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Biomedical subjects

A Goldstein

Publications and source records attributed to A Goldstein.

At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

Failure of methadone and levomethadyl acetate (levo-alpha-acetylmethadol, LAAM) maintenance to affect memory.

Memory tests were administered to 30 patients taking methadone hydrochloride and 31 taking levomethadyl acetate (levo-alpha-acetylmethadol, LAAM) both prior to treatment and after one and three months of continuous treatment. A group of nonopiate using matched control subjects was administered the tests at similar intervals. No statistically significant difference in test performance was found among these groups at any of the three sessions. The methadone and control groups also did not differ significantly in the frequency of subjective reports of decreased memory function. Previous reports of memory deflicits during long-term methadone administration may be a result of comparing methadone and control groups at a single point in time and assuming that prior to methadone maintenance the groups were equivalent.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Effects of naloxone on experimentally induced ischemic pain and on mood in human subjects.

The hypothesis that painful stimuli activate the endogenous opioid (endorphin) system in humans was tested by examining the effect of the opiate antagonist naloxone on experimentally induced ischemic pain and on subjective mood ratings. Intravenous injections of saline or naloxone hydrochloride (2 and 10 mg) were administered under double-blind conditions to 12 subjects. Naloxone did not affect the pain ratings. However, a significant dose-related effect of naloxone on tension-anxiety was found, suggesting that the endorphins. like exogenously administered opiates, may have antianxiety properties.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Alterations in the mitogen responsiveness of lymphocytes from mice bearing Moloney sarcoma virus induced tumors.

The effects of Moloney Sarcoma Virus (MSV) induced tumor growth dynamics on the blastogenic responsiveness of lymphocytes from BALB/c mice were investigated. Lymphocytes from spleen, thymus and lymph node pools were tested for responsiveness to phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and concanavalin A (Con A). Results showed a significant decrease in PHA-induced blastogenesis of all lymphocytes tested at the time of maximal tumor volume, with a return to normal responsiveness as the tumor regressed. In contrast, a differential dose dependent Con A response occurred in spleen and thymus lymphocytes. A decreased 3H-thymidine uptake occurred at optimal Con A dose, correlating with the PHA decrease. However, at a lower Con A dose an increased response was observed, beginning shortly before the PHA depression and continuing until regression of tumor began. This phenomena was not observed in lymph node lymphocytes. Based upon these observations, we suggest that the cell or cells responsible for the transient suppression of PHA responsiveness may be Con A responsive T lymphocytes.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Is on-site urine testing of therapeutic value in a methadone treatment program?

Patients in a methadone maintenance clinic were randomly assigned to two groups: one to have urine tests on-site (by the EMIT system) with immediate feedback of results to patients and staff; the other to have urine specimens sent away to an offsite laboratory for testing by thin-layer chromatography. Although other advantages might justify the adoption of on-site testing in methadone programs, the method appeared to have little or no therapeutic advantage over customary off-site testing. There were negligibly small differences between the groups with respect to illicit drug use.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Further characterization of morphine-like peptides (endorphins) from pituitary.

Pituitary peptides with opioid pharmacologic action (endorphins) can exist in several forms with different basicities and molecular weights from about 3000 to less than 1000 daltons. Partial purification yielded an endorphin at least 4 times more potent than normorphine and 16 times more potent than the endogenous brain pentapeptide methionine enkephalin. It is proposed that pituitary endorphin or a similar peptide in brain may be the precursor of brain enkephalin.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMed1976

Heroin addiction. Sequential treatment employing pharmacologic supports.

A system of treatment for heroin addiction is proposed under the acronym STEPS (sequential treatment employing pharmacologic supports). Small steps characterized by decreasing narcotic-induced euphoria and increasing social rehabilitation are expected eventually to bring the addict to an abstinent and well-functioning state, if that is possible. The dichotomous assessment of "success" or "failure" is rejected in favor of the expectation of partial and temporary improvements, as with any chronic relapsing disease.

Heroin Dependence↗
PubMed1976

Side effects of levomethadone and racemic methadone in a maintenance program.

Sixty-six patients participated in a double-blind, crossover study comparing side effects, drug use, clinic attendance, and dose changes on levomethadone and d,l (racemic) methadone. The hypothesis under examination was that dextromethadone, while adding no narcotic actions to the racemate, was contributing to side effects. An earlier single-blind pilot study showed that 9 out of 11 side effects improved while patients were receiving levomethadone, but this larger study did not duplicate those results. Analysis of 25 variables showed no significant between levo- and racemic methadone. There appears to be no advantage in levomethadone over racemic methadone in the treatment of patients in maintenance programs.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed1976

Adult thymectomy prevention of the appearance of suppressor T cells which depress contact sensitivity to picryl chloride and reversal of adult thymectomy effect by thymus extract.

Suppressor cells, which depress the passive transfer of contact sensitivity appear in the lymph nodes and spleen of mice injected with picryl sulfonic acid (PSA). These cells produce a soluble suppressor T cell product (s-TCP), and immune lymph node cells incubated in s-TCP fail to transfer contact sensitivity. This paper shows that the appearance of suppressor T cells following the injection of PSA was prevented by adult thymectomy (ATx). ATx also limited the production of s-TCP. However, ATx had no effect on the DNA synthesis which occurs in the lymph nodes of mice injected with PSA. The adverse effect of ATx on suppressor cells was completely reversed by a neonatal thymus graft placed under the renal capsule and partially reversed by grafts given 600 r in vitro and to a limited extent by grafts given 1000 r. The injection of thymus extract also reversed the effect of ATx whereas splenic extract was inactive. It is suggested that the suppressor T cell which depresses contact sensitivity is dependent on the presence of the thymus because it requires a thymus hormone, and not primarily because it belongs to a short-lived population which is rapidly renewed by cells coming from the thymus.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Opioid activity of a peptide, beta-lipotropin-(61-91), derived from beta-lipotropin.

The pituitary peptide beta-lipotropin displays essentially no opoid activity in a preparation of guinea pig ileum or in the opiate receptor binding assay. However, a fragment, beta-lipotropin-(61-91), with the enkephalin sequence (Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe-Met) at its NH2-terminus, has typical opioid effects in these two assays.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1976

Gray scale shifts in ultrasound displays.

Shifts in the displayed shades of gray were found in the initial evaluation of a gray scale ultrasound display. Quantitative measurements of these shifts were performed. These measurements, along with measurements of scan converter output and photographic exposure time, established television (TV) performance as the major cause of shifts. Random variations in photographic exposure time were shown to cause small random shifts. Recommendations are given to minimize the effects of these shifts in clinical sonograms. To minimize shifts, hardware modifications were made on a similar TV. These modifications substantially improved the TV performance.

Humans↗
PubMed1976

Behavioural treatment of orgasmic dysfunction: a controlled study.

Twenty-two anorgasmic women received 20 sessions of a multiple-technique behavioural therapy. The design included blind ratings by two independent assessors, multiple assessment instruments, and a waiting list control group. Treatment was significantly better than no treatment in terms of: (1) the percentage of patients experiencing orgasm during at least 50 per cent of sexual relations; (2) the percentage of women reporting satisfactory sexual relations at least 50 per cent of the time; (3) patients' ratings of positive reactions to various sexual behaviours; and (4) assessors' global clinical ratings. Significant improvement was also noted on the MMPI, IPAT, and Symptom Check List. Improvement was maintained at a follow-up average 9 months later. These results support the impression that a behavioural approach offers much promise in treating female orgasmic dysfunction.

Adult↗