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Biomedical subjects

A Gottlieb

Publications and source records attributed to A Gottlieb.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Detection of a serum DNA-binding protein associated with cancer.

An accompanying report describes the purification and partial characterization of a unique DNA-binding protein (Mr 64,000; pI 5.9) that is present in human sera. This report gives the results of assays of sera from patients for the bleomycin inhibitor protein (BIP) using the Pseudomonas bacteriophage covalently closed circular DNA fluorescence technique standardized for DNA breakage induced by bleomycin. The results of the BIP assays were expressed by values of specific activity of inhibition. One arbitrary unit of inhibitory activity was defined as equivalent to the amount of serum protein required to cause 50% inhibition of DNA degradation using standard conditions of the DNA breakage assay. The mean values of specific activity of inhibition (SAI) for groups of healthy individuals (n = 26), patients with nonmalignant diseases (n = 33), and patients with malignant diseases (n = 83) were 12.60 +/- 4.69 (S.E.), 12.53 +/- 3.17, and 2.40 +/- 0.84 units/mg, respectively. Mean SAI values for patients with cancers of various types were: solid tumors (n = 46), 2.44 +/- 0.86; leukemias (n = 24), 2.59 +/- 0.96; and lymphomas (n = 18), 2.07 +/- 0.64. The decrease in BIP activity was not correlated with sex, age, or prior chemotherapy. Mean SAI values of male (n = 29) and female (n = 59) patients with cancer were 2.61 +/- 0.87 and 2.30 +/- 0.83 units/mg, respectively. Mean SAI values for different age groups were: 0 to 40 years (n = 21), 2.05 +/- 0.68 units/mg; 41 to 70 years (n = 56), 2.59 +/- 0.68 units/mg; and greater than 70 years (n = 11), 2.12 +/- 0.67 units/mg. Cancer patients with and without prior chemotherapy had mean SAI values of 2.97 +/- 0.85 (n = 23) and 2.20 +/- 0.86 units/mg (n = 65), respectively. Linear regression analysis comparing SAI values and serum protein levels showed no correlation (r = 0.21). These results suggest the decrease of the BIP is associated with malignant disease. Additional controlled studies are required before the significance of this association can be adequately assessed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Cytosine arabinoside with daunorubicin or adriamycin for therapy of acute myelocytic leukemia: a CALGB study.

A randomized comparison of the relative efficacy and toxicity of daunorubicin (DNR) at 30 or 45 mg/sq m or adriamycin (ADM) at 30 mg/sq m, given on the first 3 days of a 7-day continuous infusion of cytosine arabinoside (ara-C) at 100 mg/sq m/day, shows the outcome to be dependent on anthracycline, dose, and patient age. DNR 45 is significantly better than DNR 30 or ADM 30 for inducing complete remissions (CR) in patients younger than 60 yr, (72%, 59%, 58% CRs, respectively). DNR 30 is better than DNR 45 or ADM 30 for inducing CR in patients older than 60 yr (47%, 31%, 35%, respectively). There was a corresponding shift in the induction mortality for the age, dose, and anthracycline groups. Adriamycin was significantly more toxic to the gastrointestinal tract than daunorubicin. The duration of complete remission, with cyclic courses of maintenance therapy, was independent of the patient's age, the dose, or choice of anthracycline used in induction, and of whether the maintenance courses were given every 4 wk or every 8 wk.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

MER immunotherapy and combination chemotherapy for advanced, recurrent Hodgkin's disease. Cancer and Leukemia Group B study.

The effects of chemotherapy and chemoimmunotherapy in previously treated advanced Hodgkin's disease were evaluated in a randomized study of 167 patients by CALGB. Combination chemotherapy consisted of treatment with one of three regimens with further randomization of MER (methanol extraction residue BCG) immunotherapy or no MER during chemotherapy. CVPP (CCNU, vinblastine, procarbazine, prednisone) was compared to a new combination, BAVS (bleomycin, Adriamycin, vincristine, streptozotocin), and to a third regimen consisting of alternating cycles of CVPP and BAVS. At the current analysis there is no significant difference in complete responses among the chemotherapy regimens. MER did not improve complete response frequency and was associated with significantly poorer survival for patients previously treated with chemotherapy. There was also no benefit with MER for patients with at least one pretreatment positive skin test. Because of the documented lack of therapeutic benefit and the morbidity of painful ulcers, MER treatment has been discontinued.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Bystander anonymity and reactions to emergencies.

The impact of anonymity on bystander reactions to emergencies and on the timing of bystander decision-making was investigated in two laboratory experiments. The experiments differed in the nature of the emergency developed from relative ambiguity to unequivocal clarity concerning the victim's need for help. In both experiments, an additional bystander's awareness of the emergency and the subject's anonymity were crossed in a 2 X 2 factorial design. Anonymity vis-à-vis the victim had no effects on helping. Anonymity vis-à-vis the other bystander did affect helping, apparently by reducing evaluation apprehension. Whether evaluation apprehension enhances or inhibits helping depends on the expectations attributed to other bystanders. Anonymity may also inhibit helping by reducing involvement. The timing of effects suggests that when emergencies are ambiguous, anonymity (through reduced involvement) delays making the decision regarding whether help is appropriate. Once emergencies are clear, anonymity (through evaluation apprehension) influences the decision regarding one's own obligation to intervene.

Decision Making↗
PubMed1977

Combination chemotherapy and radiotherapy in small-cell carcinoma of the lung.

A combination of chemotherapy (Cytoxan, vincristine, and CCNU) and radiation therapy was used to treat 37 patients with small-cell carcinoma of the lung. There was 49% complete remission and an overall 76% objective response with an overall median survival of 12.5 months and 17 months for those showing a complete response. No serious morbidity was observed.

Carcinoma, Small Cell↗
PubMed1977

Rodent brain growth stages: an analytical review.

Study of data in the literature on rat and mouse brain growth from birth to weaning reveals a stagewise growth in average brain weight. Rapid growth occurs in the intervals between days 0-6, 8-12, and 17-23 after birth. Slow growth periods then lie in the intervals 6-8, 12-17, and after 23 days. The first slow growth period is signalled by events occurring at its end: substantial acceleration of synthesis of RNA, DNA, protein, and myelin. The second slow growth period is characterized by at least a 3-day interval during which there is very little increase in average brain weight compared with what occurs just before and just after that period; the correlation among 12 studies is highly significant. Implications are discussed for cross-species' extrapolation of findings about brain development.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1976

Bystander reactions to a violent theft: crime in Jerusalem.

Seventy-two male Israeli students were exposed to a violent crime in the course of a bogus discussion. Their awareness of other bystanders' lack of reaction to the emergency (social influence) and others' awareness of their actions (evaluation apprehension) were crossed in a 2 X 2 factorial design. An "alone" condition in which the subject was the only bystander controlled for the effects of others' mere presence (diffusion of responsibility). Helping was reduced by diffusion of responsibility and slowed by negative social influence but was increased by evaluation apprehension. Differences traceable to social influence appeared prior to those from the other processes. Implications of these findings for the measurement of helping and the interpretation of bystander decision making are discussed.

Awareness↗