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Biomedical subjects

A Green

Publications and source records attributed to A Green.

At least 577 records · Page 32Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Effects of heavy alcohol consumption on serum ferritin concentrations.

Serum ferritin and hepatic enzyme concentrations were measured in 30 alcoholic subjects. Both the serum ferritin and gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT) values were raised in 23 subjects and a significant correlation was noted between the two measurements (r = 0,51; P less than 0,01). There was, however, no correlation between the initial serum ferritin concentration and the serum alanine transaminase and serum aspartate transaminase concentrations. The serum ferritin and GGT levels were followed serially during a period of abstinence in 9 subjects; values fell in parallel in all of them. The data indicate that a serum ferritin level above 300 micrograms/l is very unlikely to be the result of alcohol-induced liver damage if the serum GGT value is less than 50 U/l. The combined measurement of serum ferritin and GGT values should therefore prove useful in epidemiological studies concerned with defining the prevalence in different population groups of the HLA-linked iron-loading gene that leads to the clinical disorder of idiopathic haemochromatosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Epidemiological studies of diabetes mellitus in Denmark: 5. Mortality and causes of death among insulin-treated diabetic patients.

A 7-year follow-up study is reported on the prevalent population of all insulin-treated diabetic patients (n = 1499) as of 1 July 1973 in the Funen County, Denmark. The analysis of mortality was based on data from 395 dead and the remaining 1104 living patients. Males had a significantly higher mortality than females and a lower age at onset was associated with a significantly higher mortality. An analysis of the causes of death revealed a higher than expected number of deaths in all categories studied, although the excess mortality was highest for diabetes mellitus itself and cardiovascular diseases. Diabetes mellitus was not notified on 15% of the death certificates, and this under-reporting varied according to duration of the disease and place of death. It is concluded that studies based solely on death certificates will underestimate the mortality of diabetes mellitus, and that further longitudinal studies of well-defined, population-based patient groups are needed to evaluate the determinants of mortality in diabetes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Epidemiological studies of diabetes mellitus in Denmark: 6. Use of hospital services by insulin-treated diabetic patients.

The use of hospital services among insulin-treated diabetic patients was studied in a group of 1499 patients, representing greater than 98% of all prevalent cases as of 1 July 1973 in the Funen County, Denmark, who were followed during a 8 1/2 year period by a record linkage with the regional computerized hospital registration system. On the prevalence date, 26% of the patients (in the age group 0-9 years: 74%) attended a diabetic outpatient clinic. The overall average admission rates for males and females were 0.46 and 0.53 per diabetes-year, respectively, and the average estimated 'hospital bed-day occupancy' rates per diabetes-year were 7.2 and 9.6, respectively. These figures are five times higher than expected from the general population. Diabetes was not recorded as a discharge diagnosis (primary and/or secondary) in 13% of the male and 15% of the female 'hospital bed-day occupancy' rate.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors arising from ganglioneuromas.

Two typical malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (PNST) arising in preexisting ganglioneuromas are described. To the best of our knowledge, this association of tumors has not been reported in detail previously. Neither patient had the stigmata nor family history of Von Recklinghausen's neurofibromatosis. In both cases, the ganglioneuromas evolved from more primitive neuroectodermal tumors (one neuroblastoma, one ganglioneuroblastoma) and both patients developed their malignant PNST at previously irradiated sites. Both patients died within 2 years of the diagnosis of their malignant PNST. The origin of these malignant PNSTs from Schwann cells is supported by an ultrastructural analysis of 27 neuroblastomas, ganglioneuroblastomas, and ganglioneuromas.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

The routine investigation of urinary organic acids in selected paediatric patients: results over a 2 1/2-year period.

Over a 2 1/2-year period 13 patients with inborn errors of organic acid metabolism, excluding undifferentiated lactic acidosis, have been diagnosed in our laboratories. The diagnostic yield in patients who had not previously been investigated by organic acid chromatography was 1 in 25, the majority of cases having presented with metabolic acidosis. A larger number of non-specific abnormalities were also detected. This type of investigation is beset with pitfalls and is extremely labour intensive.

