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Biomedical subjects

A Goswami

Publications and source records attributed to A Goswami.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

Serum and urinary magnesium in young diabetic subjects in Bangladesh.

BACKGROUND: Magnesium imbalance, implicated in diabetes mellitus both as a cause and a consequence, has not yet been investigated in subgroups of subjects with malnutrition-related diabetes mellitus. which is prevalent in young patients in tropical developing countries such as Bangladesh. OBJECTIVE: The present study evaluated the serum and urinary magnesium concentrations in groups of young diabetic subjects in Bangladesh. DESIGN: Forty patients newly diagnosed with diabetes [13 with fibrocalculus pancreatic diabetes (FCPD), 13 with protein-deficient diabetes (PDDM), and 14 with type 2 diabetes mellitus] were studied along with 13 healthy control and 13 malnourished control subjects [body mass index (in kg/m2) < 19]. Magnesium was measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. RESULTS: Malnutrition itself was not related to the serum glucose (fasting: 3.68+/-0.74 and 4.11+/-0.29 mmol/L; postprandial: 6.30+/-0.41 and 6.00+/-0.24 mmol/L for healthy and malnourished control subjects, respectively) or serum or urinary magnesium (serum: 0.73+/-0.03 and 0.75+/-0.05 mmol/L: urinary: 232+/-124 and 243+/-88 mmol Mg/mol creatinine for healthy and malnourished control subjects, respectively) concentration. Subjects with FCPD and PDDM had significantly lower serum magnesium concentrations (PDDM: 0.68+/-0.06 mmol/L, FCPD: 0.66+/-0.07 mmol/L) than those in both control groups. In contrast with 0% of healthy and 7.7% of malnourished control subjects, 42.85% of type 2 diabetic subjects, 61.54% of those with PDDM, and 69.23% of those with FCPD were hypomagnesemic. Subjects with FCPD and PDDM had significantly higher urinary excretion of magnesium than the healthy and malnourished control subjects and the type 2 diabetic subjects. Hypermagnesuria paralleled hypomagnesemia. CONCLUSIONS: Malnutrition may not itself give rise to glucose intolerance, and serum magnesium deficiency seems to be a consequence rather than a cause of diabetes mellitus.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Heart rate and blood lactate in 400 m flat and 400 m hurdle running: a comparative study.

This study was conducted on a group of male sprinters (n = 8) to compare heart rate (HR) and blood lactate (La) response in 400 m flat and 400 m hurdle running during weekly trial race. Durations of the flat and hurdle races were 51.65 +/- 1.51 and 58.27 +/- 1.97 sec respectively. Peak HR attained at the end of the flat and hurdle races were 192.4 +/- 5.3 and 193.6 +/- 4.1 beats/min, whereas, average HR during the events were 173.6 +/- 22.6 and 176.7 +/- 19.6 beats/min respectively. La level following the flat event (18.84 +/- 1.57 mmol/L) was found significantly (P < 0.05) higher than the post-hurdle race (16.14 +/- 1.97 mmol/L). The study indicates that cardiovascular stress is similar in both the events although flat race impose higher anaerobic glycolytic demand than hurdle run.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

A new gait parameterization technique by means of cyclogram moments: Application to human slope walking.

A new parameterization technique for the systematic characterization of human walking gait in diverse external conditions is proposed in this work. By parameterization we mean a quantitative expression of certain gait descriptors as the function of an external parameter, such as the ground slope. The mathematical quantifies derived from the geometric features of the hip-knee cyclograms are the main gait descriptors considered in this study. We demonstrate that these descriptors, expressed in a general setting as the geometric moments of the cyclogram contours, can meaningfully reflect the evolution of the gait kinematics on different slopes. We provide a new interpretation of the cyclogram perimeter and discover two potential invariants of slope-walking gait. Experimental slope-walking data obtained for each 1 degrees interval within the range of -13 to +13 degrees (+/-23.1%) on a variable-inclination treadmill was used in this study. The parameterization procedure presented here is fairly general in nature and may be employed without restriction to any closed curve such as the phase diagram, the moment-angle diagram, and the velocity-velocity curves of human gait. The technique may be utilized for the quantitative characterization of normal gait, global comparison of two different gaits, clinical identification of pathological conditions and for the tracking of progress of patients under rehabilitation program. Copyright 1998 Elsevier Science B.V.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1998

