Nuclear PTEN: a tale of many tails.
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Amino Acid Sequence↗
Biomedical subjects
A Gil
Publications and source records attributed to A Gil.
Differential pulse voltammetry and additive differential pulse voltammetry with solvent polymeric membrane ion sensors.
The ion transfer across the water-solvent polymeric membrane interface is investigated by using a new device based on a modification of a commercial ion-selective electrode body that permits the accommodation of a platinum counter electrode inside the inner filling solution compartment and, therefore, use of a four-electrode potentiostat with ohmic drop compensation. This device is used here to apply two different double potential pulse techniques--differential pulse voltammetry and additive differential pulse voltammetry--which are more advantageous than other voltammetric techniques, such as normal pulse voltammetry or cyclic voltammetry, for the determination of the characteristic electrochemical parameters of the system. This is due to the concurrence of two factors in these double potential pulse techniques, the peak-shaped response together with a considerable reduction of undesirable current contributions.
Ions↗
Postprandial response of trans fatty acids in prepubertal obese children.
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the intake, plasma concentrations and postprandial response of trans fatty acids in obese and control children at prepubertal age in order to detect potential associations with childhood obesity. DESIGN: Case-control study, clinical dietary intervention with a 428 kcal standardized breakfast and longitudinal 3 h postprandial follow-up for trans fatty acid plasma levels. SUBJECTS: Fifty-four children aged 6-13 years of both sexes, 34 obese (body mass index >97th percentile for age and sex) and 20 non-obese (control group) at prepubertal period (Tanner I). MEASUREMENTS: Various anthropometric parameters and sex hormones, fasting insulin and glucose, estimation of dietary trans fatty acid intake and their plasma quantitation in fasting conditions, and for 3 h following intake of a standardized breakfast. RESULTS: Dietary trans fatty acid intake was less than 0.4% of total energy in both groups, with a trend towards higher intake in obese children. Fasting plasma trans fatty acid concentrations and percentages were similar in both groups. However, trans fatty acid levels at +3 h were significantly higher than at 0 h in obese children, but not in controls (obese, 0 h: 2.38+/-0.29; 3 h: 3.62+/-0.45; controls, 0 h: 2.29+/-0.24; 3.14+/-0.49 mg/dl); cis monounsaturated fatty acid concentrations were not significantly affected by the postprandial interval. Obese children exhibited hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance; however, trans fatty acid intake or their plasma levels were not associated with them. CONCLUSION: There is a low intake of trans fatty acids in Southern Spanish children, which is supported by their low concentrations in plasma. No difference in trans fatty acid intake is observed between obese and control children, although plasma levels remain higher in obese than in control children after 3 h of a meal. A marked insulin resistance is seen in obese, but it is not correlated with either trans fatty acid intake or plasma concentration.
Adolescent↗
Economic evaluation of varicella vaccination in Spain: results from a dynamic model.
Varicella is a universal childhood disease in Spain, causing approximately 400,000 cases, 1,500 hospitalizations and 15 deaths every year. The aim of this study is to determine the economic impact of childhood varicella vaccination on the burden of disease and associated costs by using a dynamic model. The analysis is based on the varicella transmission model developed by Halloran and adapted to the Spanish context. Cost data (Euro, 2004) were derived from previous studies and official tariffs. Two vaccination scenarios were analysed: (1) routine vaccination program for children aged 1-2 years, and (2) routine vaccination program for children aged 1-2 years completed by a catch-up program during the first year of vaccine marketing for children aged 2-11 years. The analysis considers that a similar coverage rate to the MMR one would be achieved (97.15%). A societal perspective, including direct and indirect costs, and a health care payor perspective were adopted. A probabilistic sensitivity analysis was performed. A routine vaccination program has a positive impact on varicella-related morbidity: the number of varicella cases is estimated to be reduced by 89%, and 1230 hospitalizations are prevented. From the societal perspective, scenario (1) is cost-saving whether or not indirect costs are considered (-51 and -4%, respectively). From the Health Care System the strategy is cost-effective, with a cost-effectiveness ratio estimated at 3,982 Euro per life-year gained, although it leads to a small increase in the costs. Considering the impact of vaccination on morbidity and costs, a routine childhood vaccination program against varicella is worth while in Spain without taking into account the potential impact on HZ.
