[Hypercalcemia in chronic myeloid leukemia].
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Humans↗
Biomedical subjects
A Girard
Publications and source records attributed to A Girard.
Effects of plasmapheresis on short-term variability of blood pressure in healthy donors.
The acute effect of mild central hypovolaemia induced by plasmapheresis on the short-term variability of blood pressure and heart rate was evaluated in ten healthy donors. Indirect finger blood pressure was measured by a non-invasive device (Finapres). Analogue-to-digital conversion of the blood pressure was used to determine systolic, diastolic and mean blood pressure and heart rate every second. The equidistant sampling allowed a direct spectral analysis using a fast Fourier transform algorithm. Blood pressure and heart rate were maintained while an increased overall variability of blood pressure was observed after plasmapheresis. The increased total area under the curve of the systolic and diastolic blood pressure spectra was documented with the selective analysis of the three main components of the spectra: the increase in the oscillations of blood pressure following plasmapheresis predominated in the 66-129 mHz region, corresponding to Mayer waves. The spectral profile of HR was unaffected by plasmapheresis. The significant increase in the 10-s period oscillations of blood pressure after the mild central hypovolaemia could result from the unloading of cardiopulmonary (and arterial) baroreceptors which in turn could buffer the arterial pressure through sympathetic activation, detected on the systolic and diastolic pressure spectra in the low-frequency range.
Adult↗
Adoptive immunotherapy with bispecific antibodies: targeting through macrophages.
We report on two applications of bispecific antibodies to enhance the antitumoral function of human macrophages: (1) use of rhuIFN gamma (recombinant human IFN gamma) encapsulated in human red blood cells coated with anti-Fc gamma RI/anti-RhD+ bispecific antibodies to target and to activate human macrophages; encapsulated rhuIFN gamma was more potent than free IFN gamma in activating mature macrophages in vitro, demonstrating the efficacy of this delivery system to initiate in situ activation of macrophages and also to maintain a high antitumoral efficacy of macrophages with less side effects than after systemic injection of IFN gamma; (2) targeting of activated macrophages to tumours by bispecific antibodies directed against macrophage Fc gamma RI and against human adenocarcinoma antigen; differentiated human macrophages became cytotoxic for human adenocarcinoma in vitro and in vivo (tumours implanted in nude mice) when activated by rhuIFN gamma; this effect was increased in the presence of bispecific antibodies. These two approaches were aimed at increasing the efficacy of cellular immunotherapies using activated macrophages as effector cells (macrophage-activated killer, or MAK), an adoptive therapy which we have developed. Bispecific antibodies could increase specific homing and activation of cytotoxic MAK effectors at tumour sites.
Antibodies↗
Spectral analysis of short-term blood pressure and heart rate variability in uremic patients.
Short-term fluctuations in blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) were quantified to assess autonomic nervous system (ANS) dysfunction in six dialysis patients, compared to six control subjects of similar age. Indirect finger BP was measured by a Finapres device. Analog-to-digital conversion of the BP was used to determine systolic BP (SBP), diastolic BP (DBP) and HR every second. The equidistant sampling allowed a direct spectral analysis using a fast Fourier transform algorithm. Uremic patients exhibited reduced BP and HR short-term variabilities, with a dramatic reduction in the amplitude of the 0.1 Hz component (Mayer waves) of SBP and DBP spectra. Dialysis did not produce any consistent immediate improvement in the amplitude of the Mayer waves. Our study thus indicates impaired cardiovascular ANS function in uremic patients.
Adult↗
[Possible sexual transmission of hepatitis C virus].
The development of hepatitis C virus (HCV) serology has made it possible to identify high-risk populations. The predominant mode of contamination is parenteral, but the relative frequency of the so-called sporadic hepatitis C cannot be explained in this way, and this raises the question of possible sexual contamination. The risk of HCV being transmitted by sexual intercourse has been studied in 30 couples, each with one infected partner. Among the 30 HCV seropositive subjects, 18 were followed up for chronic hepatitis and 2 for haemophilia; 10 were recruited in sessions of blood donation. The other 30 partners were tested for HCV seropositivity and investigated for other possible risk factors by means of a questionnaire. Three of them had antibodies to HCV, but only one, whose partner had chronic hepatitis, showed no other source of contamination. The prevalence of HCV positivity was 3.3 percent overall and 5.5 percent in the chronic hepatitis group. Thus, the risk of HCV heterosexual contamination is low when compared with that of the other sexually transmitted diseases. However, the prevalence of HCV in this population seems to be 5 to 10 times higher on average than in the general population.
Adult↗
Compartmentalized system with membrane-bound glycerol kinase. Activity and product distribution versus asymmetrical substrate supply.