Adenomyosis: diagnosis by hysteroscopic endomyometrial biopsy, correlation of incidence and severity with menorrhagia.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the possibility of diagnosing adenomyosis by hysteroscopic endomyometrial biopsy in patients with menorrhagia and to compare the incidence and depth of penetration in patients who did not have menorrhagia. STUDY DESIGN: The study group included 53 patients who had menorrhagia and the control group included patients who were to have hysterectomy for conditions like prolapse uterus. Hysteroscopic endomyometrial biopsy was done in the menorrhagia group. The incidence and depth of penetration of adenomyosis were compared in both the groups using Kruskal Wallis H test. For correlation of severity of menorrhagia with depth of adenomyosis: Student's t-test and ANOVA were used. RESULT: The incidence of adenomyosis was 60% (18 patients) by endomyometrial biopsy in the menorrhagia group as compared to 33.3% in the control group. The mean depth of invasion of myometrium was 4.103 mm in the menorrhagia group and 2.03 mm in the control group. CONCLUSION: There is a definite correlation between menorrhagia and adenomyosis both in incidence and depth of penetration.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Cardiovascular stress and lactate formation during gymnastic routines.

BACKGROUND: Carried out to investigate cardiovascular and metabolic response during various gymnastic routines [Pommel Horse (PH), Roman Ring (RR), Parallel Bar (PB), Horizontal Bar (HB) and Floor Exercise (FE)]. METHODS EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: comparative and randomized. SETTING: General purpose, applicable on gymnastics training. Participants. Five male volunteers drawn from students attending sports coaching course in gymnastics at NIB, Patiala. A mixed population from all over India who had competitive experience of 6 to 10 years. INTERVENTIONS: no interventions. MEASURES: presence of heart rate overshooting, high lactate levels and individual characteristics of the gymnastics routines. RESULTS: In all the routines peak HR was much lower than maximum heart rate (HRmax) of the gymnasts. Mean HR was lowest in first set and highest in the final (3rd set) on all the apparatuses. Highest mean HR was recorded in HB followed by FE, RR, PB and PH respectively. After both first and third sets blood lactic acid (La) was highest in FE followed by RR, PB, HB and PH. La levels following the first set were 7.11, 6.77, 6.23, 5.97 and 5.18 mM/l, respectively. Third set values were 10.54, 10.16, 8.95, 8.74 and 8.04 mM/l. CONCLUSIONS: (a) Cardiovascular load in various gymnastic routines is considerably less than maximal running; (b) HR overshoot is common at the end of all the men's gymnastic routines; training evaluation or performance evaluation in gymnastics through heart rate should consider this fact to avoid any misinterpretation; (c) PH is physiologically least demanding among the five while FE and RR are most stressful; (d) repetition of gymnastic exercise routines with short rest pause may lead the gymnast to reach nearer to his lactate tolerance; (e) gymnastics activity is dominated by anaerobic metabolism.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Characterization of P0, a ribosomal phosphoprotein of Plasmodium falciparum. Antibody against amino-terminal domain inhibits parasite growth.

A cDNA expression clone of the human malarial parasite Plasmodium falciparum, lambdaPf4, which was reactive only to the immune sera and not to the patient sera, has recently been found to be the P. falciparum homologue of the P0 ribosomal phosphoprotein gene. A Northern analysis of the P0 gene revealed the presence of two transcripts, both present in all the different intraerythrocytic stages of the parasite life cycle. A 138-base pair amino-terminal domain of this gene was expressed as a fusion protein with glutathione S-transferase in Escherichia coli. Polyclonal antibodies raised against this domain immunoprecipitated the expected 38-kDa P0 protein from the 35S-labeled as well as 32P-labeled P. falciparum cultures. Monospecific human immune sera affinity-purified using the expression clone lambdaPf4 also immunoprecipitated the same size protein from [35S]methionine-labeled P. falciparum protein extract. Purified IgG from polyclonal antibodies raised against the amino-terminal domain of P0 protein completely inhibited the growth of P. falciparum in vitro. This inhibition appears to be mainly at the step of erythrocyte invasion by the parasites.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Comparative study of lactate removal in short term massage of extremities, active recovery and a passive recovery period after supramaximal exercise sessions.

