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Biomedical subjects

A Goldmann

Publications and source records attributed to A Goldmann.

52 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

[Use of imaging procedures in gallstone ileus].

Gallstone ileus is a rare complication of cholecystolithiasis with a high mortality and a high rate of postoperative complications caused by the advanced age of the patients and the often delayed diagnosis. The article shows that the consistent use of conventional radiological methods helps to reduce the high incidence of undetected gallstone ileus. A plain film of the abdomen is mandatory because it yields important information on the presence of an ileus and allows to diagnose gallstone ileus if air in the biliary tree and an aberrantly located gallstone is visible. Signs of an ileus are a frequent finding on abdominal scout films (9 of 9 cases) while the additional signs are often absent (5 of 9 cases). Contrast x-ray studies of the intestine, especially the upper gastrointestinal series with water-soluble contrast media, are of importance because they can help in detecting biliary enteric fistulas or gallstones located in the intestine. Hence, the consistent use of this roentgenologic routine methods can promote the accuracy of correct preoperative diagnosis (4 of 7 cases).

Aged↗
PubMed1988

A plasmid of Rhizobium meliloti 41 encodes catabolism of two compounds from root exudate of Calystegium sepium.

Our objectives were to identify substances produced by plant roots that might act as nutritional mediators of specific plant-bacterium relationships and to delineate the bacterial genes responsible for catabolizing these substances. We discovered new compounds, which we call calystegins, that have the characteristics of nutritional mediators. They were detected in only 3 of 105 species of higher plants examined: Calystegia sepium, Convolvulus arvensis (both of the Convolvulaceae family), and Atropa belladonna. Calystegins are abundant in organs in contact with the rhizosphere and are not found, or are observed only in small quantities, in aerial plant parts. Just as the synthesis of calystegins is infrequent in the plant kingdom, their catabolism is rare among rhizosphere bacteria that associate with plants and influence their growth. Of 42 such bacteria tested, only one (Rhizobium meliloti 41) was able to catabolize calystegins and use them as a sole source of carbon and nitrogen. The calystegin catabolism gene(s) (cac) in this strain is located on a self-transmissible plasmid (pRme41a), which is not essential to nitrogen-fixing symbiosis with legumes. We suggest that under natural conditions calystegins provide an exclusive carbon and nitrogen source to rhizosphere bacteria which are able to catabolize these compounds. Calystegins (and the corresponding microbial catabolic genes) might be used to analyze and possibly modify rhizosphere ecology.

Alkaloids↗
PubMed1988

[Indications and possibilities of surgical therapy in osteodystrophia deformans Paget].

Among the 105 patients treated in the orthopedic department of the Balgrist university hospital in Zurich for Paget's disease of bone, a total of 353 skeletal lesions have been recorded, sited mainly in the pelvic area, in the lower extremities and in the spine. The average age of these patients at diagnosis was 64 years. In 20% of them only one bone was affected, while in 80% the condition was polyostotic. One-third of the bone changes are asymptomatic and were discovered incidentally. Deformities of the tubular bones are the most frequent pathological finding, being observed in 33% of these patients, followed by joint damage resulting from the illness in 20%. In a total of 35 patients it has been necessary to correct deformities of the tubular bones or joint malpositions because of an inherent risk of fracture, or to perform internal fixation of pathological fractures. Great importance is laid on preoperative evaluation of the pain genesis, and if it cannot be adequately determined from the history calcitonin medication is tried out. The postoperative healing tendency for bones and soft tissues is good in the vast majority of patients; there is no delay in fracture healing even with the rather long period of perioperative medication.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Direct operations for the management of life-threatening ischemic ventricular tachycardia.

UNLABELLED: Between June 1978 and 1986, 93 consecutive patients underwent electrophysiologically guided operations for life-threatening recurrent sustained ventricular tachycardia mostly associated with other surgical procedures, such as left ventricular resection (aneurysmectomy) and coronary artery bypass grafting. DATA: Eighty-seven percent of the surviving patients were free of spontaneous ventricular tachycardia return or sudden death 1 year after the operation and 77% at 5 years. The instantaneous risk of ventricular tachycardia return was highest immediately after operation, declined rapidly, and by 2 weeks postoperatively had merged with the constant hazard phase, which persisted as long as the patients were observed. Endocardial resection, rather than encircling endocardial myotomy, increased the risk of spontaneous ventricular tachycardia return/sudden death. Survival rates, including hospital deaths, were 95% at 30 days, 89% at 1 year, and 70% at 5 years after operation. The most prevalent mode of death was heart failure. The absence of anterolateral left ventricular aneurysms and the use of more extended encircling incisional techniques for ventricular tachycardia ablation increased the risk of early and late death. Survival was particularly poor in that subset of patients in whom recurrent sustained ventricular tachycardia returned after operation; the most prevalent mode of death in this group was also progressive left ventricular failure. Inferences: (1) Complete and partial encircling endocardial myotomy incisions are the most effective surgical techniques for malignant ventricular tachycardia ablation. (2) Because of their adverse effects on left ventricular structure and function, the arrhythmogenic tissues have to be localized as precisely as possible, and the encompassing incisions should be kept as limited as possible. (3) The late return of ventricular tachycardia may be more related to a progressive ischemic left ventricular cardiomyopathy than to an inadequate operation.