Adolescent↗
Efficacy and safety of amlodipine: a comparative study of hypertensive patients treated at primary- and specialised-care centres.
BACKGROUND: This study set out to assess the safety and efficacy of amlodipine in two cohorts of patients who were attended in primary- and specialised-care centres, respectively. METHODS: Prospective, observational, multicentre pharmacovigilance study including patients aged >18 years who presented with a diagnosis of hypertension (systolic blood pressure [SBP] >or=140 mm Hg and diastolic blood pressure [DBP] >or=90 mm Hg) of >6 months' duration, which was either untreated or uncontrolled, and who were followed up by general practitioners and specialists over a period of 4-6 months. RESULTS: Of the total of 4277 patients included in the study, 2520 (58.9%) were attended in primary care and 1757 (41.1%) in specialised care. 2982 patients (69.7%) were receiving monotherapy, the rest were receiving combined therapy. Over the course of the study, 308 patients (7.2%) experienced adverse events related to the study drug, mostly mild to moderate in nature. There were 20 serious events, although none was related to the study drug. By the end of the study, 1617 patients (37.8%) had achieved the therapeutic goal (SBP <140 mm Hg and DBP <90 mm Hg), with the greatest degree of control being registered among patients receiving combined therapy compared with monotherapy (38.7% vs 35.7%), and in those treated in a specialised-care setting versus a primary-care setting (43.5% vs 33.8%; p < 0.005). CONCLUSIONS: Amlodipine was shown to be a well tolerated and effective drug in one in three patients, and achieved the therapeutic goal in a higher proportion of patients at specialised-care centres compared with those in primary care, and in those receiving combined therapy compared with monotherapy.
Adult↗
Dietary lipids and cancer.
Cancer is one of the main causes of death in Western countries. Among the factors that contribute to the appearance of this disease, diet has a fundamental role, and specifically fats are the main component related to the increase in the incidence of cancerous diseases, particularly breast, colon-rectal, and prostate cancer. From dietary lipids, much attention has been given to the beneficial effects of fish oil, rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids n-3 serie, as well as of olive oil, rich in monounsaturated fatty acids--primarily oleic acid. On the contrary, a negative effect has been reported for polyunsaturated fatty acids n-6 serie and for saturated fatty acids. Nutrition constitutes an important aspect of the life of cancer patients. Currently, nutritional formulas are being designed with supplements of polyunsaturated n-3 fatty acids and other components such as arginine, RNA, lysine, etc., with the aim of ameliorating the effects of this pathology. The results demonstrate the lower morbility and therefore improved quality of life, a decline in mortality, and a reduction in related costs.
Breast Neoplasms↗
Bioecological and nutritional control of disease: prebiotics, probiotics and synbiotics.
A growing number of patients worlwide suffer acute and chronic diseases. Evidence supports the association of chronic diseases to modern lifestyle habits and malfunction of the immune system. Morbidity and mortality for patients affected of chronic diseases is unacceptably high despite advanced surgical and medical treatments. Nowadays there is an increasing interest in the bioecological and nutritional control of diseases. The use of prebiotics, probiotics and synbiotics, e.g. antioxidants, anti-inflammatory omega-3 lipid emulsions, bioactive fibers, lactic acid bacteria (LAB), etc, appears as a new tool for the treatment of disease. The effects of antioxidants and omega-3 lipid emulsions remain largely unexplored, but significant modulatory effects on neutrophils and morbidity have been observed. It is burning that these compounds are tried in patients including surgically and critically ill patients. Some bioactive fibers and some probiotic bacteria have demonstrated extraordinary efficacy to restore and maintain immunity and prevent complications. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have demonstrated ability to reduce or eliminate potential pathogen micro-organisms, as well as various toxins, mutagens and carcinogens; they also promote apoptosis, synthesize and release numerous nutrients, antioxidants, growth-factors, coagulation and other bioactive compounds, and modulate the innate and adaptive immune defence mechanisms. More recent studies suggest that LAB promote and maintain gastrointestinal (GI) motility and prevent GI paralysis and postoperative ileus and have the ability to inhibit inflammation. Further studies are needed to ascertain the molecular mechanisms by which pre-, pro- and synbiotics influence the outcome in a variety of acute and chronic diseases.
