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Biomedical subjects

A Gordon

Publications and source records attributed to A Gordon.

At least 361 records · Page 20Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Specificity of substance use in anxiety-disordered subjects.

The current research (1) examines empirical evidence to substantiate the relationship between substance choice and chronology of onset of anxiety and substance use disorders, and (2) provides information on the specificity of substance choice among anxiety disorders. A study group of 181 subjects in the Harvard Anxiety Research Project (HARP) who had a history of substance use disorder were the focus of this examination. Subjects whose anxiety disorder had an onset before their substance use disorder (primary anxiety) were compared with those whose substance use preceded onset of an anxiety disorder (secondary anxiety) for differences in distribution of subjects among categories of substance of abuse. Primary and secondary anxiety groups do not have different ages of onset for substance use disorder, nor was there greater likelihood for choosing alcohol for any of the anxiety disorders. However, there is a decreased risk of alcohol use in the small group of generalized anxiety subjects and an increased risk of opioid use in the small group of posttraumatic stress disorder subjects. There was no indirect support for the self-medication hypothesis. Neither age of onset data, specific substance association, nor proximal diagnosis association support a simple interaction. The strongest finding supported an "avoidance" of CNS stimulants.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The association of hydrocephalus and Arnold--Chiari malformation with spina bifida in the fetus.

Twenty-one fetuses with spina bifida and twenty apparently normal fetuses of between 14--23 weeks gestation were examined for the presence of hydrocephalus and Arnold--Chiari malformation. Sacral, lumbo-sacral, lumbar, thoraco-lumbo-sacral and thoraco-lumbar lesions were found. Some were closed, some were open. The amount of neural tissue at the site of the lesion was very variable. In three cases, diastematomyelia was found. The heads of spina bifida fetuses were not enlarged. Hydrocephalus was found in eleven of them and the Arnold--Chiari malformation in twelve. In nine fetuses the abnormalities co-existed. Hydrocephalic brain showed depression of the tentorium, abnormalities in the corpus callosum and absence of the lateral fissure. The more cephalad and extensive the spinal lesion, the more likely it was to be accompanied by brain abnormalities. Isolated sacral defects were not associated either with hydrocephalus or with the Arnold--Chiari malformation. Pathological changes in the brain occurred in the presence of both open and closed spinal lesions and were apparently unrelated to fetal age. No evidence was found as to the sequence in which these brain abnormalities appeared.

Arnold-Chiari Malformation↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Evaluation of bovine cervical mucus penetration as a test of human spermatozoal function for an in vitro fertilization programme.

Thirty-two couples participating in an in vitro fertilization (IVF) programme were evaluated as regards the prognostic value on fertilization of spermatozoal performance through flat capillary tubes filled with standardized midcycle bovine cervical mucus (Penetrak, Serono Diagnostics, Surrey, UK). A statistically significant correlation (P < 0.033) was observed between the distance travelled by the neat spermatozoa in the mucus and the % penetration of oocytes at IVF. There were also significant correlations between motility and progression (P < 0.004) and a borderline correlation between progression and the Penetrak results (P < 0.098). There was no significant difference between the Penetrak distances travelled between the 9 who conceived (33.4 mm) and the 23 who did not (29.9 mm). While the test does add to the knowledge of fertilization potential, the results extrapolated to a larger series would give false positive rates of 25% and false negative rates of 11%. The absence of a clear end point renders the Penetrak mucus penetration test insufficiently accurate to be used as a main measure of the male factor when advising for or against IVF therapy.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A comparative study of two devices used for cervical cell sampling raises some doubts about liquid-based cytology.

The objective of this study was to compare the quality of smears obtained by a newly designed cervical cell sampler (the implement) to those obtained with the cervex brush, using liquid-based cytology (LBC). A prospective randomized controlled trial with the approval of the local ethics committees after informing the Medical Devices Agency in the UK was used in this study. The study was carried out in colposcopy clinics in two district general NHS Trust Hospitals in London. A total of 200 women were recruited (100 from each hospital). The women were randomized into two groups, each of them having two smears at the same time. One hundred (50%) of the women had their first smear with the new implement, and the other 100 (50%) had their first smear with the cervex brush. The main outcome of this study is good-quality smears, assessed by evidence of effective sampling of the transformation zone, including immature metaplastic cells and also endocervical cells. Eighty-five percent of the smears taken by the new implement showed good-quality smears compared to 91% of those taken by the cervex brush, a statistically marginally nonsignificant result, with P value = 0.052 (McNemar exact test). A larger number of good-quality smears, judged by evidence of sampling of transformation zone, were obtained with the cervex brush, though the difference was statistically marginally nonsignificant, using the British society for clinical cytology criteria. Surprisingly, despite the use of LBC, there was a higher rate of inadequate smears obtained with both the devices (8% with each) compared to our previous study using the conventional slide test (1.3% with the new implement and 1.8% with the Jordan's spatula).