Acidosis↗
PubMed1984

An alternative sampling approach to the study of diabetes prevalence.

Sampling methods hitherto used in epidemiological surveys have generally faced two major sorts of potential bias: a latent period between listing and testing of listed individuals which can cause a misrepresentation of the population under study, compared with the population basis; population migration and death during the study period, which may result in a discrepancy between the population selected for study and the part of the population examined. A Central Population Register, found in all Scandinavian countries, permits an evaluation of the size of these problems of bias and makes it possible to use an alternative sampling method based on test samples successively drawn from the actual dynamic population. The feasibility of this new approach was tested in an epidemiological survey of diabetes mellitus among individuals in the age group 60-74 years living in a Danish municipality (Fredericia). It is concluded that this alternative dynamic method produces a more representative study population with less bias, thanks to the smaller number of deaths and migration among non-responders during the study, than do the methods previously used. Furthermore, the length of the study period, the size of the test samples, as well as the intervals between selecting samples may be adjusted to the capacity available, thus reducing the resources required. By using a correction in the computer program for selecting test sample size, the sex and age profile of the whole study population may be chosen in accordance with the incidence of the disease studied. In the Scandinavian countries a unique possibility exists to carry out prevalence studies on all kinds of diseases by the method described and evaluated here.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

beta-Hydroxybutyrate increases the insulin sensitivity of adipocyte glucose transport at a postreceptor level.

The effect of insulin on glucose transport (2-deoxyglucose uptake) in adipocytes was measured in the absence and in the presence of 10 mM sodium-DL-beta-hydroxybutyrate. The ketone body had little or no effect on the basal or the maximally insulin-stimulated rate of transport. However, beta-hydroxybutyrate potentiated the effect of submaximal concentrations of insulin, i.e., it resulted in a leftward shift in the dose-response curve. The half-maximally effective concentration of insulin was decreased by approximately 30% from 0.58 ng/ml to 0.40 ng/ml. beta-Hydroxybutyrate caused a slight (approximately 10%) increase in 125I-insulin binding to the cells. To determine whether this small increase in insulin binding is responsible for the increased insulin sensitivity in the presence of the ketone, two mimickers of insulin action were used: a serum containing anti-insulin receptor antibodies and hydrogen peroxide. beta-Hydroxybutyrate increased the sensitivity of glucose transport to stimulation by the anti-receptor antibody, demonstrating that insulin itself does not have to be present. beta-Hydroxybutyrate also potentiated the effect of hydrogen peroxide (which acts at a level distal to the insulin receptor) even in cells that had been depleted of insulin receptors by trypsin treatment. Therefore, beta-hydroxybutyrate acts, at least partly, at a post-insulin receptor level. Adenosine increases the insulin sensitivity of adipocytes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

3-Hydroxybutyric Acid↗
PubMed1983

Geographical distribution of cutaneous melanoma in Queensland.

Queensland has the highest incidence of cutaneous melanoma in the world, and the reported incidence has more than doubled in the last 15 years. The general geographical distribution of melanoma patients correlates negatively with latitude on a world scale. This suggests that exposure to solar ultraviolet rays is aetiologically important. The geographical distribution of melanoma patients in Queensland was examined by reviewing the residential addresses of all incident cases in a 12-month period from July 1, 1979, and no association with latitude was found. Rather there was a significantly increased incidence of melanoma in coastal, compared to inland, regions. When the distribution of doses of erythemal solar ultraviolet radiation in Queensland is examined, taking into account the effects of cloud cover, surface reflectance, and human behaviour, the observed regional differences in incidence may yet be explained by the variation in actual exposure to ultraviolet radiation received by the population.

Australia↗
PubMed1983

Glucagon inhibition of insulin-stimulated 2-deoxyglucose uptake by rat adipocytes in the presence of adenosine deaminase.

