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Biomedical subjects

A Goudeau

Publications and source records attributed to A Goudeau.

180 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

[Vaccination against hepatitis B in man].

The preparation of a vaccine against hepatitis B is described. The vaccine is prepared from the HB viral coat (HBs Ag) purified and formalin inactivated. The HBs Ag is isolated and purified from the blood of healthy HBs Ag positive donors by means of an immunoadsorbent technique. The inocuity and efficacy were tested on chimpanzees. Vaccination was then applied in an attempt to protect patients and ward staff in a high risk haemodialysis unit. The efficacy of the vaccine was assessed by humoral and cellular anti-HBs immune reactions. The study of HBs antigenaemia in vaccinated and non-vaccinated subjects indicate that this vaccine protects against hepatitis B. Many arguments are in favor of aetiological role of the hepatitis B virus in the genesis of primary liver cancer in tropical areas. Immunization against hepatitis B could be the first example of prevention of a potentially oncogenic viral infection.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Immunisation against hepatitis B in man.

An inactivated vaccine against hepatitis B was prepared from blood-donor HBs antigen purified on immunoadsorbents. Its safety and efficacy were tested in chimpanzees. Vaccination was then applied in an attempt to protect patients and staff in a haemodialysis unit. The efficacy of the vaccine in man was assessed by observing humoral and cellular immune reactions and by comparing changes in HBs antigenaemia in vaccinated and non-vaccinated subjects. The results indicate that this vaccine protects against hepatitis B in the circumstances in which it was administered.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Automated complement fixation test for the detection of antibodies against the core of hepatitis B virus (HBc).

The automated complement fixation system presented in this paper differs from those described by Studievic et al. (1971) and Vargues and Henley (1974). In the one developed here only one sampler is used with a wheel presenting a double row of cups. This system can assay 60 samples per h and can be modified to double this number. Our unit requires an incubation period of 15 min at 37 degrees C and we have nerver observed any contamination of the samples during the assay run.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1975

Isolation of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) by affinity chromatography on antibody-coated immunoadsorbents.

Hepatitis tb surface antigen (HBsAg) was isolated from human serum by two steps of affinity chromatography on antibody-coated gels. HBsAg-positive serum was passed through a column packed with guinea pig anti-HBsAg antibodies covalently bound to CNBr-activated beaded agarose gel. The majority of non-specifically bound proteins was removed by washing the gel with increased concentrations (0.5 M) of NaCl in Tris buffer. Elution of the specifically bound HBsAg was carried out with 3 M NaSCN. Residual normal human serum proteins present in the eluate were removed by passing the partially purified HBsAg through an immunoadsorbent coated with rabbit antibodies directed against human serum proteins. After this treatment normal human serum proteins could no longer be demonstrated by passive hemagglutination in the isolated HBsAg. Cross-reactions between HBsAg and normal human serum proteins could not be demonstrated. Both antibody-coated immunoadsorbents could be used over ten times without significant loss of their binding capacity.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Multivariate analysis of prognostic factors in fulminant hepatitis B.

We assessed prognostic factors in 115 patients with serologically defined fulminant hepatitis B. The diagnosis in each case was based on the finding of IgM antibody to the hepatitis B core antigen in serum. Multivariate analysis showed that factor V level (p less than 0.001), patient's age (p = 0.001), absence of detectable HBsAg by radioimmunoassay (p = 0.06) and serum alpha-fetoprotein concentration (p = 0.07) were independent predictors of survival. The survival rate in the 21 patients in whom HBsAg was not detected was 47%, which was significantly higher than the survival rate of 17% observed in the 94 HBsAg-positive patients (p = 0.006). In patients with fulminant hepatitis B, the absence of HBsAg in serum as detected by radioimmunoassay has an independent, favorable prognostic value.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Molecular identification of species within the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex using regions of difference].

The differentiation within the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) based on phenotypic methods is long and does not give an unambiguous result in every case whereas the advance in genetic knowledge leads to new views. Thus, regions of difference (RD), that seem to characterize the species of the MTBC, have been identified. Amplification methods, targeted on these zones, have been developed then. The study of four regions (RD1, RD5, RD9, RD10) has been done on 64 isolates formerly identified thanks to phenotypic methods. Genotypic results confirm phenotypic identifications except in one case. This strain initially identified as M. tuberculosis and isolated from a Gabonese patient, corresponds, according to genotypic identification, to M. africanum. Since phenotypic characterization of M. africanum is difficult, this method would allow to accurately determine the true prevalence of this specie. Moreover, the study of RD10 doesn't seem to be informative. The amplification of only two RD, RD1 and RD9 carries out the identification of all M. tuberculosis and M. bovis BCG isolates. M. bovis and M. africanum will be then identified thanks to RD5. Thus, this easy and rapid method of identification of the major species of MTBC seems to be appropriated for a routine use.

