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Biomedical subjects

A Goldhirsch

Publications and source records attributed to A Goldhirsch.

At least 289 records · Page 16Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

[Prevention of cytostatic-related hair loss by hypothermia of a hairy scalp using a cooling cap].

82 patients treated with adriamycin alone or in combination with other cytostatic agents underwent scalp hypothermia by application of a gel cap. The cap ws applied 10 minutes before the injection of the drugs and maintained until 30 minutes after the administration of the chemotherapy. Prevention of hair loss was achieved in 47 patients (57%). The prophylaxis was successful in 16 out of 21 males (76%) compared with 31 out of 61 female patients (p less than 0.05). No statistically significant difference was found between patients receiving higher or lower doses of adriamycin or between patients wtih or without liver dysfunction. The tolerance of the gel cap was excellent; only one patient did not tolerate the cap because of anxiety during application.

Alopecia↗
PubMed1982

[Stomach cancer. Spontaneous course, therapy and prognosis].

The incidence of gastric cancer in Switzerland has decreased remarkable in the last fifty years and now constitutes 4% of all newly diagnosed neoplasms. Nutrition plays an important role in the pathogenesis of this tumor. The pathology, natural history and the staging of stomach cancer are reviewed, with special emphasis on early gastric cancer. Radiological and gastroscopic diagnosis is correct in almost all cases. Surgery remains as it was 100 years ago when Billroth performed the first gastrectomy, the only curative treatment. In the last few years combination chemotherapy for gastric cancer has been markedly improved, and with modern cytostatic regimens objective tumor responses are achieved in one third to half of patients. The value of adjuvant chemotherapy in radically resected patients remains to be proven. The poor prognosis of gastric cancer can be improved by early diagnosis, better understanding of the pathogenesis of this tumor, elimination of carcinogens from our food and incorporation of effective systemic treatment in the primary treatment plan for stomach cancer.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1982

Pharmacokinetic approach to the selection of dose schedules for medroxyprogesterone acetate in clinical oncology.

The pharmacokinetic and bioavailability properties of medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) after single PO and IM doses in man were used as a basis to predict, on a theoretical pharmacokinetic basis, the blood level profile of the drug during repeated dose administration with various dosage schedules. Because of the unusually long-lasting depot effect of IM MPA, a different build-up process of blood levels is expected during repeated IM or PO administration, and this should be taken into account when dose schedules for use in clinical oncology are selected. As regards the IM route, dose schedules based on 4 weeks' treatment with daily injections of 500-1,000 mg followed by a maintenance therapy with 1,000 mg/week are suggested, since they permit rapid achievement and maintenance of relatively high plasma levels. A similar plasma level profile can be obtained with oral MPA provided that daily doses twice as large as the IM doses are given during the first month of treatment and continued during the maintenance period. The serum levels observed in 25 patients with advanced breast cancer treated with MPA given IM or PO according to various dose schedules and recent literature data are very close to the serum level profiles predicted on a theoretical pharmacokinetic basis.

Biological Availability↗
PubMed1982

Levonantradol, a new antiemetic with a high rate of side-effects for the prevention of nausea and vomiting in patients receiving cancer chemotherapy.

Levonantradol, a new antiemetic compound pharmacologically related to the cannabinoids, was given to 17 patients who had experienced severe and protracted nausea and vomiting during previous courses of cancer chemotherapy, and to six patients receiving a first course of strongly emetic cytostatic treatment. Eight patients were partially protected from acute gastrointestinal disturbances. Of the 23 patients, 21 exhibited some toxicity, with six patients exhibiting major affective side-effects and 13 patients complaining of pain at the injection site. Levonantradol is an active antiemetic compound. Due to the rate of side-effects observed in our study however, we would not recommend use of this agent as an antiemetic drug.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

A quality control study to assess the inter-laboratory variability of routine estrogen and progesterone receptor assays.

The steroid hormone receptor laboratories of Bern, Basel, Zürich, Locarno, Lausanne and Geneva have participated in a quality control study to assess potential inter-laboratory variability in results of tests for determination of steroid hormone receptor status in human breast tumor biopsies. Homogeneous breast tumor powders containing low, medium and high concentrations of estrogen receptors (ER) and progesterone receptors (PR) were prepared in Bern and dispatched on solid CO2 to each laboratory within 1 day of preparation. Each laboratory was requested to assay each powder for ER and PR by their usual procedures. The results revealed that the quantitative discrepancies in ER and PR binding values among the participants could be attributed in part to variations in the methods used for measuring cytosol protein content and also to the differences in hormone receptor assay methods. Nevertheless, all of the laboratories were able to identify the samples containing low, medium and high concentrations of ER and PR.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1982

Combination hormonotherapy with tamoxifen and fluoxymesterone in patients with advanced breast cancer relapsing on hormonotherapy.

