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Biomedical subjects

A Grant

Publications and source records attributed to A Grant.

At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

The Oxford Database of Perinatal Trials: developing a register of published reports of controlled trials.

A database of perinatal trials is currently being established to provide a resource for reviews of the safety and efficacy of interventions used in perinatal care and to foster cooperative and coordinated research efforts in the perinatal field. The database will ultimately comprise four main elements: a register of published reports of trials; a register of unpublished trials; a register of ongoing and planned trials; and data derived from pooled overviews (meta-analyses) of trials. This article describes the development of the first of these four elements.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed1986

Vacuum extraction: a randomized controlled comparison of the New Generation cup with the original Bird cup.

A new design of vacuum extractor cup--'the New Generation cup'--has recently been introduced into clinical practice. Its major modification is a traction cord which passes around the rim of the cup for 180 degrees and is free to slide within the rim. Claims that this design 'enables the operator to pull obliquely without causing the cup to tilt' and thereby 'reduces failure rates, reduces the incidence of scalp trauma and increases operator confidence' have been evaluated in a randomized controlled trial. 123 women with singleton pregnancies of 37 completed weeks or more, with a cephalic presentation and for whom a decision to deliver by vacuum extraction had been taken, were randomly allocated to the 'New Generation' cup or BIRD's original vacuum extractor cup; 50 mm anterior and posterior cups were used in both groups as appropriate. The two groups were comparable at entry and delivered by obstetricians of similar status. The two types of cup were similar in respect of number of failures to deliver with the vacuum extractor, correct positioning of the cup, number of pulls required for delivery and time taken to expedite delivery. Cup detachments occurred in nine cases allocated to the 'New Generation' cup compared with four allocated to the original BIRD cup. The babies in the two groups were in similar condition at birth and sustained similar amounts of scalp trauma. Neonatal jaundice, both clinical and biochemical, was more common in babies delivered with the 'New Generation cup' and this was reflected in greater use of phototherapy in this group. Operators were equally divided in their preference of cup.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Follow up of babies delivered in a randomized controlled comparison of vacuum extraction and forceps delivery.

Babies delivered in a randomized controlled comparison of vacuum extraction vs. forceps delivery were reassessed at 9 months of age. There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups as regards head circumference, weight, or head circumference to weight ratio, nor in the results of hearing and vision tests. The reasons for hospital readmission, pediatric follow-up and parents' and health visitors' worries appeared to be unrelated to the mode of delivery in nearly all cases. The finding in the original trial that neonatal jaundice was more common following vacuum extraction was reinforced by an additional case of jaundice in the vacuum extractor group which had necessitated readmission to hospital.

Child Development↗
PubMed1986

A randomized comparison of glycerol-impregnated chromic catgut with untreated chromic catgut for the repair of perineal trauma.

Glycerol-impregnated chromic catgut and untreated chromic catgut were compared in a randomized controlled trial involving 737 consecutive women who required repair of perineal trauma following spontaneous vaginal delivery. Medical staff preference was equally divided between the two materials. More untreated chromic catgut sutures required removal both by 10 days and by 3 months postpartum. Women whose perineal trauma was repaired with glycerol-impregnated chromic catgut were 10% more likely to have perineal pain at 10 days and 33% more likely to suffer from dyspareunia in the 3 months following delivery. The high rates of maternal morbidity associated with glycerol-impregnated chromic catgut appear to preclude its use for perineal repair.

Catgut↗
PubMed1986

Enhanced plasminogen activator production by highly metastatic variant cell lines of a rat mammary adenocarcinoma.

Highly metastatic cell lines have been isolated from lung foci formed by the intravenous injection of large numbers (5 X 10(6)) of cells of a poorly metastatic rat mammary adenocarcinoma (DMBA-8). The metastatic variant lines were phenotypically different and, unlike the parent line, produced high levels of plasminogen activator (PA) separable into three major bands (MW 30,000, 48,000 and 83,000) on SDS-PAGE. It is suggested that PA may play a role in the enhanced metastatic ability of these cells. Using parallel DMBA-8 clones the rate of generation of the metastatic variant cells was estimated, by fluctuation analysis, to be approximately 1.85 X 10(-6) per cell generation.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1985

The Dublin randomized controlled trial of intrapartum fetal heart rate monitoring.

In a randomized controlled trial involving 12,964 women, a policy of continuous electronic intrapartum fetal heart monitoring was compared with an alternative policy of intermittent auscultation, both policies including an option to measure fetal scalp blood pH. Women allocated to electronic fetal heart monitoring had shorter labors and received less analgesia. The caesarean delivery rates were 2.4% for electronic fetal heart monitoring and 2.2% for intermittent auscultation but this small difference arose from the identification of nearly twice as many fetuses with low scalp pH (less than 7.20) in the electronic fetal heart monitoring group. The forceps delivery rate was 8.2% in the electronic fetal heart monitoring group compared with 6.3% in the intermittent auscultation group, and this excess was explained by more instrumental deliveries prompted by fetal heart rate abnormalities. There were 14 stillbirths and neonatal deaths in each group, with a similar distribution of causes. There were no apparent differences in the rates of low Apgar scores, need for resuscitation, or transfer to the special care nursery. Cases of neonatal seizures and persistent abnormal neurological signs followed by survival were twice as frequent in the intermittent auscultation group, and this differential effect was related to duration of labor. Follow-up at 1 year of babies who survived neonatal seizures revealed three clearly abnormal infants in each group. The implications of these findings for both theory and practice are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Human tumour cell lines established in vitro from tumours after long-term passage as nude mouse xenografts. Comparative fingerprinting of their concanavalin-A acceptor glycoproteins.

Two human colon cancer xenografts (EC and AC) were established in tissue culture only after long-term passage in nude mice. Earlier attempts to establish cell lines were unsuccessful. The epithelioid cells retain their tumourigenicity after in vitro growth, giving rise to tumours with a take rate of 60-80%. After reimplantation, the xenografts retain a similar morphology to that of the original human tumours. Both cell lines show human karyology. Comparative mapping of Concanavalin-A acceptor glycoproteins provides a fingerprint characteristic of each cell line. These glycoprotein patterns are similar to those shown by HT-29, an established colon cancer cell line.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

An inhibitor of plasminogen activator produced by tumour cell fusion hybrids.

Expression of plasminogen activator (PA) activity may be an important factor in the ability of tumour cells to metastasize; however, not all metastatic cells produce detectable PA activity. Conditioned culture media from revertant metastatic clones of cells derived by fusion of metastatic and non-metastatic rat mammary adenocarcinoma cells were found to contain a potent inhibitor of PA. This inhibited thrombin, human urokinase (UK) and tumour-derived PA, but not plasmin or trypsin. Inhibition was still obtained after polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS-PAGE) of mixtures of PA and inhibitor, followed by development of PA activity on fibrin overlays. The PA inhibitor eluted from Sephadex G-200 over a broad M.wt. range (35,000-80,000) and was inactivated by heating to 70 degrees for 30 min. The appearance of inhibitory activity in the culture media was time-dependent and could be reduced by incubation of cells with cycloheximide. Because of these findings, the possible presence of inhibitors should be considered in investigations into the role of PA in the metastatic process.

Adenocarcinoma↗