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Biomedical subjects

A Gray

Publications and source records attributed to A Gray.

At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Liquid preservation of baboon red blood cells in acid-citrate-dextrose or citrate-phosphate-dextrose anticoagulant: effects of washing liquid-stored red blood cells.

Autologous baboon RBC stored at 4 C in acid-citrate-dextrose (ACD) or in citrate-phosphate-dextrose (CPD) for 3 weeks after collection had 24-hour 51Cr posttransfusion survival values of about 77%. When 20-day-old ACD and CPD baboon RBC were washed and then stored at 4 C for 24 hours before autotransfusion, the 24-hour 51Cr posttransfusion survival values were about 81%. These values were similar to those seen in studies of human RBC preserved in an identical manner. Our results indicated that the baboon can be used to evaluate RBC preservation techniques before human volunteers are studied.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Measurement of red blood cell volume, plasma volume, and total blood volume in baboons.

Red blood cell volume was measured directly in baboons by infusion of 51Cr-labeled autologous RBC, and was indirectly estimated from the plasma volume measured with 125I-labeled albumin and the total body hematocrit. The total body hematocrit was calculated from the peripheral venous hematocrit multiplied by a correction factor; for nonanemic baboons the correction factor was 0.87, and for anemic baboons, 0.75. Within 2 weeks after the phlebotomy (150 ml of blood), the baboon's RBC volume was restored to normal. Posttransfusion survival of baboon RBC can be measured accurately in nonanemic baboons; the preserved RBC can be labeled with 51Cr and the RBC volume of the baboon can be measured indirectly from the plasma volume measured with 125I-labeled albumin and the total body hematocrit.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Freeze-preserved baboon red blood cells: effects of biochemical modification and perfusion in vitro.

Nonrejuvenated and rejuvenated baboon RBC were freeze-preserved with 40% (w/v) glycerol at -80 C. To prepare rejuvenated RBC, a 50-ml solution containing pyruvate, inosine, glucose, phosphate, and adenine was used and RBC were incubated with this solution before glycerolization and freezing. Appropriate steps were taken to minimize osmotic damage to the RBC during glycerolization and deglycerolization. Nonrejuvenated and rejuvenated cryopreserved RBC had freeze-thaw recovery values of 98%, freeze-thaw-wash recovery values of 92%, and 24-hour post-transfusion survival values of 85%. Some units of cryopreserved RBC were autotransfused after thawing, washing, and storage at 4 C for 24 hours. Other units were perfused in vitro before autotransfusion. After 24 hours of postwash storage, the RBC were concentrated by centrifugation and suspended in a plasma protein fraction and/or an electrolyte solution, and then were exposed to extracorporeal perfusion. Serious adverse effects were not observed on posttransfusion survival, function, or hemolysis in nonrejuvenated or rejuvenated baboon RBC as a result of perfusion in vitro.

2,3-Diphosphoglycerate↗
PubMed1980

The prevalence of ischaemic heart disease risk factors in middle-aged White miners.

The prevalence of ischaemic heart disease (IHD) risk factors was studied in a random sample of 3930 White miners, aged 45 - 62 years, of whom 202 had evidence of a definite or probable myocardial infarct (MI) on electrocardiographic and chest pain criteria. Ninety-two were classified as "suspect" MI cases and were excluded from the study. The prevalence of the major IHD risk factors (mildly elevated serum total cholesterol levels and blood pressure, and cigarette-smoking) in the 3636 White miners who had not had Mls did not differ from those in comparable populations in the UK, USA and Australia, nor did those of secondary IHD risk factors (elevated blood glucose and plasma uric acid levels and being overweight) differ in the various populations. There was, however, a relatively high percentage of middle-aged White miners with two (25.2%) and three (4.4%) simultaneous IHD risk factors. Such men have a much higher probability of an MI within 8 years than men with no IHD risk factors. This study indicates that 770 out of every 1000 middle-aged White miners would have one or more major IHD risk factors; of these, 252 would have two risk factors and 44 three risk factors. This finding points to the urgent need for an intervention programme for the early detection and prevention of IHD risk factors.

Blood Glucose↗
PubMed1980

Genetic variation in the human insulin gene.

Four recombinant lambda phages containing nucleotide sequences complementary to a cloned human preproinsulin DNA probe have been isolated from human DNA. Restriction analyses in conjunction with Southern hybridizations reveal two types of gene sequences. One isolate of each type was subjected to complete nucleotide sequence determination. The sequences contain the entire preproinsulin messenger RNA region, two intervening sequence. 260 nucleotides upstream from the messenger RNA capping site, and 35 nucleotides beyond the polyadenylate attachment site. Our results strongly suggest that these two gene types are allelic variants of a single insulin gene.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1980

Nucleotide sequence of human preproinsulin complementary DNA.

Recombinant bacterial plasmids that contain DNA complementary to human preproinsulin messenger RNA have been constructed. One clone contains the entire preproinsulin coding region, as well as the 3' untranslated region of the messenger RNA and eight nucleotides of the 5' untranslated region. Additional sequence information for the 5' untranslated region was obtained with the use of insulinoma messenger RNA in conjunction with specific primers from the cloned DNA for enzymatic chain termination sequence analysis. The results confirm the amino acid sequence of human proinsulin previously determined, and predict the amino acid sequence of the human preproinsulin signal peptide.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1980

Immunoperoxidase EM localisation of cytoplasmic actin in cultured fibroblasts.

Human smooth muscle autoantibody (SMA) of defined anti-actin specificity was tested by the indirect immunoperoxidase staining method on frozen sections of tissues and on cultured rat lung fibroblasts. The serum stained tissue sections and cultured fibroblasts in a pattern identical with that obtained by indirect immunofluorescence. Ultrastructural studies carried out on the immunoperoxidase stained cells showed that the long parallel filaments spanning the long axis of cultured fibroblasts seen by light microscopy correspond with the thick bundles of microfilaments.

Actins↗