Effects of adenosine deaminase and glucagon on insulin-stimulated 2-deoxyglucose uptake by rat adipocytes are reported. (1) Adenosine deaminase (10 micrograms/ml) caused a rightward shift in the dose-response curve for the stimulation by insulin of 2-deoxyglucose uptake, but the enzyme did not alter either the basal or the maximally insulin-stimulated uptake rate. (2) In adipocytes obtained from 24 h-starved rats, glucagon inhibited the effect of insulin on 2-deoxyglucose uptake in the presence (but not in the absence) of adenosine deaminase. Basal uptake rates were unaffected. (3) Glucagon inhibited insulin-stimulated 2-deoxyglucose uptake to a greater extent in cells isolated from starved rats than in cells from fed rats. (4) Adipocytes isolated from fed and from starved rats did not differ in their capacity for degradation of 125I-labelled glucagon. The results suggest that adenosine and glucagon are regulators of insulin action in adipose tissue.

Adenosine Deaminase↗
PubMed1983

Catecholamines inhibit insulin-stimulated glucose transport in adipocytes, in the presence of adenosine deaminase.

Epinephrine, norepinephrine and isoproterenol completely inhibited insulin-stimulated 2-deoxyglucose uptake by rat adipocytes, but only when adenosine was prevented from accumulating in the incubation medium by addition of adenosine deaminase. Basal uptake rates were not affected. The effects were not observed in the presence of adenosine deaminase plus N6-phenylisopropyl adenosine (a non-metabolizable adenosine analogue), suggesting that it is the lowered adenosine level rather than the presence of the enzyme itself which allows the catecholamines to inhibit insulin action. The inhibitory effects of the catecholamines were blocked by propranolol but not phentolamine, suggesting that they are mediated via beta-adrenergic receptors.

Adenosine Deaminase↗
PubMed1983

Epidemiological studies of diabetes mellitus in Denmark: 3. Clinical characteristics and incidence of diabetes among males aged 0 to 19 years.

This study presents the clinical-epidemiological analysis of data from 769 individuals, representing greater than 95% of all cases of diabetes mellitus diagnosed during the first 20 years of life among the Danish male birth cohorts 1949-1956 inclusive. It is concluded that except for a very few, all cases of diabetes developing during the first 20 years of life are insulin-dependent with a duration of symptoms less than 2 months before diagnosis in greater than 75% of the cases. The cases were evenly distributed within Denmark at the time of birth as well as of diagnosis, and greater than 98% were admitted to hospital at diagnosis. A relatively higher proportion of cases diagnosed during autumn and winter periods was found, but was not statistically significant. Incidence was analysed in a regression model with age and calendar time as variables; the variation of age at onset was similar to previous studies with a peak at pre-school age and at puberty. Contrary to previous Danish analyses, we found a significant calendar time variation with steadily increasing age-specific incidences from the beginning of 1950s until an apparent maximum in mid-1970s.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Epidemiological studies of diabetes mellitus in Denmark: 4. Clinical characteristics of insulin-treated diabetes.

We report the clinical characteristics of all insulin-treated diabetic patients (783 males and 716 females) living on July 1 1973 in a Danish county. In 18 patients diabetes was believed to be secondary to another disease or condition. Of all patients, 43% of the males and 55% of the females were greater than age 50 years and 42% and 36% of males and females, respectively, had a disease duration of less than 10 years. The overall proportion of patients treated permanently with insulin from diagnosis was 85% and 79% in males and females, respectively, but within the subgroup of patients with current age less than 30 years these proportions were 99% and 96%, respectively. Statistical analysis indicated that insulin-treated diabetes is a clinically heterogeneous group of diseases; thus, low age at onset combined with immediate and permanent insulin treatment delineate one subtype, while relatively high age at onset and late start and/or interruption of insulin treatment delineate other subtype(s). It is estimated that the proportion of patients with truly Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes is greater than 50% in this cross-sectional population of insulin-treated patients.

Adolescent↗