This investigation highlights the comparison of blood lactate removal during the period of recovery in which the subjects were required to sit down as a passive rest period, followed by active recovery at 30% VO(2)max and short term body massage, as the three modes of recovery used. Ten male athletes participated in the study. Exercise was performed on a bicycle ergometer with loads at 150% VO(2)max, each session lasting 1 min, interspaced with 15 sec rest periods, until exhaustion. Blood lactate concentration was recorded at recovery periods of 0,3, 5, 10, 20, 30, and 40 min, while VO(2), VCO(2) and heart rate were recorded every 30 sec for 30 min. The highest mean lactate value was found after 3 min of recovery irrespective of the type of modality applied. Significantly lower half life of lactate was observed during active recovery (15.7 +/- 2.5 min) period, while short term massage as a means of recovery required 21.8 +/- 3.5 min and did not show any significant difference from a passive type of sitting recovery period of 21.5 +/- 2.8 min. Analysis of lactate values indicated no remarkable difference between massage and a passive type of sitting recovery period. It was observed that in short term massage recovery, more oxygen was consumed as compared to a passive type of sitting recovery. It is concluded from the study that the short term body massage is ineffective in enhancing the lactate removal and that an active type of recovery is the best modality for enhancing lactate removal after exercise.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Immunogenicity of the nonrepetitive regions of the circumsporozoite protein of Plasmodium knowlesi.

The circumsporozoite antigen (CS) of the simian malarial parasite Plasmodium knowlesi consists of tandemly repeated immunodominant peptide units that are variable and may play a role in evading the immune system. To study the immunogenicity of this antigen in the absence of the immunodominant repeats, the entire nonrepetitive region of the antigen was expressed in Escherichia coli as two fusion proteins with glutathione-S-transferase (GST) representing the amino terminal (GST-CSN) and the carboxy terminal domains (GST-CSC) of the CS antigen. The immunogenicity of these fusion proteins was studied in rabbits and different strains of mice. Antibody raised against both the CSN and CSC domains in both rabbits and every strain of mice recognized the native protein, as detected by immunofluorescence assay (IFA) using P. knowlesi sporozoites. A positive IFA reaction was also obtained with P. vivax sporozoites using antisera raised against the CSC domain. High titer antisera were raised in rabbits against both the domains, whereas mice showed comparatively low titers. On Western blots, mice showed specific response against the CSC domain. In both rabbits and mice, significant titers of antibodies were raised against region II, which has been shown to be the putative sporozoite binding site for hepatocytes in the case of P. falciparum.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1996

Profile and characteristics of animals bites in India.

Animal bites and so also the incidence of rabies in India are on rise. There are regional differences in the animal responsible for the bite. Different practices including use of traditional remedies are prevalent for wound treatment. In India this report analyses the profile and characteristics of animal bites in 869 patients from various regions. Apart from dog and cat, other animals such as cow, monkey, horse, pigs, camel were responsible for bite and could be possible vectors in transmission of rabies. Traditional remedies such as application of chilly paste is still practiced in state of Rajasthan.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Matrix modulates uptake of calcium oxalate crystals and cell growth of renal epithelial cells.