33 patients were treated with a combination of tamoxifen and fluoxymesterone (10 mg t.i.d. each) after progression on prior hormonotherapy (HT). 6 of 22 patients (27%) exhibiting a partial response (PR) or stable disease (NC) on previous HT responded to the combination (median time to relapse 7 months, range 3.5 to 17+ months). 11 (50%) maintained NC (median duration 5 months, range 2% to 9.5 months). No response has been seen in 11 patients who experienced progressive disease during prior hormonal manipulation or who were not evaluable for response to prior HT. The overall response rate was 18% for the patient population as a whole (responders and nonresponders to previous HT), which most probably would be similar to the response rate if these patients received only fluoxymesterone.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

An evaluation of tamoxifen dose escalation in advanced breast cancer.

We escalated the dose of tamoxifen (TAM) to 30 or 40 mg daily in 23 patients who had experienced remission or stable disease (NC) under prior treatment with TAM 20 mg daily. One patient, whose bone and soft tissue disease had previously been stabilized under TAM 20 mg daily for 13 months, showed a partial remission (PR) lasting for 6 months. In 14 patients (64%) the disease remained stable for a median duration of 6 months (1.5-18+ mos.). Subjective improvement was noted in nine patients (39%), including the patient with PR and another one with progressive disease (PD). We conclude that dose escalation has no relevant activity in patients failing prior treatment with conventional doses of TAM.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

[Nausea and vomiting during chemotherapy of malignant tumors].

Nausea and vomiting are frequent and unpleasant side effects of cancer chemotherapy. Current concepts of pathophysiology and clinical aspects of nausea and vomiting are reviewed. Individual and therapeutic factors are discussed which greatly modify the degree of vomiting. The commercially available antiemetics are tabulated and the individual classes of antiemetics are described. Finally, consideration is given to new approaches to the treatment of nausea and vomiting, including the search for new compounds and better use of currently available agents.

Antiemetics↗
PubMed1981

[Chemotherapy of non-small-cell bronchial cancer with a combination of Cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (II) and VP 16-213].

In a phase II study 40 patients with non-small-cell lung cancer were treated with 100 mg/m2 cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (II) (DDP) i.v. on day 1, combined with VP 16-213 (VP) in a dose of either 80 mg/m2 daily i.v. on days 1, 2 and 3 or 120 mg/m2 daily by mouth on days 3, 4, 5 and 6. The course was repeated every 3 weeks. In 30 evaluable patients, 10 partial remissions were recorded with a median duration of 3 months. Eleven patients had stable disease and 9 showed progression under treatment. Leukopenia was more pronounced with intravenous administration of VP than with oral VP (median leukocyte nadir 2400/mm3 and 3700/mm3 respectively). Two patients had thrombocytopenia under 50,000/mm3. All patients suffered from moderate to marked nausea and vomiting. All patients had alopecia. Nine patients had serum creatinine elevations over 1.4 mg/dl. Six patients with renal toxicity were treated in one institution with incorrectly applied forced diuresis during DDP administration. DDP and VP are an active regimen for remission induction in non-small-cell lung cancer. Due to cumulative and marked gastrointestinal intolerance this regimen cannot be given over prolonged periods of time.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1981

[Results of, and indications for adjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer].

As the observation times of current studies using adjuvant chemotherapy in the treatment of operable stage II breast cancer lengthen, the probability of significantly reducing the high risk of developing metastases associated with this stage of the disease is also increasing and should be reflected in improved cure rates. The theoretical basis, prerequisites and presently available results for adjuvant chemotherapy of breast cancer are discussed. Adjuvant combination chemotherapy provides better results than monochemotherapy with Alkeran. While earlier results suggested that adjuvant chemotherapy is especially effective in premenopausal women, newer studies and analyses indicate that appropriate dosage and consistent administration of chemotherapy are of decisive importance. Exact determination and documentation of the tumor stage, and especially the regional lymph node status, is the most important factor in determining the indication for adjuvant chemotherapy. Adjuvant chemotherapy is still best with many unsolved problems. These include the duration, necessary intensity based upon risk factors, and short- and long-term side effects.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

[Colorectal cancer. Progress and unsolved problems].

This review deals with colorectal carcinoma, the most frequent malignant tumor in western countries aside from skin cancer. Epidemiologic data confirm the crucial role of nutrition in the pathogenesis of these tumors. The pathology and natural history of colorectal cancers are reviewed. Screening programs have yielded encouraging first results. In recent years surgery of rectal cancer has been improved by the introduction of a new stapling device permitting more sphincter-saving operations. Pre- and postoperative radiotherapy as an adjuvant to surgery are important elements in the primary management of rectal carcinoma. Radiotherapy is often effective in palliating pain, bleeding, and mucous discharge. Chemotherapy of colorectal cancer is still unsatisfactory. The prospects for adjuvant chemotherapy are discussed. The often dismal outlook for patients with colorectal cancer will be more promising if etiological factors can be eliminated, early diagnosis improved and chemotherapy ameliorated.

Colonic Neoplasms↗