Vertebral artery injury with transarticular screws.
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Atlanto-Axial Joint↗
Biomedical subjects
A Goel
Publications and source records attributed to A Goel.
Past and present scenario of hepatoprotectants.
The liver plays a significant role not only in metabolism and disposition of the chemicals to which it is exposed directly or indirectly but also plays a pivotal role in the metabolism of fats, carbohydrates, proteins and immunomodulations. The impairment of liver generally results from viral or portozoal infections, excessive use of alcohol, drugs and xenobiotics. This review provides an overall view about the past and present status of the hepatoprotectants resulted from synthetic and plant origins.
Humans↗
Glioblastoma multiforme following prophylactic cranial irradiation and intrathecal methotrexate in a child with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia : a case report.
A 12 year old boy with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia had received prophylactic cranial irradiation (2000 cGy/15 days) and intrathecal methotrexate. Six years later he was diagnosed to have glioblastoma in left temporoparietal region. There is a strong possibility that the glioma may have been radiation and/or chemotherapy induced.
Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic↗
Hyperthyroidism due to papillary carcinoma of the thyroid--a case report.
A rare case of papillary carcinoma of the thyroid producing hyperthyroidism is presented. A young patients presented seven years after a thyroid operation with metastatic disease in the cervical lymph nodes and a history of deteriorating vision in the left eye. He also had a lesion in the base of the skull which could not be established to be metastasis from the thyroid cancer. There was clinical and biochemical evidence of hyperthyroidism. Radionuclide scan revealed uptake in the residual thyroid tissue and patchy uptake by the cervical lymph nodes. The patient underwent a complete thyroidectomy and radical neck dissection of the left side and 'berry-picking' of the lymph nodes on the right side. Although the patient became euthyroid post-operatively, his general condition deteriorated and he rapidly lost vision in both eyes before any ablative therapy could be instituted for the tumour in the base of the skull. The patient was lost to follow-up.
Adult↗
Effects of genetic engineering on the pharmacokinetics of antibodies.
Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) may be considered 'magic bullets' due to their ability to recognize and eradicate malignant cells. MAbs, however, have practical limitations for their rapid application in the clinics. The structure of antibody molecules can be engineered to modify functional domains such as antigen-binding sites and/or effector functions. Advances in genetic engineering have provided rapid progress in the development of new immunoglobulin constructs of MAbs with defined research and therapeutic application. Recombinant antibody constructs are being engineered, such as human-mouse chimeric, domain-dispositioned, domain-deleted, humanized and single-chain Fv fragments. Genetically-engineered antibodies differ in size and rate of catabolism. Pharmacokinetic studies show that the intact IgG (150 kD), enzymatically derived fragments Fab' (50 kD) and single chain Fv (28 kD) have different clearance rates. These antibody forms clear 50% from the blood pool in 2.1 days, 30 minutes and 10 minutes, respectively. Genetically-engineered antibodies make a new class of immunotherapeutic tracers for cancer treatment.
Adenocarcinoma↗
Intracranial hydatid cyst: a report of five cases and review of literature.
The authors present five cases of intracranial hydatid cysts managed at the department of Neurosurgery, King Edward Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, between 1984-1997. The mean age of presentation was 13.4 years. Four patients (80%) were in the first decade of life. All patients presented with focal neurological deficit and clinical features of raised intracranial pressure. Radiological investigations included computerised tomography (CT) scan in three cases, CT and magnetic resonance (MR) scan in one case and accidental cystogram in one case. Two patients had multiple intracranial cysts. One patient had a solitary cyst in the lateral ventricle. Commonest location was in the parietal lobe (3 cases). Total excision of the cyst was done in all five cases. Recurrence was seen in two cases, probably as a result of rupture of the cyst during first surgery. The features of this rare disease are retrospectively analyzed in this presentation and the literature is reviewed.
Adolescent↗
Tuberculoma in the Meckel's cave: a case report.
A case of an intracranial tuberculoma located within the confines of the Meckel's cave is presented. The patient was young, non-immunocompromised and otherwise in good health. The granuloma mingled with the fibres of the trigeminal nerve. The lesion mimicked a trigeminal neurinoma in its clinical presentation, preoperative investigations and intraoperative consistency and vascularity. The rarity of the location and possible mode of transmission of infection to this site is discussed. The literature on this subject is briefly reviewed.
Adult↗
Unilateral thoracic canal stenosis.
Two unusual cases of thoracic spinal canal stenosis are reported. The cord compression was a result of unilateral hypertrophy of the lamina and facet joint. Bony decompression resulted in rapid neurological recovery.
Adult↗
Unusual mode of spread and presentation of meningioma: a case report.
