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Biomedical subjects

A Green

Publications and source records attributed to A Green.

At least 631 records · Page 35Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Epidemiological studies of diabetes mellitus in Denmark. I. A case finding method based on the National Service Conscript Registry.

To provide unbiased material for epidemiological studies of diabetes mellitus a case finding method based on the Danish National Service Conscript Registry and death certificates is presented and discussed. Eight Danish total male birth cohorts, totalling 320 162 persons, have been observed as to the occurrence of diabetes mellitus during the first twenty years of life, and it is concluded that the conscript registry represents an ideal basis for case identification, if the individual cases are further elucidated. The material is estimated to be about 95% complete. The main source of error originates from omissions when the registries are scrutinized. The cumulative incidence rates for the birth cohorts range from 1.3 to 3.2 per thousand; in the total material 2.4 per thousand.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Effects of nafenopin, diphenylhydantoin, phenobarbitone and some acetylenes on body composition: is there a relationship between decreased carcass lipid and increased liver size and induction of drug metabolizing enzymes?

Administration of nafenopin, diphenylhydantoin, phenobarbitone or the acetylenes BRL 15268 and BRL 19001 in the diet or, in the case of phenobarbitone, in drinking water reduced the body-lipid content of genetically-obese (ob/ob) mice. These compounds also reduced food intake in ob/ob mice. However, dietary restriction had less effect on body-lipid content than did the compounds. Nafenopin, diphenylhydantoin and BRL 15268 reduced the body-lipid content of normal mice and had no effect on food intake. Each of the compounds that reduced body-lipid content increased the liver weight of normal and ob/ob mice. BRL 15268 and BRL 19001 increased the maximum activity of NADPH oxidase in liver. It is proposed that these reductions in body-lipid content result from the increased metabolic rate involved in enlarging the liver and maintaining its increased size.

Acetylene↗
PubMed1980

The epidemiology of thyrotoxicosis in Denmark. Incidence and geographical variation in the Funen region 1972-1974.

In a study based on a review of all thyroid function tests performed in the Funen region in Denmark over a three-year period, from Jan. 1, 1972 to Dec. 31, 1974, the annual incidence rates of thyrotoxicosis were found to be 46.5/100000 for women and 8.7/100 000 for men. In both sexes the age-specific rates rose with age. An analysis of the geographical distribution of the cases showed a significantly lower incidence rate among women from an urban than from rural areas. It is estimated that the life-time risk of developing thyrotoxicosis is 5% for women and 1% for men and that the prevalence rate of existing and previously diagnosed thyrotoxicosis is 1.4% for Danish women and 0.3% for Danish men.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Epidemiological studies in the Upernavik district, Greenland. Incidence of some chronic diseases 1950-1974.

An epidemiological survey of several chronic diseases in the Upernavik district, Northwest Greenland, is reported. The study population (approx. 1800 inhabitants) is one of the remaining whaling and sealing populations in Greenland. It was observed over the 25-year period 1950-74 as to the incidence of the diseases, which was based on all cases diagnosed in hospital during this period. The disease pattern of the Greenlanders differs from that of West-European populations, having a higher frequency of apoplexy and epilepsy but a lower frequency or absence of acute myocardial infarction, diabetes mellitus, thyrotoxicosis, bronchial asthma, multiple sclerosis and psoriasis. The distribution of cancer types differs from that of the Danish population, but the total incidence of cancer is of the same magnitude. Further comparable studies should be performed in Greenlandic districts that are characterized by more profound changes in life style, in order to elucidate the effect of these changes on the disease pattern.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Biotin-responsive alopecia and developmental regression.

A 10-month-old boy presented with dermatitis and alopecia and became severely hypotonic. Screening for urinary organic acids revealed a large quantity of 3-hydroxyisovaleric acid and raised levels of beta-methylcrotonylglycine and 3-hydroxypropionate. Activities of propionyl CoA carboxylase, beta-methylcrotonyl CoA carboxylase, and pyruvate carboxylase in cultured fibroblasts were normal. Treatment with oral biotin resulted in a dramatic clinical improvement, which might therefore suggest a defect in biotin absorption or transport.

