Biomedical subjects

A Goić

Publications and source records attributed to A Goić.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed1996

[Physicians' strikes and health services: an ethical perspective].

For the public opinion, medical strikes are a controversial issue; physician's ethical judgments are also different. The present article analyses the requisites to consider legitimate a strike and, based on these, the ethical duties of physicians; the features of medical unionism; the ethical duties of authority; the manipulation of ill people by the strike and the social factors that may cause these conflicts. In a medical strike, universal ethical values based on the Hyppocratic oath and promoted by the profession, are endangered. This article concludes that a medical strike may be explainable due to different reasons, but it is not ethically justifiable beyond any doubt. The health profession that is not prepared to give up strikes as gremial pressure tool, should not choose a profession that takes care of the ill. The best way to avoid medical strike is to prevent them: the society and the authority have the ethical obligation to create work conditions that elude conflicts. To settle disputes between physicians and health institutions, the creation of a permanent arbitral instance agreed by physicians and the authority, i.e. a high level committee integrated by respected individuals and physicians, could be necessary. This committee should send forth veredicts that would be obeyed by the contending parties.

Attitude to Health↗

PubMed1994

[Availability of physicians in Chile and its middle-term projection].

The availability of active physicians in Chile and its 5 and 10 years projections were studied. The number of inhabitants was estimated using the 1992 National Population Census and the number of physicians, using the 1980 records of the Chilean College of Physicians (year in which enrollment was mandatory for all physicians). A 1.6% annual population growth rate and a 5% physician mortality rate was applied (slightly lower that the general population mortality rate). The annual retirement from professional practice was estimated in 0.5% and physicians over 70 years old were considered retired. According to these figures, in 1993 the population is 13,816,990 and there are 14,400 active physicians, a physician/inhabitant relationship of 1:960 (in 1980 it was 1:1,407). The estimated number agrees with that of the 1992 National Population Census and the 1993 income tax declarations. According to projections, in 1998 Chile will have 14,958,292 inhabitants, 16,770 physicians and an inhabitant/physician relationship of 1:921. The figures for year 2003 will be 16,193,867; 18,597 and 1:871 respectively. On the other hand, the study reveals a reduction in the number of admissions to medical schools and of graduated physicians and a reduction in the annual physician population growth rate from 5 to 2% (slightly higher than the general population growth rate). Depending on the economic growth estimations and the needs for medical attention for the next decade, the admission shares for medical schools should be revisited.

Adult↗

PubMed1993

[Homage to Dr. Guillermo C. Blest (1800-1884), founder of Chilean medicine].

William Blest M.D. graduated from Edinburgh Medical School in 1821 and was Director of the first course of medicine (1833) created in Chile after the independence. He arrived to Chile in 1823, when the rising Republic struggled to develop science, culture and its own identity as a nation. In 1826, he presented to the government of that time his "Observations over the actual state of medicine in Chile and a plan to improve it" and in 1828, an "Essay over the most common causes of diseases suffered in Santiago de Chile". The sanitary conditions were deplorable, hospitals were unhealthy barracks and there were only 9 physicians, most of them foreigners. Outstanding was his address to the 11 students of the 1833 course, that reflects love for the profession and contains valuable ethical concepts. Blest was a precursor of Public Health and founder of Chilean Medicine. He became a Chilean citizen in 1831 and was representative and Senator of the Republic. He formed a distinguished family and one of his sons, Alberto Blest Gana, was the most prominent chilean novelist of the nineteenth century.

Chile↗

PubMed1991

[Various suggestions for the presentation of manuscripts in biomedical journals].

The role of biomedical journals is to spread scientific knowledge. For the appropriate communication of this information, editors require that manuscripts sent for publication have a formal structure according to international standards. This paper makes suggestions to the authors on the preparation of the manuscript and its publication. Special emphasis must be made by the author on the selection of the right title and on the contents of the summary as they are a basic guide to the reader. The "introduction" includes, a description of previous data, the formulation of a hypothesis and the objectives of the paper. "Material and methods" includes the description of the methodology used which should be precise and complete enough so as to allow reproduction of the experiment. In "results" the data should be shown objectively making correct use of tables and figures. The "discussion" brings out the most important and new findings, and emphasizes future applications and projections. The conclusions must be backed up by the data presented. The wording must be simple and the manuscript as short as possible to make the reading easy and to spare the reader's time.

Periodicals as Topic↗

PubMed1989

[The training of specialized physicians and continuing medical education: a system in crisis].

In 1954 the Postgraduate School of the University of Chile initiated the programmed training of medical specialists and continuous medical education. The National Health Service, in cooperation with the University, granted 2-3 year fellowships for medical graduates or for physicians who had previously worked 3 to 5 years in National Health Service hospitals around the country. In 1981, a new University law oriented to the decentralization of these institutions, established that postgraduate programs would be under direct control of each Medical School (6 in all). Since then, an increasing number of graduates, a decrease in the number of postgraduate training programs and a deterioration of training centers has been observed. Some continuous medical education and specialization programs are carried out/by independent organizations, not necessarily related to the medical schools. Moreover, important changes in health and economic policies have occurred in the country and financial resources for the specialization of physicians are limited. Urgent action of institutions with a responsibility for post-graduate training, with cooperation of private sectors, is needed to revert this critical problem.

Accreditation↗

PubMed1989

[The Edinburgh Declaration].

The Edinburgh Declaration was the final document of the World Conference on Medical Education held in Edinburgh from August 7 to 12, 1988. It was intended to attain the revolutionary significance of the Flexner Report or the Declaration of Alma Ata. The social and politics aspects involved in medical education are stressed and well known educational strategies are outlined. However, the Declaration lacks internal consistency and falls short in new ideas to improve medical education. Crucial aspects of this activity are not discussed, such as the relations between medical practice and culture, between social orientation of medical students and the nature of health institutions in which they receive education. The importance of developing an ethical background in the students is also missing. Implicit in the Declaration is a charge to Medical Schools for injustices in health delivery to the population without due regard to restrictions and limitations derived from local social, political and economic conditions. In contrast to the Declaration, the background document for the Conference is an outstanding synthesis of matters with great educational significance. Specific recommendations and proposed, courses of action are clearly outlined and may be used by Medical Schools to identify problems, evaluate their current status and design policies and strategies for future development.

Congresses as Topic↗

PubMed1988