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Biomedical subjects

A Grenvik

Publications and source records attributed to A Grenvik.

15 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Future of critical care.

Critical care, as a specialty in both nursing and medicine, is well recognized and the number of people requiring hospitalization for critical illnesses continues to increase. The purpose of this paper is to examine the future and the changes that lie ahead in critical care. New and expanding roles for nurses are projected along with a continued refinement and expansion of the critical care medicine subspecialty for physicians. A variety of changes in critical care are anticipated that reflect our increasing abilities in biotechnology, basic and clinical research, and data management. These changes are viewed for their obvious impact on cost, ethical controversies, and patient care and outcome.

Critical Care↗
PubMed1978

Cardiorespiratory effects of flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy in critically ill patients.

The flexible fiberoptic bronchoscope is used increasingly often as a multipurpose instrument in critical care medicine. In poor risk patients who need continuous mechanical ventilation, rigid open tube bronchoscopy is a problem. With the flexible fiberoptic bronchoscope, however, diagnostic and therapeutic procedures can be carried out without interruption of ongoing mechanical ventilation. This procedure offers the possibility of bronchoscopy with reduced risk in debilitated patients. However, in these critically ill patients, the cardiopulmonary system is functioning at the borderline of its ability. Therefore, even the small changes in ventilation pattern caused by flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy (FFB) may in some cases cause dangerous cardiopulmonary distress. For example, changes of intrabronchial pressure, tidal volume, PaO2, PaCO2 and cardiac output may be caused by the procedure. Further, it is of great importance to restrict suction through the instrument to short periods to avoid dangerous alterations in the ventilation perfusion relationship. Since serious complications may occur, it is mandatory that the bronchoscopist be aware of the potential pathophysiologic effects of FFB during mechanical ventilation of critically ill patients.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Optimal PEEP.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Hemodynamics↗
PubMed1976

Continuous positive airway pressure without tracheal intubation in spontaneously breathing patients.

Indications for the use of therapy with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) in spontaneously breathing patients are increasing in number. The value of this technique without tracheal intubation was investigated in 14 patients with acute respiratory distress. In most patients (eight patients, or 57 percent) the technique was successful, as evidenced by avoidance of the necessity for tracheal intubation and improvements in clinical appearance, arterial oxygen pressure, and chest x-ray films. Complications were observed in three patients, but these necessitated discontinuation of therapy in only one. The use of this technique allows avoidance of endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation, with their attendant risks.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1976

Retroperitoneal air dissection associated with mechanical ventilation.

The radiologic patterns, etiology, and possible consequences of gas dissection into the retroperitoneal space from pulmonary sources are reviewed in three patients requiring mechanical ventilation. Airway disruption appears to be related to peak airway pressures, underlying pulmonary disease, and the patient's hemodynamic condition and may cause different forms of interstitial emphysema and air embolization, which may lead to severe respiratory or circulatory dysfunction. Gas migration to the retroperitoneum and, secondarily, into the peritoneal cavity should be considered in the differential diagnosis of free intra-abdominal gas.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Problems in brain death determination.

During the last decade there has been philosophical acceptance of the concept that the state of brain death is equivalent to total patient death. The application of this concept to clinical medicine has been associated with major problems in both the diagnosis of brain death and the medical management of the brain dead patient. In our experience with 176 consecutive cases of suspected brain death over a seven-year period, we have found that a standardized protocol applied by experienced clinicians will minimize these problems.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Differential lung ventilation with PEEP in the treatment of unilateral pneumonia.

A technique for differential lung ventilation via a Carlens tube with inspiratory retardation and the application of separate levels of PEEP to each lung are described in the treatment of a patient with severe unilateral pneumonia. In addition to isolating the diseased lung, this technique permits modification of the distribution of ventilation between the two lungs to improve the ventilation-perfusion ratio and enhance arterial oxygenation. Its clinical application is influenced by the flow characteristics of available mechanical ventilators and by the limitations of the currently available double-lumen endobronchial tubes.

Aged↗