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Biomedical subjects

A Green

Publications and source records attributed to A Green.

At least 379 records · Page 21Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Clarification of the dual task dilemma: lateralized effects for perfunctory and purposeful tasks in left- and right-handed males.

The hypothesis that behavioral asymmetries with the dual task paradigm represent manual dominance was investigated with right- and left-handed males performing verbal and spatial tasks ordered by complexity. Lateralization was assessed for nonideational (perfunctory) and ideational (purposeful) components of tasks with multivariate and ANCOVA procedures. The outcomes of prerequisite tests showed the assumptions for conducting ANCOVA procedures were not satisfied with different handedness groups in the same design. However, results of the multivariate analyses suggest lateralized effects are more likely to represent the cognitive task when interference is high and may represent manual dominance when interference is low.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Acute open reduction and rigid internal fixation of proximal interphalangeal joint fracture dislocation.

We report the application and results of a technique of open reduction and rigid internal fixation of dorsal fracture/dislocation of the proximal interphalangeal joint with an interfragmentary screw in two cases. Articular congruity was restored, and the proximal interphalangeal joint was stabilized. This technique permitted immediate range-of-motion exercises. Excellent results were obtained in both cases. Previous descriptions have not detailed the indications, the surgical approach, or the results of this technique.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

How nurses can ensure the sounds patients hear have a positive rather than negative effect upon recovery and quality of life.

A number of studies imply that control of a patient's auditory environment can generate an improvement in recovery and quality of life. The evidence suggests nurses have the ability to control their patients' auditory environment and in so doing can reduce factors which contribute to physical and psychological instability. Through communication nurses are able to humanise treatment, deter ignorance and cement personal relationships of mutual trust between patients and their families. Reference to nursing unconscious patients in Intensive Therapy Units (ITU) indicates how nurses can relate theory to practice and ensure a positive rather than negative experience of recovery by regulating and influencing the sounds patients hear.

Critical Care↗
PubMed1992

Risk analysis in the development of pterygia.

PURPOSE: No detailed analysis of risk factors in the development of pterygia has been previously performed. In this report, the authors identify and quantify these risk factors. METHODS: In a case-control study, 278 patients treated in a Brisbane hospital for primary pterygium between 1973 and 1978 were compared with a similar number of people without pterygium who were matched for age, race, and sex, using information from a standard questionnaire completed during a personal interview. RESULTS: Risk of pterygium was increased among patients who, in their third decade of life, worked outdoors in an environment with high surface reflectance of ultraviolet light compared with those who worked indoors. The elevation of risk was raised several hundred-fold among those subjects who worked mainly on sand compared with those who worked indoors when results were adjusted for associated risk factors. When risk was measured among subjects who worked in an environment that was mainly concrete, risk was increased almost 20-fold. Those subjects who spent their first 5 years of life at latitudes less than 30 degrees had almost 40 times the risk of pterygium than those living at latitudes greater than 40 degrees; spending the majority of times outdoors in these earliest years was associated with a 20-fold increase in risk of developing pterygium. There was a strong protective element in the wearing of regular glasses, sunglasses, or a hat. CONCLUSIONS: There is a strong suggestion of a causal relationship between ultraviolet light exposure and the development of pterygia during the early years of life and the cumulative exposure over the next 2 to 3 decades in occupations in which there is a high component of reflected ultraviolet light.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Relationships between DNA damage and the survival of radiosensitive mutant Chinese hamster cell lines exposed to gamma-radiation. Part 1: Intrinsic radiosensitivity.

In this study we used the neutral elution technique (at pH 9.6) to compare the efficiency of DNA double-strand break (dsb) induction and cell killing in two radiosensitive Chinese hamster ovary cell lines, EM9 and NM2, and their parent cell line, AA8, after exposure to low doses (2.5-12 Gy) of 137Cs gamma-radiation. The survival curves indicated that at all radiation doses examined EM9 cells were the most radiosensitive and AA8 cells were the least radiosensitive. We found significant differences among the three cell lines in the neutral elution assay. While NM2 cells showed the same immediate postirradiation dose response for DNA damage as the parent cell line, EM9 cells showed a two-fold greater elution rate than AA8 cells per unit dose. Either the dsb induction efficiency was greater in EM9 than in AA8 cells, or the same frequency of dsb in EM9 and AA8 cells gave rise to a different DNA elution rate, perhaps because of differences in their chromatin structure. We also used a mitotic selection technique to examine the duration of the gamma-ray-induced mitotic delay in the three cell lines. Mitotic delay was less severe in NM2 cells than in AA8 cells, but was significantly longer in EM9 cells than in AA8 cells. Thus the measurements obtained using both neutral elution and mitotic selection suggest that the underlying molecular bases of the radiosensitivity of EM9 and NM2 cells are very different.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

A thermal clearance probe for continuous monitoring of cerebral blood flow.

