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Biomedical subjects

A Goss

Publications and source records attributed to A Goss.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2003

Tranexamic acid mouthwash--a prospective randomized study of a 2-day regimen vs 5-day regimen to prevent postoperative bleeding in anticoagulated patients requiring dental extractions.

This prospective randomized study analyses the use of a prescribed 4.8% tranexamic acid post-operative mouthwash over 2 days vs 5 days to prevent bleeding in patients taking warfarin who require dental extractions. Eighty-five patients therapeutically anticoagulated with warfarin for various conditions, ranging in age from 21 to 86 years and requiring dental extractions, were randomly divided into two groups. Group A postoperatively received a 4.8% tranexamic acid mouthwash to be used over a 2-day period. Group B received the same mouthwash and instructions postoperatively, to be taken over 5 days. All procedures were performed on an ambulatory basis under local anaesthetic by the same surgeon. Patients were reviewed 1, 3, and 7 days postoperatively to assess bleeding. Eighty-two of the 85 patients encountered no postoperative problems. Two patients in group A and one in group B had minor postoperative bleeds that required minor ambulatory intervention to control. This study shows that a 2-day postoperative course of a 4.8% tranexamic acid mouthwash is as equally effective as a 5-day course in controlling haemostasis post-dental extractions in patient's anticoagulated with warfarin.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed2001

Continuing education: the 1998 Survey of the Royal Australasian College of Dental Surgeons.

BACKGROUND: Continuing education (CE) is an essential professional activity. In the last decade, CE has been actively pursued by the medical profession in Australia and abroad. However, the uptake of CE in dentistry has been much slower and there is minimal Australian data on dental CE. METHODS: To determine the level of CE activity, in 1998, postal questionnaires were sent to all fellows of the Royal Australasian College of Dental Surgeons. The responses were analysed. RESULTS: There was a high response rate (90 per cent) but a moderate usable rate (54 per cent). The results show a biphasic distribution between high and low CE activity. The average amount of activity of those involved in CE was 116 hours per year, above the usually accepted minimum of 100 hours/year. Some groups, particularly members of the specialist divisions of oral and maxillofacial surgeons (215 hours) and periodontists (205 hours), have high levels of CE. However, approximately 25 per cent of college fellows reported little or no CE activity. The survey revealed that inactive fellows are more likely to be older and in general practice. Inactive fellows were also tardy in replying to the questionnaire. CONCLUSION: The high activity CE group needs to be recognised and encouraged to continue. Specific plans to help the low CE activity group should be developed. Although these findings relate directly to the Royal Australasian College of Dental Surgeons, they are presented as they have implications for the dental profession at large.

Age Factors↗
PubMed2000

Antibiotic prescribing practices by South Australian general dental practitioners.

The prescribing habits of a randomly selected approximately 10 per cent sample of South Australian general dental practitioners were obtained by postal questionnaire. Sixty-eight (61 per cent) usable replies were received and analysed. Generally, there was an appropriate level of knowledge of antibiotic prescription. However, there was a tendency toward over-prescription and a demonstrated lack of knowledge of the incidence of adverse reactions, development of multiresistant strains and prophylaxis against bacterial endocarditis. All of these areas are real challenges to the profession, whether in an overall global community health sense or in a highly individualized clinical or medico-legal sense. These issues are discussed and the profession is urged to reconsider and re-educate itself on these challenges.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1999

Technique for intraoral inverted 'L' osteotomy.

The technique of intraoral inverted 'L' osteotomy mandibular advancement is technically straightforward and has a low morbidity. It is indicated for mandibular advancement, particularly when the risk of inferior alveolar (dental) nerve damage is unacceptable.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Development of a national clinical logbook system for oral and maxillofacial surgery trainees--the RACDS, OMS system.

The development of a national computer database for trainees' clinical logbooks is described. Data are collected contemporaneously by trainees under the supervision of the director of their training programme. The full scope of oral and maxillofacial surgery is covered, and a national standard of experience has been developed. The benefits of this system to individual trainees, training institutions, and national educational bodies are presented.

Australia↗
PubMed1996

Neural structures within the sheep temporomandibular joint.