Forecasting↗
[Non-aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: 60 cases].
INTRODUCTION: Spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is idiopathic in 15% of cases. They represent a group whose characteristics are different from those with an aneurysmal etiology. We present a retrospective longterm follow up of 60 patients, analyzing symptomatology, complications and evolution and identify a subgroup of patients with a perimesencephalic pattern (PMP) in computed tomography (CT) for their excellent prognosis. METHODS: We collected information on 60 patients admitted to our center between 1992 and 2000 and divided them into three groups, according to neuroimage: 26 had a PMP, 28 showed an aneurysmal pattern (AP), and 6 patients had normal TC, with complete arteriographic study. Length of follow-up was 6-24 months. RESULTS: All of the 26 patients with SAH and PPM pattern were rated grade I-II on the Hunt-Hess scale. None of them had complications during hospital stay and at long term, 22 (84%) were asymptomatic, while 4 (16%) reported cephalea. Out of 28 patients with SAH and AP, 22 were rated Hunt-Hess Scale grade I and II (78%), 5 grade III (18%) and one patient was rated grade IV. Rebleeding caused death in one of them, and two required drainage for hydrocephalia. A total of 68% (19 patients) were asymptomatic and the others complained of cephalea. CONCLUSIONS: We stress the good evolution of nonaneurysmal SAH at short and long term, especially those following a PMP with absence of complication.
Female↗
[Plan for stroke healthcare delivery].
INTRODUCTION: All stroke patients should receive the same degree of specialized healthcare attention according to the stage of their disease, independently of where they live, their age, gender or ethnicity. OBJECTIVE: To create an organized healthcare system able to offer the needed care for each patient, optimizing the use of the existing resource. METHODS: A committee of 14 neurologists specialized in neurovascular diseases representing different regions of Spain evaluated the available scientific evidence according to the published literature. RESULTS: During the acute phase, all stroke patients must be evaluated in hospitals that offer access to specialized physicians (neurologists) and the indicated diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. Hospitals that deliver care to acute stroke patients must be prepared to attend these patients and need to arrange a predefined transferring circuit coordinated with the extrahospitalary emergency service. Since resources are limited, they should be structured into different care levels according to the target population. Thus, three types of hospitals will be defined for stroke care: reference stroke hospital, hospital with stroke unit, hospital with stroke team.
Delivery of Health Care↗
Application of PCR technique in diagnosis of small ruminant lentivirus infection in sheep and goats.
Detection of small ruminant lentiviruses (SRLVs) in sheep and goats usually relies on serological testing. In this study, we evaluated semi-nested PCR and nested PCR techniques applied as a diagnostic tool for detection of maedi-visna virus (MVV) and caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus (CAEV) in naturally infected sheep and goats, respectively. The examination of 193 ovine and 85 caprine serum samples by the ELISA revealed the presence of specific antibodies in 133 (69%) and 18 (21.2%) animals, respectively. Presence of proviral DNA was manifested in 103 (53.4%) sheep and 12 (14.2%) goats. Despite the relatively lower sensitivity of PCR, the fact of detection of proviral DNA in 19 out of 60 ovine samples and 7 out of 67 caprine samples collected from animals previously negative by ELISA was noteworthy. In conclusion, the data demonstrated that combinations of both ELISA and PCR might afford optimal detection of SRLVs infection.
Animals↗
Effect of the platinum content on the microstructure and micropore size distribution of Pt/alumina-pillared clays.
The aim of this work is to study the effect of the platinum content (0-1.8 wt % Pt) on the microstructure of an alumina-pillared clay. For this purpose, the nitrogen physisorption data at -196 degrees C, the micropore size distributions of the supported platinum catalysts, and the hydrogen chemisorption results at 30 degrees C have been analyzed and compared. The preparation of the catalysts has modified the textural properties of the Al-pillared clay support, giving rise to a loss of surface area and micropore volume. After reduction at 420 degrees C, the presence of dispersed metallic platinum with mean crystallite size in the 22-55 A range has been found by hydrogen adsorption. Comparison of all results reveals that the platinum species block the micropore entrances by steric hindrance to nitrogen access as the platinum content increases.