Thermal clearance has been used as a measure of tissue blood flow for over 60 years. We have developed a probe which can be used to monitor cerebral cortical thermal clearance in patients suffering from acute neurosurgical disorders. Despite its limitations of size, invasiveness, small sample volume, and difficult quantification it has proved a reliable method, showing a good correlation between measured thermal clearance and the onset of clinical signs of ischaemia.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Breast feeding and the development of type 1 diabetes mellitus.

A case-control study was conducted to study the proposed inverse relationship between breast feeding and incidence of Type 1 diabetes mellitus. All Danish diabetic men born in Copenhagen during 1959-1964 and/or residing there for the first year of life (n = 119) were identified and a search made for their post-natal health visitor records. These include data on birth weight, birth length, immunizations, and feeding habits. A total of 77 cases were re-identified. No differences were found with respect to clinical characteristics between these cases and those not identified. For each diabetic subject, two control children with date of birth identical to the diabetic cases were drawn from health visitor records. Cases and controls did not differ with respect to maternal age, or birth weight or length. Overall, the statistical analysis failed to confirm the hypothesis of an association between duration of breast feeding and subsequent diabetes risk.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Hypophosphatasia: a family study involving a case diagnosed from gingival crevicular fluid.

Hypophosphatasia is an inherited disorder characterized by defective mineralization of the skeletal and dental structures of the body and deficient liver/bone/kidney alkaline phosphatase (L/B/K ALP) activity. There has been a tremendous advance in our knowledge of this condition over the last decade due to the advent of highly specific DNA probes and novel microanalytic techniques. The purpose of this paper is threefold: to review the dental aspects of current literature about this rare condition; to present a case (and family study) that was diagnosed in a 5-yr-old boy from 0.14 microliters of gingival crevicular fluid, using a new ultrasensitive chemiluminescent assay for the enzyme alkaline phosphatase; and to provide strong evidence for an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance.

Adamantane↗
PubMed1992

Compliance with dietary goals in a Queensland community.

Dietary goals designed to improve nutritional health and lower the risk of chronic disease have been drawn up in Australia. Compliance with quantified goals was assessed in a random sample of 91 residents of Nambour, a typical community in southeast Queensland. Compliance was highest for alcohol and cholesterol goals. About three-quarters of the sample complied with the goal of limiting alcohol intake to five per cent of energy intake, and over half complied with the goal to limit daily cholesterol intake to less than 300mg. Compliance was lower for total fat and fibre goals. About 40% of the sample complied with the goal of consuming less than 33% of energy as fat or the goal of consuming 30g or more fibre per day. Compliance was slightly better for women than for men. Only a small proportion of the sample complied with goals to increase total carbohydrate intake to 55% or more of energy, or to limit saturated fatty acid intake to 10% of energy. For each of the goals, some were far from complying. In general, compliance with goals was lowest for males under 40 and was also low for women under 40.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Investigation of metabolic disorders resembling Reye's syndrome.

Ten per cent of patients initially reported with Reye's syndrome in the British Isles (1981-91) were subsequently found to have an underlying inherited metabolic disorder (IMD). There was also evidence to suggest that other cases may not have been recognised. The range of metabolic disorders that mimic Reye's syndrome is wide and specialist, often complex, investigations are required to make a specific diagnosis. Those patients presenting with Reye's syndrome-like illness but also with one or more clinical features suggestive of an IMD require particular attention and detailed investigation. Recommendations for specimen collection and investigation are presented.

Decision Making↗
PubMed1992

Intensive enteral feeding in advanced cirrhosis: reversal of malnutrition without precipitation of hepatic encephalopathy.

Ten children with advanced cirrhosis and malnutrition (less than 90% weight for height) were fed for eight weeks with a nasogastric feed comprising whey protein (enriched with branched chain amino acids), fat as 34% medium chain and 66% long chain triglycerides, and glucose polymer. Six of the children were studied for an eight week control period before feeding. Weight, triceps skinfold thickness, mid-arm circumference, mid-arm muscle area, and fasting plasma ammonia and amino acid concentrations were measured before and after the control period and after the consequent feed period. Results showed that despite high energy and protein intakes the children remained malnourished over the control period. All anthropometric indices improved significantly during the feed period, and no child developed clinical encephalopathy. The feed period was associated with a small, and not clinically significant, increase in the plasma ammonia concentration, but no consistent trend in the plasma amino acid concentrations. Thus, in children with advanced hepatobiliary disease awaiting liver transplantation, enteral feeding improved nutritional status without adverse clinical or biochemical effects.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1992