An artificial-membrane-bound glycerokinase chosen as a membrane-bound two-substrate-enzyme model has been used to separate two unequal compartments of a specially designed diffusion cell. An interesting feature is the asymmetry of compartments and the existence of a diffusion layer adjacent to only one face of the enzymic membrane. In such a situation the apparent enzyme activity and the product distribution in the system have been studied versus all the possibilities of combination of ATP and glycerol supply. Our approach has lead us to differentiate two different roles played by a diffusion layer adjacent to a permeable enzymic membrane. Depending on the spatial origin of the enzymic substrates (i.e. from which compartment they derive), the diffusion layer can play either the role of a passive additional resistance to that of the membrane or the role of a third compartment in which the reaction product can partially accumulate before splitting on both parts of the membrane. Our results mainly demonstrate that a membrane-bound enzyme activity and the resulting product distribution occurring in a compartmentalized system may be regulated by the cumulative effect due to the asymmetry in volumes of the compartments, the presence of a diffusion layer and the different possibilities of substrate supply. With the topography studied, which is close to that reported for many 'in vivo' situations, the product may be diffused lead to vectorial metabolism processes.
Enzymes, Immobilized↗
Effects of the converting enzyme inhibitor trandolapril on short-term variability of blood pressure in essential hypertension.
Short-term fluctuations in blood pressure and heart rate were analysed in a group of eight males with essential hypertension. Indirect finger blood pressure was measured by a non-invasive device (Finapres). Analogue-to-digital conversion of the blood pressure was used to determine systolic and diastolic blood pressure and heart rate every second. The equidistant sampling allowed a direct spectral analysis using a fast Fourier transformation algorithm. The effect of 7-day administration of the angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, transolapril (2 mg/day), was assessed in a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled cross-over study. After trandolapril there was a significant reduction in systolic blood pressure levels (-15 mmHg). The reduction in diastolic blood pressure did not reach significance. The standard deviation of systolic and diastolic blood pressure levels were significantly reduced (-20% and -22% for systolic and diastolic respectively). Neither average heart rate nor standard deviations of heart rate time series was affected by the angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor. Spectral analysis of fluctuation in blood pressure showed a reduction in the variability underlying the standard deviation changes of systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Trandolapril selectively reduced the amplitude of systolic and diastolic oscillations in the 66-129 mHz region, corresponding to Mayer waves. The significant decrease in the 10 s period oscillations of blood pressure after chronic angiotensin converting enzyme blockade with trandolapril could reflect reduced sympathetic outflow to vascular smooth muscle.
Adult↗
Immunoreactive beta-endorphin increases after an aspartame chocolate drink in healthy human subjects.
It has been claimed that sucrose intake induces a rise in beta-endorphins. In an attempt to discriminate between the sensorial and metabolic effects of sucrose intake in this process, the effects of two chocolate drinks were compared: one sweetened with 50 g of sucrose, the other with 80 mg of aspartame. Plasma beta-endorphin concentrations were more elevated after the aspartame drink than after sucrose or fasting, while insulin increased after drinking as much with aspartame as with sucrose. We suggest that the increase in beta-endorphin after aspartame edulcorated chocolate is related with insulin secretion in the absence of marked changes in blood glucose or with a direct effect of aspartame itself on beta-endorphin liberation.
Adolescent↗
Soluble CD8, IL-2 receptor, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels in steroid-resistant acute graft-versus-host disease. Relation with subsequent response to anti-IL-2 receptor monoclonal antibody treatment.
Serial determination of soluble CD8 (sCD8), soluble IL-2 receptors (sIL-2R), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha serum levels were performed in bone marrow transplant patients upon initiation, day 0 (D0) and at D10 of an anti-IL-2 receptor (alpha chain) monoclonal antibody (B-B10) in vivo treatment for steroid-resistant grade greater than or equal to 2 acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD). D0 and D10 sCD8 serum levels correlated strongly with response to B-B10 treatment (p = .003 and .001, respectively); 76% of the patients with D0 sCD8 levels less than 500 U/ml responded favorably to B-B10 treatment, versus only a 30% response if the sCD8 levels were greater than 500 U/ml (p = .02). Likewise, D0 tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels significantly correlated with subsequent response to B-B10 treatment (p = .03). D0 sIL-2R levels were not significantly different in B-B10-responsive and nonresponsive aGVHD patients. These results suggest that the serial determination of sCD8 and TNF serum levels could provide valuable predictive information as to steroid-resistant aGVHD responsiveness to anti-IL-2R treatment.
Adolescent↗
Effects of respiration on blood pressure and heart rate variability in humans.
