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Biomedical subjects

A Greenspan

Publications and source records attributed to A Greenspan.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Severe osteopenia in congenital erythropoietic porphyria.

Congenital erythropoietic porphyria is a rare disorder of porphyrin metabolism. The authors describe a 15-year-old boy in whom the radiologic manifestations of this disorder included the known features of osteopenia, acro-osteolysis, soft-tissue calcifications and widening of the diploic space, as well as the previously unreported findings of severe vertebral compression fractures, thoracic kyphosis, and "salt and pepper" skull.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Chondrosarcoma complicating synovial chondromatosis: findings with magnetic resonance imaging.

A 64-year-old man with a tender mass at the ankle was found to have chondrosarcoma complicating synovial chondromatosis. Malignancy was suspected on the basis of the clinical presentation rather than the findings in plain radiographs or magnetic resonance images. Chondrosarcoma arising in synovial chondromatosis is very rare. Misinterpreting the latter condition as malignant and the former as benign can be problematic, and the importance of distinguishing the two entities is discussed.

Ankle Joint↗
PubMed1994

Extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma: an unusual tumour in a 6-year-old boy.

Extraskeletal (soft-tissue) myxoid chondrosarcoma is an uncommon malignant tumour that usually develops in the fifth, sixth or seventh decade of life. The authors describe its occurrence in a 6-year-old boy. Histologically, the tumour must be differentiated from parachordoma and epithelioid hemangioendothelioma, with which it shares some features.

Child↗
PubMed1993

CT evaluation of primary epiphyseal bone abscesses.

We reviewed the clinical, radiographic, and computed tomographic (CT) findings in eight children with a histologically proven diagnosis of epiphyseal or apophyseal osteomyelitis. In all cases the femur was involved: in five the osteomyelitis was localized in the femoral condyle, in two it was in the greater trochanter, and in one it was in the femoral head epiphysis. In four of the six cases of epiphyseal involvement there was associated joint effusion or septic arthritis. CT examination may demonstrate a serpentine tract, a sequestrum, cortical destruction or adjacent soft tissue swelling and can differentiate osteomyelitis from other epiphyseal lucent lesions, particularly chondroblastoma and osteoid osteoma. CT yielded important new diagnostic information in seven of the eight patients, failing to do so in only one. In one case, CT showed a wooden splinter in an abscess cavity, which had been mistaken for a sequestrum. When combined with accurate clinical and laboratory information and good quality plain radiographs, CT can lead to an early diagnosis of epiphyseal infection. Early diagnosis helps avoid delays in initiating antibiotic or surgical treatment caused by the unusual (epiphyseal or apophyseal) location of the bone abscess.

Abscess↗
PubMed1993

Case report 787: Desmoplastic fibroma.

An unusual case of desmoplastic fibroma of the pelvic bones is presented, showing spontaneous arrest of growth. The tumor showed a marginal sclerosis, a rather rare finding in these lesions and a phenomenon probably related to the tumor's very slow growth in the presented patient.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

Benign bone-forming lesions: osteoma, osteoid osteoma, and osteoblastoma. Clinical, imaging, pathologic, and differential considerations.

The benign bone lesions--osteoma, osteoid osteoma, and osteoblastoma--are characterized as bone-forming because tumor cells produce osteoid or mature bone. Osteoma is a slow-growing lesion most commonly seen in the paranasal sinuses and in the calvaria. When it occurs in the long bones, it is invariably juxtacortical and may need to be differentiated from, among others, parosteal osteosarcoma, sessile osteochondroma, and a matured juxtacortical focus of myositis ossificans. Osteoid osteoma and osteoblastoma appear histologically very similar. Their clinical presentations and distribution in the skeleton, however, are distinct: osteoid osteoma is usually accompanied by nocturnal pain promptly relieved by salicylates; osteoblastoma arises predominantly in the axial skeleton, spinal lesions constituting one-third of reported cases. This review focuses on the application of the various imaging modalities in the diagnosis, differential diagnosis, and evaluation of these lesions. Their histopathology also is discussed, and their treatment briefly outlined.

Bone Neoplasms↗
PubMed1993

Case report 804: Chondroblastic osteosarcoma grade 3 of the left clavicle.