MR lymphography with iron oxide compound AMI-227: studies in ferrets with filariasis.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to assess the MR lymphographic potential of AMI-227 to reduce the signal intensity of hyperplastic inflammatory lymph nodes by using ferrets with filariasis as the animal model. Both interstitial and IV modes of administration were studied. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twelve ferrets were infected with the filaria Brugia malayi and six control ferrets were injected with super-paramagnetic iron oxide AMI-227, either interstitially or IV. Signal intensities of the left popliteal lymph node, left hamstring muscle, and left inguinal fat were measured before, 48 hr after, and up to 138 days after contrast injection with the use of both spin-echo and gradient-echo techniques. The signal intensity data were statistically analyzed. The lymph nodes, liver, spleen, and lungs were studied with light and electron microscopy. RESULTS: Forty-eight hours after the interstitial injection of AMI-227, the signal intensities of the ipsilateral popliteal nodes of the infected and control ferrets were significantly reduced (p less than .0005) without significant changes in the signal intensities of the surrounding tissues on both spin-echo and gradient-echo MR images. No nodal signal reduction occurred with the IV route of injection in ferrets. Light microscopy revealed iron to be localized within nodal marginal zones exclusively. Lymphatic trunks were visualized after interstitial injection. Signal reduction persisted to our end point at 138 days. CONCLUSION: AMI-227 shows regional specificity with significant enhancement of nodal structures and demonstrates potential as an interstitial MR lymphographic agent.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Xerostomia in diabetes mellitus.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of xerostomia in a group of ambulatory diabetic patients and to compare the following in patients with and without xerostomia: 1) flow rates of saliva and lacrimal fluid, 2) the presence of other symptoms suggestive of oral and extraoral dryness, 3) indexes of glycemic control, and 4) noninvasive measures of cardiovagal autonomic nervous system function. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Forty adult diabetic patients and an equal number of age- and sex-matched healthy nondiabetic control subjects were studied. Subjects who consumed xerogenic drugs or had other significant diseases were excluded from the study. A questionnaire was administered to all patients, and the following tests were performed: resting and stimulated flow rates on whole saliva; Schirmer's test (lacrimal fluid), serum glucose and HbA1, expiration-inspiration ratio, 30:15 ratio, Valsalva ratio, and the systolic blood pressure response to standing. RESULTS: Forty-three percent of diabetic patients complained of xerostomia, of which 82% were women. The oral dryness was not related to age or the type and duration of diabetes. Symptoms of water loss and oropharyngeal, ocular, and vaginal dryness were much more common in the xerostomic than the nonxerostomic diabetic patients. The salivary flow rates of the diabetic subjects was consistently lower than those of healthy, nondiabetic control subjects. The mean, resting, and whole-saliva flow rate was abnormally low in the diabetic patients who complained of xerostomia; no significant differences were observed for the stimulated salivary and the lacrimal flow rates. Significant inverse relationships were shown between salivary flow and the level of HbA1; none were shown between flow and autonomic function. CONCLUSIONS: Dry mouth is a common complaint among ambulatory diabetic patients. It is strongly associated with objective measurements of poor salivary flow and with other oral and extraoral symptoms of desiccation. The oral dryness is not associated with cardiovagal autonomic system dysfunction but may be due to disturbances in glycemic control.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Stabilized hemoglobins as acellular resuscitative fluids.

This study reports some recent work dealing with the stabilization of the tetramers of hemoglobin. It is shown that by using a variety of diacids, it is possible to increase the P50 above that of stroma free hemoglobin. In order to lengthen the retention times in the circulatory system, the stabilized hemoglobins were complexed with both hydroxyethyl starch polymers and polyol tetronic polymers. The resulting hemoglobin-polymer compounds were then freeze-dried. It was possible to reconstitute the powder by the addition of physiological saline when needed. The methods presented here appear to be appear to be as effective as using pyridoxal phosphate but at a fraction of the cost.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Changing patterns in incidence of non-melanoma skin cancer.

Surveillance of skin cancer is important to evaluate prevention programmes and to monitor the effect of stratospheric ozone depletion. Evidence available from a limited number of studies suggests that incidence rates of basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma have been increasing for at least two decades. In white populations in the United States, Canada and Australia, average annual increases of 3%-7% for basal cell carcinoma and 2%-8% for squamous cell carcinoma have been observed, though variation in ascertainment levels or changes in treatment practices during the study periods may have contributed to these apparent changes in incidence patterns.

Australia↗