1. Non-invasive continuous finger blood pressure (BP) measurement and a spectral technique based on the Fourier transform (FT) were recently combined to quantify short-term fluctuations in haemodynamic variables. 2. Systolic BP (SBP) recording combined low frequency (LF, Mayer waves) plus high frequency (HF, respiratory) oscillations. The presence of HF oscillations of SBP probably reflects fluctuations in cardiac output. Heart rate (HR) also exhibited a combination of low and HF (respiratory) oscillations. The vagus nerve mediates the efferent control of the respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA). 3. During controlled breathing in a supine position, a change in SBP is associated with an opposite consequent change in HR. Respiratory sinus arrhythmia could therefore depend on the baroreceptor-HR response to underlying SBP oscillations. 4. The fast regulation of R-R interval by SBP through the baroreceptor-HR reflex may explain why the respiratory variations in the diastolic BP are small.
Blood Pressure↗
Physical and dynamic characteristics of DC ablation in relation to the type of energy delivery and catheter design.
We evaluated and compared the in vitro characteristics of direct current ablation using high energy ablation (Hewlett-Packard defibrillator) and a new form of low energy ablation (low energy ablation power supply, Cardiac Recorders, UK). Two new catheters with a large distal electrode have been recently introduced for catheter ablation: a low energy 7F bipolar catheter (Bard) with a contoured distal electrode, and a 7F deflectable catheter with a 4-mm tip (Mansfield). In vitro studies were carried out in a large tank filled with physiological saline while recording voltage, current, and pressure. High speed cinematography at 32,000 frames per second (Cordin, Utah) was done to assess the dynamic behavior of the vapor globe with both systems of energy delivery. We evaluated shocks of 50, 100, 150, 200, and 300 joules with the conventional system, and shocks of 10, 15, 20, 30, and 40 joules with the new system, and also compared the effects of varying catheter design with both systems of energy delivery. The conventional system using high energy showed significant arcing and increases in pressure. Low energy direct current ablation produces nonarcing shocks with 20 joules or less, and significantly less vapor globe and gas formation during arcing shocks, with a shorter duration of increase in pressure. This new system using low energy direct current may reduce the risk and complications reported with high energy ablations.
Cardiology↗
In vitro and in vivo effects within the coronary sinus of nonarcing and arcing shocks using a new system of low-energy DC ablation.
DC shocks within the coronary sinus have been abandoned because of the risk of cardiac rupture and tamponade. Catheter ablation using DC energy to electrodes straddling the ostium of the coronary sinus, when used clinically, has been reported to result in cardiac tamponade in as many as 16% of patients. A new system of energy delivery maximizes voltage while decreasing the undesirable effects caused by barotrauma. This system includes 1) a low-energy ablation power supply with a brief time-constant capacitive discharge that delivers up to 40 J and 3,000 V and 2) a low-energy ablation catheter with a contoured distal electrode. We performed in vitro and in vivo studies of this new system and compared arcing shocks with nonarcing shocks. Ablations were performed using unipolar distal shocks (D) and unipolar shocks to both electrodes made electrically common (P-D). In vitro studies were done in a large tank filled with physiological saline while recording voltage, current, and pressure. High-speed cinematography (32,000 frames/sec) of shocks of 10-40 J permitted detailed analysis of the vapor globe. Anodal shocks of less than 20 J showed no arcing or only minimal vapor globe formation. For D and P-D anodal shocks of 40 J, the diameters of the vapor globe were 31 and 22 mm, respectively, corresponding to pressure recordings of 11 and 4.9 atm. The pressure rise lasted less than 50 mu sec. In vivo studies involved 18 dogs that received nonarcing shocks (one to six shocks of 15 J) and 18 dogs that received arcing shocks (one to three shocks of 40 J). Each group was divided between D and P-D shocks; catheter ablation was performed at a mean +/- SEM distance of 2.94 +/- 0.92 cm within the coronary sinus. All dogs tolerated the procedure without cardiac rupture or tamponade. When killed 2-4 days later, the dogs had edema and hyperemia or hemorrhage in the area of the coronary sinus. We compared the effects of multiple (three to six) nonarcing shocks with the effects of one to three arcing shocks. Disruption or rupture of the coronary sinus within the epicardial fat space occurred in two of 12 dogs (17%) with multiple nonarcing shocks but in 13 of 18 dogs (72%) with arcing shocks (p less than 0.003). Occlusion of the coronary sinus occurred in two of 12 dogs (17%) with multiple nonarcing shocks and in nine of 18 dogs (50%) with arcing shocks (p less than 0.06).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Animals↗
Effects of chronic beta-adrenoceptor blockade on variability in blood pressure and heart rate: a non-invasive spectral study.