The summary, the case of a 15-year-old boy with osteosarcoma of the clavicle is presented, prompted by the rarity of primary tumors at that site and by this particular tumor's unusual roentgenographic appearance, which suggested a benign process. A review of the literature on clavicular tumors and malignancies is provided. Though extremely rare, primary tumors of the clavicle are more likely to be malignant than benign. This suggests tht serious consideration should be given to malignancy in the face of an apparently aggressive lesion of the clavicle, and perhaps even a benign-appearing tumor as well.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Osteonecrosis: current perspectives on pathogenesis and treatment.

Nontraumatic osteonecrosis results from impairment of circulation to the affected bone. The femoral head is affected most frequently. The underlying cause for the circulatory defect in osteonecrosis varies and may involve both local and systemic changes. Steroid use, alcohol consumption, pancreatitis, and lipid disorders appear to lead to bone death either by development of fat emboli in the microcirculature surrounding the affected bone or by fatty infiltration of the marrow. Decompression syndrome results from the presence of gaseous emboli in the microcirculature. In Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease other associated features are present such as short stature, suboptimal growth velocity, and/or hormonal imbalances, and it is likely that osteonecrosis may be secondary to systemic abnormalities, although specific factors have not been identified. Other frequently suggested pathogenic factors that play a role in the development of osteonecrosis include increased intraosseous pressures, the presence of cytotoxic cellular factors, intravascular coagulation, venous stasis, and the hyperviscosity syndrome. Some investigators have attempted, without success, to find a common etiology for all cases of osteonecrosis. In addition, patients have developed osteonecrosis without any known risk factors; this syndrome has been coined idiopathic avascular necrosis. In advanced stages of femoral head osteonecrosis, total hip arthroplasty appears to be the best therapeutic modality, particularly in older individuals.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed1993

Parosteal lipoma with hyperostosis: report of two pathologically proven cases evaluated by magnetic resonance imaging.

The authors describe two cases of parosteal lipoma, an infrequent benign tumour, associated with hyperostosis. The first patient presented with a mass in the posterior neck, the other with one in the proximal forearm. Radiologic diagnosis was facilitated by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The MRI images showed the characteristic features of a parosteal lipoma, as well as hyperostotic areas that remained of low signal intensity in both T1-weighted and T2-weighted sequences. MRI is both sensitive and specific for diagnosing these lesions and provides excellent depiction of the anatomic features before surgery.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of suprascapular nerve syndrome.

The authors report the findings in a case of early suprascapular nerve syndrome caused by a ganglion in the spinoglenoid notch. The diagnosis was established by magnetic resonance imaging. The exquisite soft-tissue detail provided by this modality allows differentiation among many causes of shoulder pain.

Humans↗
PubMed1993

Diagnosis and clinical findings of Kienböck's disease.

The clinical presentation and history of patients with Kienböck's disease do not permit differentiating avascular necrosis of the lunate from vague wrist pathology of a variety of causes. Diagnosis and evaluation of this disorder therefore require appropriate imaging studies. Plain-film radiography, tomography, and bone scintigraphy are useful screening tests, but MRI yields a definitive diagnosis. CT is also valuable for delineating structural changes and the amount of collapse in the lunate. The staging of Kienböck's disease is based on clinical and radiographic data.

Humans↗
PubMed1993

Hand lipomas: detection and characterization by magnetic resonance imaging.

The initial clinical examination of two patients with a mass lesion of the palmar aspect of the hand failed to suggest the cause. Subsequently, the patients were examined with magnetic resonance imaging, which demonstrated that the lesions were lipomas. The scans revealed masses with smooth, lobulated margins and internal septations of low signal intensity; the masses exhibited high signal intensity in T1-weighted spin-echo images and intermediate signal intensity in T2-weighted images, features consistent with a lipoma.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Digital subtraction lumbar diskography: technical note.

A simple technique is described for increasing the conspicuousness of radiographic contrast media injection during lumbar diskography. Injections are monitored with a digital C-arm unit using digital subtraction technique, rather than conventional fluoroscopic technique. Fourteen disk levels in six patients have so far been imaged with digital subtraction lumbar diskography. The technique permits more precise monitoring of contrast injections, and may be particularly useful for detecting minute test injections in spaces other than the nucleus pulposus, as well as for diskography on large and overweight patients.

Adult↗