Handling of urinary crystals by renal epithelial and medullary interstitial cells may play an important role in the pathogenesis of renal stones and associated renal scarring. We examined the effects of calcium oxalate monohydrate (CaOM) crystals on the proliferative activity of renal tubular cells (opossum kidney) and renal medullary interstitial cells in culture. We also studied the impact of altered extracellular matrix on cell proliferation as well as on uptake of crystals by epithelial cells. Epithelial cells incubated with CaOM showed greater (p < 0.05) growth when compared with untreated cells (control, 10.5 +/- 1.1 versus CaOM, 16.6 +/- 1.6 x 10(6) cells per dish). the CaOM crystal-cell interaction also enhanced proliferation of interstitial cells (at 48 hours, control, 3.3 +/- 0.2 versus CaOM, 4.2 +/- 0.1 x 10(6) cells per dish, p < 0.02; at 72 hours, control, 3.6 +/- 0.3 versus 5.5 +/- 0.4 x 10(6) cells per dish, p < 0.01). Collagen, a constituent of extracellular matrix, inhibited (p < 0.01) proliferation of epithelial cells. Semiconfluent epithelial cells grown on collagen gels showed greater (p < 0.01) uptake of 45CaOM crystals when compared with uptake by cells grown on either uncoated (control) or albumin-coated plastic dishes (control, 979.9 +/- 51.1, albumin, 876.4 +/- 28.3, collagen gel, 1502.5 +/- 103.8 cpm per well). Epithelial cells grown to confluence on collagen gels also showed enhanced (p < 0.05) uptake of 45CaOM crystals. Reflectance microscopy as well as ultrastructural studies revealed intracellular localization of CaOM crystals. These results indicate that CaOM crystals stimulate the growth of both epithelial and interstitial cells. Enhanced growth of interstitial cells may also lead to increased synthesis of extracellular matrix. The latter may further modulate crystal uptake as well as cell growth of adjacent epithelial cells. These findings may be important in the development of nephrolithiasis and associated interstitial scarring.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Heart rate & blood lactate response in amateur competitive boxing.

The heart rate (HR) and blood lactate response were studied on 26 senior national level boxers in competitive bouts to explore the aerobic-anaerobic metabolism as well as the training status of the players. The aerobic capacity (VO2 max) of the players were determined using graded running protocol on a treadmill. Heart rate and blood lactate concentration were measured during warm up and boxing rounds. The mean relative VO2 max of the heavy weight category boxers was lower (P < 0.05) than the other two weight categories. No interweight category as well as inter-round differences were observed in the heart rate and blood lactate concentration of the boxers, excepting in the 48-57 kg category, the mean lactate levels in the second and third rounds were higher (P < 0.05) than in the first round. When all weight categories were pooled the mean HR and blood lactate levels were 178 beats/min and 8.24 mMol/l respectively. The study highlights that in amateur boxing, irrespective of the weight category and aerobic capacity, the anaerobic adaptability of the boxers was the same. The training requirements of the boxers demand that they should be also to tolerate a high blood lactate level (approx. 9.0 mMol/l) and a high HR (approx. 180 beats/min) over a total duration of one bout.

Aerobiosis↗
PubMed1995

Hyperprolactinemia and reproductive disorders--a profile from north east.

Serum prolactin was estimated in 90 women of various menstrual disorders and infertility. Hyperprolactinemia (PRL 25 ng/ml) was detected in twenty four cases. Out of these, nine had prolactinoma, four had hypothyroidism, three had drug induced HPRL and in eight, no cause could be ascertained. Five patients with prolactinoma became pregnant following bromocryptine treatment and delivered normal babies.

Bromocriptine↗
PubMed1993

Evaluation of a sports specific training programme in badminton players.

We studied the effect of a short three week programme, dominated by specific training, on the aerobic capacity (VO2 max) and ventilatory anaerobic threshold (VanT) of badminton players and also to evaluate the intensity of the specific training on the basis of heart rate and blood lactate concentration. The study was conducted on five women badminton players (age 13-14 yr; height 160-165 cm and weight 47.0-51.5 kg) who were semifinalists in the 1988 subjunior or junior national championships. The VO2 max and VanT were determined at the commencement and at the cessation of the training. The VO2 max was evaluated on an automatic analyser during a graded running protocol on a treadmill and VanT was determined by the gas exchange method from the VE-VO2 relationship. The three week programme was dominated by specific training, apart from other conditioning programme. The mean VO2 max was found to improve from 2.11 l/min (43.8 ml/kg/min) to 2.24 l/min (46.4 ml/kg/min), while the VO2 at VanT improved from 1.48 l/min (30.8 ml/kg/min) to 1.68 l/min (33.7 ml/kg/min). The improvement in both was statistically significant. The mean heart rate and blood lactate concentration during the specific training were 161 b/min and 3.9 mM/l respectively while training with the shuttlecock and 185 b/min and 6.2 mM/l respectively during shadow practice. The findings indicated that the intensity of specific training was quite high, varying from aerobic-anaerobic transition level to aerobic overload region and was able to alter the VO2 max and VanT of the players, even with a short precompetition training.

Adolescent↗