Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

A Gould

Publications and source records attributed to A Gould.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Antigen specificity of the ovine cytotoxic T lymphocyte response to bluetongue virus.

Bluetongue virus (BTV), an arbovirus transmitted by midges, can cause serious disease in sheep. Both virus neutralizing antibody and cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) have been shown to have a role in protective immunity. In this study, the antigen specificity of CTL from BTV-immune sheep has been determined using recombinant vaccinia viruses expressing individual BTV antigens. The results show that, in the sheep studied thus far, the serotype-specific outer coat protein, VP2, and the non-structural protein, NS1 are major immunogens for CTL, with VP5 (an outer coat protein) and NS3 being minor immunogens. No VP7 (a major group-reactive inner coat protein) specific CTL were detected. The CTL from sheep immunized with serotype 1 were cross-reactive and able to recognize target cells infected with other BTV serotypes. Further work demonstrated that the cross-reactive CTL recognized NS1, but not VP2.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Effects of SCH 34826, an orally active inhibitor of atrial natriuretic peptide degradation, in healthy volunteers.

Atrial natriuretic peptide is cleared from plasma by clearance receptors and by enzymatic degradation by way of a neutral metalloendopeptidase. Inhibition of neutral metalloendopeptidase activity appears to provide an interesting approach to interfere with metabolism of atrial natriuretic peptide to enhance the renal and haemodynamic effects of endogenous atrial natriuretic peptide. In this study, the effects of SCH 34826, a new orally active neutral metalloendopeptidase inhibitor, have been evaluated in a single-blind, placebo-controlled study involving eight healthy volunteers who had maintained a high sodium intake for 5 days. SCH 34826 had no effect on blood pressure or heart rate in these normotensive subjects. SCH 34826 promoted significant increases in excretion of urinary sodium, phosphate, and calcium. The cumulative 5-hour urinary sodium excretion was 15.7 +/- 7.3 mmol for the placebo and 22.9 +/- 5, 26.7 +/- 6 (p less than 0.05), and 30.9 +/- 6.8 mmol (p less than 0.01) for the 400, 800, and 1600 mg SCH 34826 doses, respectively. During the same time interval, the cumulative urinary phosphate excretion increased by 0.3 +/- 0.4 mmol after placebo and by 1.5 +/- 0.3 (p less than 0.01), 1.95 +/- 0.3 (p less than 0.01), and 2.4 +/- 0.4 mmol (p less than 0.001) after 400, 800, and 1600 mg SCH 34826, respectively. There was no change in diuresis or excretion of urinary potassium and uric acid. The natriuretic response to SCH 34826 occurred in the absence of any change in plasma atrial natriuretic peptide levels but was associated with a dose-dependent elevation of urinary atrial natriuretic peptide and cyclic guanosine monophosphate.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1990

Evaluating the outcomes of AIDS education.

AIDS provides a unique challenge to health educators, requiring continuous evaluation and modification of educational strategies. Pretest and posttest questionnaires were thus used to assess the outcomes of AIDS training sessions. Results show that hour-long sessions result in knowledge acquisition and increased confidence among a demographically representative sample of 3,966 U.S. trainees. Results also reveal the dynamic nature of a training session, with some trainees exhibiting learning and others retaining either correct or incorrect responses or changing from one incorrect to another incorrect answer. Content areas that showed the most learning were sharing a glass or food with and being sneezed on by someone infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Areas resistant to learning included the possibility of transmission from receiving blood transfusions, eating in a restaurant where a cook is infected, being bitten by a mosquito, giving mouth-to-mouth resuscitation, and providing first aid to someone infected. Repeat training sessions that take into account affective dimensions as well as the diverse needs of adult learners are recommended.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1989

Cleaning the people's home: recent developments in Sweden's addiction policy.

Legislation has recently been passed in the Swedish parliament to criminalize drug use and widen the powers of the authorities to take adult alcoholics and drug addicts into care. The arguments and debates that have led to these measures are described, drawing on official reports, legislative proposals and parliamentary proceedings. The Swedish attempt to create a drug-free society is linked with recent economic problems, a temperance tradition, and a strong cultural desire for order. These have contributed towards a climate which two pressure groups in particular have manipulated to their advantage.

Alcoholism↗
PubMed1982

Kinetics of protein-mediated transfer of rat pancreatic microsomal phosphatidylinositol to liposomes.

Pancreatic microsomes were isolated from fasted and pilocarpine-injected rats and the microsomal phosphatidylinositol radiolabelled with myo-[2-3H]inositol by isotopic exchange. A standard reaction mixture was established in which partially purified rat liver phosphatidylinositol exchange proteins sustain a maximal rate of phosphatidylinositol transfer from rat pancreatic microsomes to liposomes. Determination of the transfer kinetics shows (1) that pancreatic microsomal phosphatidylinositol is partitioned approximately equally between a non-exchangeable and a single exchangeable pool and (2) that cholinergic stimulation does not significantly change the relative sizes of the two pools nor the exchange half-life of the latter pool.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Effects of amiloride on oral glucose loading, serum potassium, renin, and aldosterone in diet-controlled diabetes.

The effects of amiloride on oral glucose loading, serum potassium, renin, and aldosterone were evaluated in 10 patients with diet-controlled diabetes. Eight had mild hypertension, and 2 had normal blood pressure. Prior to receiving amiloride all were studied for renin and aldosterone responses while supine and after 2 hr ambulation. All had a normal response to change in position in the renin and aldosterone systems. Before administration of amiloride glucose tolerance tests were carried out, with simultaneous determinations for potassium and insulin. Amiloride 5 to 10 mg was given orally for 6 wk. Blood glucose and serum potassium levels were monitored weekly. After 6 wk renin and aldosterone responses were again determined, as were oral glucose tolerance and serum potassium and serum insulin levels. Amiloride did not induce hyperkalemia in these diabetic patients and did not alter the postamiloride relationship. It is concluded that amiloride is safe for patients with an intact renin aldosterone system, more especially those with normal renal function and diet-controlled diabetes mellitus.

Aldosterone↗