymphoma cell line. PHA produced a slow continuing rise in [Ca2+]i. Estimation of cell number by Coulter counting showed that PHA induced rapid lysis of S49 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Nicardipine (10(-5) M) did not prevent PHA induced cell lysis or [Ca2+]i increase. Also ionomycin (10(-7) M) did not induce cell lysis. The data suggest that PHA induced increase in [Ca2+]i is the result rather than the cause of cell lysis. Elevated intracellular cAMP has an antiproliferative effect on S49 cells. PHA had no effect on cAMP levels in S49 cells. Also S49 cyc- clone which is deficient in Gs was susceptible to killing by PHA. These results suggest that the cytotoxic effect of PHA on S49 cells is rapid, but is not mediated by cAMP generation or an increase in [Ca2+]i, and other mechanisms should be investigated.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Immunological studies in tropical spastic paraparesis.

Tropical spastic paraparesis (TSP) and other chronic-progressive myelopathies have been clearly associated with increased serum and cerebrospinal fluid antibody titers to human T-lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I). However, little is known about the cellular immune function in TSP. In the present study, activated T lymphocytes were found in the peripheral blood of patients with TSP. Specifically, there were increased numbers of large CD3+ cells that also expressed HLA-DR and interleukin-2-receptor molecules. A significantly elevated spontaneous lymphoproliferative response was demonstrated in all patients tested. Generation of measles virus-specific cytotoxic T-cell response was reduced in 4 of 4 patients. This was similar to previous findings in patients with multiple sclerosis. However, unlike multiple sclerosis, reduced generation of cytotoxic T-cell response to influenza and mumps viruses was observed in 2 of 4 patients. These observations confirm further the strong association between TSP and an HTLV-I-like virus and suggest that the observed abnormalities of the cellular immune response in TSP are related to infection of lymphocytes by the retrovirus.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Synthetic and conformational studies on dehydroalanine-containing model peptides.

Three model dipeptides containing a dehydroalanine residue (delta Ala) at the C-terminal, Boc-X-delta Ala-NHCH3 [X = Ala, Val, and Phe,] have been synthesized and their solution conformations investigated by 1H-NMR, IR, and CD spectroscopy. NMR studies on these peptides in CDCl3 clearly indicate that the NH group of dehydroalanine is involved in an intramolecular hydrogen bond. This conclusion is supported by IR studies also. Nuclear Overhauser effect (NOE) studies are also accommodative of an inverse gamma-turn-type of conformation that is characterized by conformational angles of phi approximately -70 degrees and psi approximately +70 degrees around the X residue, and a C alpha i + 1 H-Ni + 2H interproton distance of 2.5 A. It appears that unlike dehydrophenylalanine or dehydroleucine, which tend to stabilize beta-turn type of structures occupying the i + 2 position of the turn, dehydroalanine favors the formation of an inverse gamma-turn, centered at the preceding L-residue in such solvents as CDCl3 and (CD3)2SO. A comparison of solution conformation of Boc Val-delta Ala-NHCH3 with the corresponding saturated analogue, Boc-Val-Ala-NHCH3, is also presented and shows that dehydroalanine is responsible for inducing the turn structure. It may be possible to design peptides with different preferred conformations using the suitable dehydroamino acid.

Alanine↗