To better understand pathologic processes associated with arthritis of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), detailed information on the innervation of TMJ tissues in normal as well as arthritic joints is needed. The aim of this study was to describe the normal innervation of the sheep TMJ in preparation for using this animal as a model for the study of the effects of arthritis on joint innervation. The macroscopic and microscopic appearance plus the distribution of neural structures within the TMJ were examined using fluorescence histochemistry (glyoxylic acid), immunohistochemistry (calcitonin gene-related peptide), silver, and gold chloride techniques. Joints from 10 mature merino sheep were studied. Calcitonin gene-related peptide-immunoreactive nerve fibers were found in the capsule and the synovial membrane, but not in the disc. Nerve bundles and single nerve fibers in the capsule, synovial membrane, and the peripheral 2 to 3 mm of the disc were stained by glyoxylic acid. Ruffini, paciniform-type, and Golgi organ nerve endings plus free nerve endings were located in the capsule, with the highest density of nerve endings occurring at the site of attachment of the disc to the capsule. The highest density of neural structures (using gold chloride) was in the posterior part of the joint. The highest density of autonomic fibers (using glyoxylic acid) was in the anterior capsule. The highest density of sensory fibers (using calcitonin gene-related peptide) was in the synovial and subsynovial tissues of the anterior capsule. These results confirm the existence of autonomic and sensory nerves in the capsule, synovial membrane, and peripheral disc in healthy adult sheep.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Continuing education for oral and maxillofacial surgeons--new expectations.

The Continuing Education (CE) activity of all members of the Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery (OMFS) of the Royal Australasian College of Dental Surgeons (RACDS) for 1994 was surveyed. There was an 78.1 per cent response rate. The total average CE activity was 165.9 per cent hours per year, range 0 hours to 992 hours. This was the sum of attendance and participation in national and international meetings; self education and journal reading; professional committee activity and examining. There was also a high level of teaching, both undergraduate and postgraduate; examining; research; publications and professional committee involvement. Further analysis involved weighted scores and factors contributing towards low and high CE activity. Possession of the qualification of FRACDS (OMS) was associated with the highest level of CE. It was concluded that Australian and New Zealand oral and maxillofacial surgeons generally had a high degree of CE activity.

Australia↗
PubMed1990

Intractable neck pain.

A retrospective survey of 1,661 patients seen over a 10-year period at a pain clinic yielded 55 patients with intractable neck pain as the presenting complaint. In 89% there was an industrial or motor vehicle accident as the precipitating event, 78% were involved in legal proceedings relating to the accident, and in 87% the pain radiated to neighboring structures. Diagnostically, 36% had no physical signs, and cervical radiographs were normal for 46%. There was a high incidence of previous psychiatric treatment (53%) and major intrafamily problems (60%). Treatment mainly by psychotherapy or tricyclic antidepressants resulted in some benefit for 56% of patients. Legal compensation and change in occupation were not major factors influencing the outcome of treatment.

Accidents, Occupational↗
PubMed1989

Biological and clinical evaluation of the transmandibular implant.

The transmandibular implant has been shown to be a successful clinical solution to prosthetic rehabilitation of patients with gross mandibular atrophy. Aspects of the biocompatibility of the implant material including the component metals in the alloy have been tested in an animal model utilizing sheep. The initial Adelaide results in the clinical multicentre trial are presented. These were generally excellent and the reasons for the few failures are presented.

Aged↗
PubMed1978

Inhibition of migration of tumor cells in vitro by lymphokine-containing supernatants.

Lymphokine-containing supernatants derived from seven different human lymphoid cell lines and lymphokine-containing supernatants from concanavalin A-stimulated murine lymphocytes were found to be capable of reversibly inhibiting the migration of tumor cells in vitro. The tumor cell lines used in these studies were the P815 mastocytoma, Ehrlich ascites, Walker carcinosarcoma, Hepatoma 129, and Sarcoma 37. Preliminary physiochemical evidence suggests that the mediator, here termed TMIF, is distinct from MIF. In any case, these results suggest the possibility that lymphokines other than lymphotoxin or macrophage-activating factors may play a role in tumor immunity.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Jaw wiring in treatment of obesity.

17 patients with severe (median percentage above ideal weight 100%) and resistant obesity underwent jaw wiring. There were no major complications and patients tolerated the procedure and subsequent minor inconveniences. All patients lost weight at a rate (median 25-3 kg in six months) comparable with that of intestinal bypass surgery and one achieved and maintained her ideal weight. Two-thirds of the patients, however, regained some weight after the wires were removed. Jaw wiring is a simple effective procedure which can be carried out in most hospitals, and has a place in an integrated approach to obesity.

Adolescent↗