Antitubercular Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Comparison of sensitivity and specificity of counter electrophoresis, complement fixation and radioimmunoassay for detecting antibodies against hepatitis B core antigen.

Sensitivity and specificity of anti-HBc detection by counter-immunoelectrophoresis (CEP), complement fixation (CF) and radioimmunoassay (RIA) tests were compared in sera from 69 patients with chronic hepatitis, 61 black African people suffering from primary hepatocellular carcinoma and 50 controls composed of French country people. CEP and CF tests gave the same results in detecting anti-HBc antibodies. The RIA test was found to be more sensitive and seems to be more specific than CEP and CF.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Hepatitis B vaccine: characterization of the polypeptides of hepatitis B surface antigen (author's transl)].

In order to realize a new kind of hepatitis B vaccine, the polypeptide components of the outer-coat of the hepatitis B virus have been studied. The characterization of the polypeptides of purified hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) was performed by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Seven polypeptides were observed, designated P1 to P7, according to their increasing molecular weight: P1 (MW = 24,000), P2 (MW = 32,500) and P6 (MW = 78,000) represented the major components. When the reducing action was increased and followed by alkylation and citraconylation, a single polypeptide of low MW (5,000 less than MW less than 10,000) was isolated from HBsAg.

Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Hepatitis B virus and primary liver carcinoma: evidences for a filiation hepatitis B, cirrhosis and primary liver cancer].

Many arguments have been developed for a filiation hepatitis B, cirrhosis and primary liver cancer (PLC). The hypothesis in favour of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) as an indirect agent of PLC was supported by epidemiological and anatomo-clinical data. The study of the serological markers of HBV has been performed in groups of Senegalese patients who were suffering from hepatitis B, cirrhosis or PLC and two control groups (blood donors and other cancers). The results concern the sequence leeding from hepatitis B to PLC.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Epidemiology and pathologic results of chronic carriers state of hepatitis B in Mali].

The HB antigen of the hepatitis B (HB) virus, studied by counter immunoelectrophoresis shows a prevalence of 8.7% in 1,860 rural Malians and 11.3% in 764 blood donors from Bamako. Amongst 1,350 hospitalised patients, no correlation could be established between the HBs antigen chronic carriers state and other infectious diseases, malnutrition or genetic deficiencies. On the other hand, the prevalence of HBs antigen is particularly high in hepatic infections: acute and chronic hepatitis (53.5%), cirrhosis (31.5%) and hepatomas (25.3%). The study of the prevalence of hepatitis B by radioimmunoassay of the HBV seric markers was carried out in: --176 "healthy" town dwellers of which 97.2% were carriers of at least one marker--HBs Ag: 16.5%; anti-HBc alone: 34.1%; anti-HBs: 46.6%--. --30 subjects with cirrhosis--HBs Ag: 66.7%; anti-HBc alone: 10.0%; anti-HBs: 23.3%--. --42 subjects with PHC--HBs Ag: 47.6%; anti-HBc alone: 23.8%; anti-HBs: 28.6%--. The difference in HBs Ag carrier state between patients (cirrhosis and PHC) and controls, cross-matched for sex and age, is highly significative--p = 0,0001--.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Anti-HCV serology for screening, diagnosis and surveillance of hepatitis C: role of the immunoblot].

Screening for antibody to hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV) is usually carried out using microplate enzyme immunoassays (EIA). According to French Ministry of Health recommendations, any positive or dubious result has to be controlled on a second blood sample with a anti-HCV assay differing from the one used for the initial screening. This second test can either be another EIA or an immunoblot assay. The present article investigates the advantage of a strip immunoblot assay including 4-viral peptides (Riba-3) for this control. The use of Riba for the early diagnosis of hepatitis C infection and for the follow-up of infected patients is also evaluated. Riba can be used to assess false positive EIA reactions, for instance in cases with isolated antibody to NS5. From large clinical series, it appears that positive Riba serum profiles can be divided in two main groups: Strongly positive sera associate at least strong (3 or 4+) anti-capsid and anti-NS3 antibody reactivities. These profiles are often completed by anti-NS4 and/or anti-NS5 reactivities. Such profiles are associated with HCV viremia in about 90% of the cases. In this group, prevalence of viremia reaches 100% in patients with elevated level of serum alanin aminotransferase (ALT) and is slightly less frequent, 85%, in patients with normal level of ALT; Weakly positive sera lack either anti-capsid or anti-NS3 antibodies or exhibit only low reactivities (1+ or 2+) to these two antigens. These profiles can also be associated with antibodies to NS4 and/or NS5. Only 10% of patients with such Riba profiles are viremic. Weakly positive profile can be encountered during the early phase of HCV infection (recent seroconversion) or in patients who experience a favourable evolution of their HCV infection. Change of Riba profiles during follow-up provides fruitful information on recent seroconversions (increase in number and intensity of the reactivities). It can also help predict the outcome of HCV infection, a diminution of the intensity of Riba reactivities will confirm the extinction of viral replication.

Hepatitis C↗