Cardiac Pacing, Artificial↗
PubMed1981

Tumor markers in advanced nonseminomatous testicular cancer.

The serum levels of human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG), alphafetoprotein (AFP), lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) were measured in 62 men with advanced nonseminomatous germ-cell testicular tumors. The HCG level was elevated in 64%, the AFP level in 67%, and the LDH level in 62%, including three of the six men with normal levels of the other two markers. At least one of these three markers was elevated in 91% of patients. Sustained or rising levels of HCG or AFP always were accompanied by persistent or recurrent tumor. Carcinoembryonic antigen was found not to be a useful marker in testicular cancer. Patients whose tumors contained yolk-sac elements always had elevated AFP levels, and patients with choriocarcinoma always had elevated levels of HCG. However, absence of these histologic types did not preclude elevations of the respective markers. Tumor markers are indispensable in the management of patients with testicular cancer, and several markers must be measured repeatedly if the greatest percentage of patients is to benefit.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

High-speed black blood imaging of vessel stenosis in the presence of pulsatile flow.

Stenosis phantoms were created to study the ability of "black blood" methods to image a vessel stenosis in the presence of pulsatile flow. Black blood images were acquired with a modified TurboFLASH (fast low-angle shot) method that eliminates flow signal by applying a set of prepulses before segmented data acquisition. With this high-speed approach, imaging can be completed within 16 seconds. This technique was compared with conventional spin-echo black blood, gradient-echo black blood, and gradient-echo bright blood methods. Loss of flow signal, which extended beyond the site of the stenosis, was seen on the gradient-echo bright blood images. The pattern of signal loss varied with the type of stenosis. Flow voids were achieved with spin-echo black blood imaging; however, substantial ghosting artifacts were seen. With gradient-echo black blood imaging, it was difficult to eliminate all flow signal, particularly for in-plane flow. The modified TurboFLASH method produced high-quality black blood images in a fraction of the time needed for spin-echo imaging. It showed no ghosting artifacts even in the presence of pulsatile flow.

Blood Flow Velocity↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Differentiation between hemangiomas and cysts of the liver with nonenhanced MR imaging: efficacy of T2 values at 1.5 T.

The authors studied the utility of non-contrast-agent-enhanced magnetic resonance (MR) imaging for differentiating cysts and cavernous hemangiomas of the liver. Nineteen patients with hemangiomas (51 lesions) and 16 with cysts (30 lesions) were studied with a 1.5-T MR imager. T2 values were calculated with the two-point method to evaluate the efficacy of T2 values in the differentiation between hemangiomas and cysts of the liver. For lesions larger than 1 cm, the mean T2 value of cysts (306 msec +/- 156) was significantly longer than that of hemangiomas (113 msec +/- 15) (P < .0001); there was no overlap of the ranges for T2 values of hemangiomas and cysts. All cysts larger than 1 cm could be differentiated from hemangiomas by using a threshold T2 value of 140 msec. This study suggests that calculated T2 values permit differentiation between hemangiomas and cysts larger than 1 cm at 1.5 T.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[High tibial barrel-vault osteotomy. A clinical study and statistical analysis of 91 long-term results].

91 high tibial valgus barrel-vault osteotomies were subject of a follow-up study from 10 to 19 years (phi 11.9) after the osteotomy. 20 of the patients rate themselves as excellent, 29 as good, 22 as poor and 22 as failed. Adipositas was a factor that mainly worsened the results. Furthermore a postoperative flexion deformity and preoperative joint-space-narrowing were negative conditions, too. A slight overcorrection, more than the physiological valgus proved to be advantageous. The results were not influenced by age, sex and preoperative radiographic stage and range of motion. In summary the osteotomy has been shown to be a successful measure to prolong the period until final destruction of the knee joint will happen.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Betaine use by rhizosphere bacteria: genes essential for trigonelline, stachydrine, and carnitine catabolism in Rhizobium meliloti are located on pSym in the symbiotic region.

Rhizobium meliloti is known to use betaines synthesized by its host, Medicago sativa, as osmoprotectants and sources of energy. It is shown in the present report that the symbiotic megaplasmid (pSym) of R. meliloti RCR2011 encodes functions essential to the catabolism of three betaines, trigonelline (nicotinic acid N-methylbetaine), stachydrine (proline betaine or dimethylproline), and carnitine (gamma-trimethyl-beta-hydroxybutyrobetaine). Preliminary evidence is presented showing that functions on pSym also influence the catabolism of choline and its oxidative product, glycine betaine. Genes implicated in betaine catabolism are found in the symbiotic region of pSym. Trigonelline catabolism functions lie between two clusters of symbiotic genes, nifKDH and nok/fixVI'. Stachydrine and carnitine functions lie to the right of trigonelline catabolism functions, immediately to the right of fixVI'. Information necessary to choline and glycine betaine catabolism is probably encoded to the right of stachydrine catabolism functions.

Alkaloids↗