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Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗
[Autochthonous typhoid fever in children. Value of the search fpr the source of contamination].
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Child, Preschool↗
Treatment of neuroblastoma using autologous peripheral blood stem cells.
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Adolescent↗
[Increased phosphorylations of proteins involved in the expression of the physiologic response of platelets in SHR rats].
In primary hypertension, phospholipase C (PLC) is hypersensitive in several target tissues (platelets, vascular smooth muscle cells, aortic fibroblasts). Protein kinase C (PKC) and myosin light chain kinase (MLCK), which are physiologically activated by PLC-triggered second messengers (diacylglycerol and Ca2+ ions, respectively), phosphorylate specific proteins closely involved in the cell functional responses. In this study, we have examined and compared between platelets of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and their normotensive controls Wistar-Kyoto (WKY), the patterns of protein phosphorylation obtained either with the receptor-mediated agonist thrombin (i.e. which acts via PLC) or with direct activators of the protein kinases, PKC and MLCK. Activation by thrombin of 32P-prelabeled platelets induced incorporation of radioactivity into two proteins, P20 (myosin light chain) and P47. The curves obtained when platelets were challenged with either increasing doses of thrombin (0.025-0.3 U/ml) for 20 sec or with a low dose of the agent (0.1 U/ml) for up to 1 min, revealed that phosphorylation of the target proteins of PKC (P47) and of MLCK (P20) were significantly enhanced in platelets of SHR compared to WKY. In contrast, direct activation of PKC by phorbol ester and of MLCK by the calcium ionophore A23187 evoked the selective phosphorylation of the respective target proteins, P47 and P20, to a similar extent in platelets of SHR and WKY. Taken together, these results demonstrate that a physiological agonist (thrombin) induces an enhanced phosphorylation of intracellular proteins in platelets of SHR.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Animals↗
[Cell proliferation in human cerebral tumors. In vivo study of 45 cases by incorporation of 5-iododesoxyuridine].
A method to study the proliferation of human brain tumors, is presented. Non radioactive 5-Iododeoxyuridine (2.4 gr) infused over a 24 hours period is detected in situ on histologic section by an immunological technique (peroxidase-anti-peroxidase) using a specific anti-Iododeoxyuridine antibody. This exploration utilised in 45 patients is easy, reliable and harmless. All cells which enter in S phase of cellular cycle during the infusion are labelled. So the cellular kinetics of all the brain tumor cells (malignant cells, inflammatory stroma reaction cells, reactive astrocytes, endothelial and muscular cells of the vessels) are detected on the same histological section, as well as all the others proliferative cells of the body (leukocytes, primitive tumor of the metastatic brain localisation...) if multiples biopsies are done. 8 of 9 gliomas of low histological malignancy (grade I and II) have a slow cellular kinetic. The 23 astrocytomas of different histological malignancy (grade III and IV) have variable proliferative speed (7 very fast, 8 fast and 8 slow). Only the large cells of the pinealoma are very proliferative, the lymphoid stroma is quiescent. The 5 metastasis have a slow to very fast kinetic without correlation with the cellular differentiation except in one case (important differentiation and slow cellular proliferation). The 5 lymphoma cells kinetics are well correlated with the histologic differentiation (3 large cells poor differentiated lymphomas and very fast kinetic, 2 better differentiated and slower proliferation). The 2 meningiomas proliferate slowly. The biochemical and histopathological grounds of the presented method and the limits of quantification are discussed. This method is compared with this using Bromodeoxyuridine. The correlation between proliferation and histologic malignancy is analysed. The use of cytokinetic results for therapeutic and prognosis need further statistical anatomoclinical studies.
Adult↗
[Hydroxy 9-methyl 2-ellipticinium acetate (NSC 264-137). Toxicologic study and therapeutic effect in 100 cancers (author's transl)].
A new derivative of ellipticine, hydroxy-9-methyl-2-ellipticinium acetate, was found to be a useful anti-tumor drug in advanced cancers which could not be treated any longer successfully by any other procedure. In our series of 100 patients, the best results were obtained with bone metastases from breast carcinomas and with anaplastic thyroid carcinomas. Most patients usually received a weekly perfusion of 80 mg/m2. The main characteristic of this drug is its lack of hematologic, and hepatic toxicity. No renal trouble was observed during the first year, but 2 deaths from renal insufficiency occured during the 18th and 15th month of treatment. The most frequent side effect consists of digestive troubles (nausea, vomiting) which rarely compelled to stop the treatment (4 times in 100 patients).
Alkaloids↗