Although rare, extracranial extension of a meningioma has been well documented. An interesting natural history of neglected meningioma with skull vault hyperostosis and predominantly extracranial extension is described. Following surgical resection of the highly vascular meningioma, the patient developed fatal coagulopathy.
Adult↗
Congenital absence of posterior elements of axis: a report of two cases.
We report two extremely unusual and remarkably similar patients having complete absence of all posterior elements of the axis vertebra and mobile, partially reducible dislocation of the axis over the third cervical vertebra. Anterior decompression followed by a fixation procedure appears to be a satisfactory form of treatment for this complex clinical problem.
Adolescent↗
Intracerebral hydatid cyst in a child with atrial septal defect.
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Brain Diseases↗
Isolated cerebral hydatid cysts: a comparative study of two different types of presentations.
OBJECTIVES: To demonstrate the existence of two imaging patterns of cerebral hydatidosis and discuss its clinical importance. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective review of six cases of cerebral hydatidosis using various imaging techniques including CT, MRI, angiography and cystogram. RESULTS: Clinically the most common findings included papilloedema, headache and vomiting. Two of the cases reported recurrence of symptoms and were reoperated. The first 4 cases presented the classical signs of unilocular well defined cysts while the last two cases had multilocular, often polygonal cysts with perifocal edema, calcification and membrane detachment. CONCLUSION: Two radiologically and pathologically distinct subtypes of hydatidosis exist. Division into groups may assist decision over treatment protocol.
Adult↗
The changed clinical spectrum of malaria due to drug resistance.
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Developing Countries↗
Echocardiography in patients with cerebral infarction.
Fifty consecutive patients of cerebral infarction underwent a detailed evaluation for the presence of cardiac disease, by means of a standard questionnaire, clinical examination, a 12 lead electrocardiogram, and a 2-D echo and colour Doppler examination. Only 9 patients had a normal echocardiogram, while as many as 27 (54%) demonstrated potential cardio-embolic abnormalities. Clinical and ECG evidence of pre-existent cardiac disease had been demonstrable in only 13 (26%) patients.
Adult↗
The dengue fever epidemic in Delhi.
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Dengue↗
Functionalized 1,3-teraryls as a new class of hepatoprotectants. Part V.
Functionalized 1,3-teraryls, synthesized through ring transformation of 6-aryl-3-carbomethoxy-4-methylthio-2H-pyran-2-one from arylketone have been screened for their hepatoprotective activity and of them have demonstrated significant protection in animal model.
Animals↗
Mitochondrial calcium in relaxed and tetanized myocardium.
The elemental composition of rat cardiac muscle was determined with electron probe x-ray microanalysis (EPMA) of rapidly frozen papillary muscles and trabeculae incubated with ryanodine (1 microM) in either 1.2 or 10 mM [Ca2+]o-containing solutions, paced at 0.6 Hz or tetanized at 10 Hz. Total mitochondrial calcium increased significantly, by 4.2 mmol/kg dry weight during a 7 s tetanus, only in muscles tetanized in the presence of 10 mM [Ca2+]o when cytoplasmic Ca2+ is 1-4 microM (Backx, P. H., W.-D. Gao, M. D. Azan-Backx, and E. Marban. 1995. The relationship between contractile force and intracellular [Ca2+] in intact rat trabeculae. J. Gen. Physiol. 105:1-19). Comparison of total mitochondrial with free mitochondrial Ca2+ reported in the literature indicates that the total/free ratio is approximately 6000 at physiological or near-physiological levels of total mitochondrial calcium. Increases in free mitochondrial [Ca2+] consistent with regulation of mitochondrial enzymes should be associated with increases in total mitochondrial calcium detectable with EPMA. However, such increases in mitochondrial calcium occur only as the result of prolonged, unphysiological elevations of cytosolic [Ca2+].
Animals↗
Putative membrane components of signal transduction pathways for ambient pH regulation in Aspergillus and meiosis in saccharomyces are homologous.
The zinc finger regions of the Aspergillus nidulans PacC transcription factor, mediating regulation of gene expression by ambient pH, and the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Rim1p transcription factor, mediating control of meiosis and invasiveness, are homologous and both transcription factors undergo proteolytic processing of the C-terminus for conversion to the functional form. In both cases, functioning of a signal transduction pathway involving several gene products is a necessary prerequisite for processing. We now show that the Aspergillus PalI pH signal transduction component is homologous to the Saccharomyces Rim9p meiotic signal transduction component throughout a region containing four hydrophobic, putative membrane-spanning segments. This suggests that PalI might be a membrane sensor for ambient pH. Deletion of the palI gene established that the less extreme phenotype of palI mutations compared with mutations in the other five genes of the pH signalling pathway is a general feature of palI mutations.
Amino Acid Sequence↗