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Biomedical subjects

A Girard

Publications and source records attributed to A Girard.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

Diurnal variations of plasma lipoproteins and liver lipids in rats fed starch sucrose or fat.

The incidence of the dietary source of energy on lipid transport and accumulation was investigated over a full nycthemeral cycle in adapted rats fed ad libitum. Starch, sucrose and lard were compared. Lipoprotein composition of the plasma, liver and plasma lipids and insulinemia were analyzed every 3 hours over 24 hours. The pattern of VLDL concentration was dependent on the nature of the energetic substrate. Feeding starch resulted in a remarkable stability of lipoproteins, liver and plasma lipids, despite clearcut diurnal variations in plasma non esterified fatty acids, insulinemia and liver glycogen. In sucrose-fed rats VLDL rose to a sharp maximum in the post prandial period (9-12:00) and were totally cleared by 18:00. In fat-fed rats, HDL were elevated during the night, suggesting a possible stimulation of their synthesis by dietary fat in the intestine. LDL were constantly elevated with peak values at 21:00 while VLDL were very low, even at night, despite elevated levels of non-esterified fatty acids. It is concluded that, in animals adapted to a high fat-diet, a high level of circulating non esterified fatty acids is not sufficient to promote the synthesis of VLDL. The main regulating factor appears to be the intensity of hepatic lipogenesis which is stimulated by sucrose and inhibited by lard. No correlation was found between variations in plasma VLDL and insulinemia.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

[Not Available].

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Demography↗
PubMed1977

Studies on intercellular adhesion. I. Adhesion of neural retina cells to isotypic aggregates in serum free medium.

A quantitative assay for intercellular adhesion, which is a modification of the collecting aggregate assay (Roth et al., '71) is described. The use of mechanically dissociated single cells labeled with 3H-leucine, and of a gyratory shaker increased considerably the efficiency of cell collection. With chick embryo neural retina, it was shown that isotypic cell adhesion occurs in simple synthetic media and even in sodium chloride solution suggesting that divalent cations do not play a major role in adhesion of these cells. Cell collection in media without serum was not affected by metabolic or protein synthesis inhibitors. However, cell adhesion was temperature-dependent since no collection occurred at 4 degrees C but was maximal at 38 degrees C.

Azides↗
PubMed1977

Studies on intercellular adhesion. II. Promoting effect of serum and proteins on adhesion of neural retina cells to isotypic aggregates.

The quantitative assay described in the preceding paper (Pessac et al., '77) was used to study the effects of serum and various proteins on isotypic adhesion of chick embryo neural retina cells. Fetal bovine, chicken, horse, rabbit and human sera promoted cell adhesion to the same extent. The same sera also enhanced isotypic adhesion of cells from other organs showing that the cell adhesion promoting activity of sera was not organ specific. Neural retina (NR) cell collection in serum supplemented medium was not modified by protein synthesis or metabolic inhibitors and was temperature dependent with a maximum at 38 degrees C. The higher temperature does not seem to be required for repair of the cell surface after dissociation, but for the process of adhesion itself. Various serum fractions and egg albumin showed a cell adhesion promoting activity similar to that of sera.

Azides↗
PubMed1976

Meningoencephalomyelitis in horses associated with equine herpesvirus 1 infection.

During an outbreak of abortion caused by equine herpesvirus 1, a neurologic disease characterized clinically by dullness and ataxia occurred in several mares. Equine herpesvirus 1 was isolated from brain and lung of two severely affected mares. Histologically, both mares had disseminated meningoencephalomyelitis characterized by necrotizing arteritis, focal malacia in grey and white matter of brain and spinal cord, and accumulation of lymphocytes and neutrophils in paravertebral ganglia. Eosinophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies occurred in foci of necrosis in thyroid adenomas of both mares.

Abortion, Veterinary↗
PubMed1976

A comparison of some serological tests for bluetongue virus infection.