Alopecia↗
PubMed1979

Sensitivity of glucose uptake and lipolysis of white adipocytes of the rat to insulin and effects of some metabolites.

1. Insulin increased glucose uptake and inhibited lipolysis in white adipocytes of the rat over the same concentration range of the hormone: the half-maximal effects were observed at approx. 10 microunits of insulin/ml. Thus, contrary to previous reports, no difference in sensitivity of the two processes to insulin could be found, which suggests that both these effects of insulin are important in increasing the rate of glucose utilization after a meal. 2. Adenosine deaminase, which lowers the concentration of adenosine in the incubation medium, decreased the sensitivity of both processes (lipolysis and glucose uptake) to insulin: this suggests that adenosine increases the sensitivity of both processes. Similarly, lactate and 3-hydroxybutyrate increased the sensitivity of both processes (to the same extent) to insulin. It is suggested that this increased sensitivity will improve the response (of adipose tissue) to insulin on refeeding after a prolonged period of starvation (when the hydroxybutyrate concentration is high), and after a short burst of exercise, when the blood lactate concentration is high and when large amounts of glucose are produced from lactate via gluconeogenesis in the liver.

Adenosine Deaminase↗
PubMed1979

Effects of acetylenedicarboxylate: relationship between decreased carcass lipid and increased liver size and lean body weight.

Potassium acetylenedicarboxylate, when administered in the diet, reduced the body lipid content of normal mice, genetically obese (ob/ob) mice, and their lean (+/?) littermates, and mice made obese by treatment with goldthioglucose. Food intake was unchanged in the lean mice but decreased in the obese mice. Carcass lipid was decreased in genetically obese mice compared to pair-fed controls. Oxygen consumption per mouse was increased in normal mice. The reduction in carcass lipid was not produced in normal mice that were dosed orally or were fed on a diet containing 55 per cent sucrose. Nor was it produced in male castrated mice or streptozotocin-treated mice that were given daily injections of insulin. The reduction in body lipid weight in lean mice was correlated with an increase in liver weight. Liver weight was not increased in genetically obese mice, but there was an increase in lipid-free dry weight. Weight gain was increased in lean mice and decreased in the obese mice compared to ad lib-fed controls. A red colouration of the skin developed in situations where body lipid content was decreased; plasma histamine was increased in lean mice. It is proposed that increased histamine synthesis leads to increased protein turnover and decreased body lipid content.

Adrenalectomy↗
PubMed1978

Suburbia: a small obstetric hospital in Brisbane.

In a small suburban obstetric hospital, during the period from July 1, 1963 to December 31, 1970, 3760 private and intermediate patients were delivered by suburban general practitioners. The number of perinatal deaths in hospital were nine deaths per 1000 births, both live and still. During the same period, 4873 private and intermediate patients were delivered by suburban general practitioners in the private/intermediate section of a large centrally sited obstetric teaching hospital. The number of perinatal deaths in hospital were 18.9 per 1000 births, live and still. The reason for, and the implications of, these results are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Diabetes mellitus among first- and second-degree relatives of early onset diabetics.

This study is based on a material consisting of all first-degree relatives and a group of second-degree relatives (all nieces and nephews) of 187 propositi affected by early onset (i.e. at or prior to 20 years of age) diabetes mellitus, diagnosed before 1946. The incidence of diabetes among the different groups of relatives is expressed as the risk of developing the disease at specified ages. It is concluded that the risk of siblings or children of early-onset diabetics developing the same disease is about ten times that of a normal population chosen for comparison, whereas the risk of siblings developing diabetes later in life does not differ from this normal population. On the basis of the data presented here, combined with reanalyses of previously published data from other authors, it is concluded that early onset and late onset diabetes cannot have an identical genetic background.

Adolescent↗