Cytodiagnosis↗
PubMedDate not supplied

"Little guy.".

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Endovascular coil embolization for large femoral false aneurysms: two case reports.

Ultrasound-guided compression and thrombin injections are reliable for the management of small and medium-sized false aneurysms. However, owing to technical limitations, large false aneurysms often necessitate surgical intervention, which is associated with significant postoperative morbidity and mortality. Endovascular coil embolization is an evolving minimally invasive technique that can be used as a safe option for large false femoral aneurysms. We report our experience with 2 cases of large false femoral aneurysms treated by using coils to occlude the aneurysm's feeding tract successfully.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Sorbent regeneration of peritoneal dialysate: an approach to ambulatory dialysis.

Sorbent regeneration of peritoneal dialysate has been shown to be feasible in experimental and preliminary clinical studies and provides a realistic basis for the optimization of dialysis therapy and the potential development of an ambulatory dialysis system. Peritoneal dialysis efficiency can be significantly enhanced by continuous dialysate flow techniques and the mass transfer of uremic solutes can be theoretically augmented by the increased dialysis time made possible by a wearable design. Further optimization of end stage renal failure therapy may be achieved by the combined use of various methods for blood purification.

Adsorption↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Challenging behaviour in HIV services.

'Challenging behaviour' is a label, and one that is often misused in the context of mental health. Using a profile, this article identifies a number of behaviours that may challenge service. Peter has HIV and has developed a related opportunistic illness, affecting brain function. The author stresses the importance of person-centred care, urging providers to audit their services and evaluate the requirement for alterations to assessment documentation to meet the changing needs of individuals, families and children living with HIV/AIDS.

AIDS Dementia Complex↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Chemical analytic approaches to the definition of uremic toxins.

In this preliminary research we have started a systematic study of substances present in uremic but non in normal serum. Methylguanidine has been examined by the new single method of ion pair extraction and has been found in higher concentration in uremic plasma than in normal, but in lower concentration than previously described with less selective method and used in experimental animal intoxication. We did not find a correlation of Methylguanidine concentration and uremic symptoms and complications as pericarditis, neuropathy and uremic coma. Using the high spead gel filtration method comparative analyses of uremic and normal fluids and many substances have been registered a 9 peak serie. Peak 7 seem to be the most interesting. It is less prominent in normal plasma, increases in uremic patients and decreases after dietary treatment, peritoneal dialysis and hemodialysis. Furthermore it is formed by middle molecular weight substances (approximately 1300).

Chromatography, Gel↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The breast tumour-associated epithelial mucins and the peanut lectin binding urinary mucins are coded by a single highly polymorphic gene locus 'PUM'.

A family of mucin-type glycoproteins, present in human urine, is coded by a single highly polymorphic gene locus PUM. We have previously shown that these glycoproteins carry epitopes recognized by a series of monoclonal antibodies, many of which were raised to the human milk-fat globule membrane, and which bind to a wide variety of carcinomas and certain normal epithelia. Here we show that in the normal human mammary gland, and in breast cancers the epitopes are present on the same family of molecules as that found in urine. Thus the genetically determined variation at the PUM locus accounts for much of the electrophoretic heterogeneity of the mucin-type glycoproteins present in breast cancer and serum from breast cancer patients that has been reported previously. Knowledge of this normal inherited polymorphism is essential to the interpretation of possible changes to these molecules in malignancy.

Antigens, Neoplasm↗
PubMedDate not supplied

5-year followup of the effect on optometrists of continuing education about hypertension.

All 319 participants of an intensive continuing education course on optometric hypertension screening at the University of Alabama at Birmingham were surveyed 5 years after completion of the course. Almost 85 percent of 211 responding optometrists reported that they were continuing to screen for hypertension in their practices. They estimated that 24 percent of their patients had hypertension and that of these 11 percent were previously undetected. The criteria used by these optometrists for tentative diagnosis and referral were consistent with currently accepted guidelines. Hypertension screening by optometrists is cost-effective, and this survey suggests that continuing education courses providing intensive didactic and clinical instruction may be an effective method for changing clinicians' behavior. For most optometrists who participated in this continuing education program, the program appears to have positively changed their clinical behavior.

Adult↗