The plaque neutralization, complement fixation, and agar gel precipitin tests were compared by measuring bluetongue virus antibody in 137 serums from experimental animals (cattle and sheep) and suspected field reactors (cattle and deer). In general, the tests agreed well with each other. Plaque neutralization titers began earlier than the other two and went much higher than the complement fixation titers. Plaque neutralization titers usually peaked between two and three weeks after exposure and complement fixation titers from four to six weeks. The greater sensitivity of the plaque neutralization test allowed the detection of all complement fixation and agar gel precipitin reactors whereas occasionally the latter two tests failed to detect plaque neutralization reactors.

Agar↗
PubMed1975

Viral susceptibility of a cell line derived from the pig oviduct.

Seventeen of 24 RNA viruses and eight of nine DNA viruses replicated in a cell line derived from a pig fallopian tube. The following RNA viruses grew poorly in it: the virus of transmissible gastroenteritis of pig and the swine-influenza, Sendai and bovine para-influenza type 3 viruses. Among other RNA viruses an untyped swine para-myxovirus and some picornaviruses, rhabdoviruses and togaviruses attained high titers and produced an extensive cytopathic effect. Among the DNA viruses a porcine adeno, equine rhinopneumonitis, infectious bovine rhinotraceheitis, pseudorabies and porcine cytomegalo viruses replicated in pig fallopian tube cells as well as in other cells generally used to grow them.

Adenoviridae↗
PubMed1972

The fluorescent antibody technique in the diagnosis of equine rhinopneumonitis virus abortion.

Using two known positive equine viral rhinopneumonitis (EVR) sera, conjugates were prepared with fluorescein isothiocyanate and tested for specificity using EVR infected tissue culture cells. The conjugate was then applied to selected tissues from 32 aborted fetuses and foals submitted during a natural outbreak of EVR. Antigen was detected in various tissues by immunofluorescence in 20 cases (62.5%). In 24 cases bovine fetal kidney cell monolayers were inoculated with a pool of lung and liver and EVR virus was isolated from 15 (62.5%). Histological examination of various tissues from 29 cases resulted in the diagnosis of EVR in 19 (65.5%), based upon the presence of focal areas of necrosis and intranuclear inclusion bodies. Correlation of results was not obtained in two cases. One was diagnosed positive histologically and negative on fluorescence, the other was negative histologically and by virus isolation but showed fluorescence. The distribution of fluorescence in various infected fetal tissues indicated that the combined examination of lung and thymus gland was most likely to provide a positive diagnosis.

Abortion, Veterinary↗
PubMed1971

Studies on bovine virus diarrhea: serum neutralization, complement-fixation and immunofluorescence.

The complement-fixation, the serum neutralization tests and the fluorescent-antibody technique were the serological methods applied in this laboratory for the detection of antigens for bovine virus diarrhea (BVD). As observed previously, the modified direct complement-fixation (MDCF) test was required to demonstrate antibodies against virus infections of cattle. At a certain stage of infection, the MDCF test was found to be as accurate and less time-consuming than the serum neutralization test for the detection of antibodies in bovine sera. The modified direct complement-fixing antibodies were detectable in the serum from approximately three weeks up to a few months after infection as compared to several years for the serum neutralization test. Thus, as in most other viral diseases, the MDCF test was of value for detecting recent infections while the serum neutralization test detects both recent and long-standing infections. The fluorescent antibody technique was of value to detect viral antigens of both cytopathogenic and noncytopathogenic strains of BVD in primary fetal kidney cell cultures inoculated with field specimens. In addition, the virus was detected in six of 220 fetuses collected at a local slaughter house for the preparation of primary cell cultures. The length of time required for the detection and identification of specific viral antigens by immunofluorescence was considerably reduced over that of the serum neutralization and virus interference tests.

Animals↗
PubMed1969

Serological comparison of hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis viruses isolated from different outbreaks.

Examination by the HI test of 20 representative HEV isolates reveals that only one of them, HEV-18 differs quantitatively from the others. The difference is confirmed qualitatively by the SN test. Both the HI and SN tests demonstrated that all the other HE viruses, though isolated from oubreaks of disease in widely separated areas of Canada over a period of eight years, represent a single strain.

Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests↗