Journal Article↗
Seroprevalence of varicella among children and adolescents in Valencia, Spain. Reliability of the parent's reported history and the medical file for identification of potential candidates for vaccination.
This study assessed the seroprevalence of varicella antibodies in children and adolescents in Spain and evaluated the reliability of two methods for detecting susceptible individuals: (1) parental-reported history of varicella and (2) medically-documented histories maintained by the pediatrician. A total of 186 children (6 to 15 years of age) were recruited in 13 pediatric offices of Valencia, Spain. A brief case report form was completed including previous history of varicella referred by the parents, and a 5 mL blood sample was obtained. The pediatrician medical file was reviewed for antecedent of varicella. The overall prevalence of varicella antibodies was 84% and 88% in the 6-9 years and 10-15 years age brackets, respectively. The predictive value of a negative history of varicella disease was 48% by parental recall (52% "false negative"), and only 26% by medical record (74% "false negative"). However, the positive predictive value of a positive parental reported history or a positive medically-documented history was 95%. The most effective strategy for varicella vaccination of older children and adolescents in Spain will be to immunize those individuals with a lack of positive (unknown or negative) history of disease.
Adolescent↗
Systemic lupus erythematosus in Europe at the change of the millennium: lessons from the "Euro-Lupus Project".
The "Euro-Lupus Cohort" is composed by 1000 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) that have been followed prospectively since 1991. These patients have been gathered by a European consortium--the "Euro-Lupus Project Group". This consortium was originated as part of the network promoted by the "European Working Party on SLE", a working group created in 1990 in order to promote research in Europe on the different problems related to this disease. The "Euro-Lupus Cohort" provides an updated information on the SLE morbidity and mortality characteristics in the present decade as well as defines several clinical and immunological prognostic factors.
Age of Onset↗
Protective effects of Rosmarinus tomentosus ethanol extract on thioacetamide-induced liver cirrhosis in rats.
The capability of an ethanol extract of Rosmarinus tomentosus to protect rat liver in an experimental model of cirrhosis induced by thioacetamide (TAA) has been evaluated. Four groups of rats were used: Two of them received 300 mg TAA/l in the drinking water for 3 months while the other two, which served as controls, were given water ad libitum. During the same period and for each one of the treatments, one group received a semi-purified (SP) diet and the other one was fed the same diet supplemented with 1% of the dry residue obtained from R. tomentosus ethanol extract (SP+E). There was a significant reduction of TAA toxicity in rats fed the SP+E diet, as assessed by plasma and liver biochemical markers, and by liver histopathology. Plasma total protein concentration was restored, urea concentration and plasma alkaline phosphatase and gamma-glutamyl-transferase activities were reduced. A significant correction of plasma fatty acids concentrations was also evident. Hepatic alkaline phosphatase and gamma-glutamyl-transferase activities were significantly reduced in animals fed SP+E diet and glucose-6-phosphatase activity was significantly enhanced. The results suggest that R. tomentosus ethanol extract administered in the diet affords protection against TAA-induced cirrhosis, preventing most of the histological changes and functionality alterations own to this experimental pathology.
Animals↗
Effect of the intercalation conditions of a montmorillonite with octadecylamine.
Intercalation of montmorillonite with octadecylamine under several conditions is reported. Octadecylamine was protonated in situ with HCl to obtain octadecylammonium cations. Water and water/ethanol mixtures were used as reaction medium, and the ratios amine/clay and HCl/amine were also varied. Intercalation was successful when the amine/clay ratio was in the range 1-3 mmol/g; optimal results were obtained for an amine/clay ratio of 2.0 mmol/g. For a given amine/clay ratio, the HCl/amine ratio also influences the intercalation. Basal spacings of the intercalated solids were between 13.4-36.7 angstroms. The amount of organic matter incorporated into the solids also varied widely; up to 40 wt% is fixed. Specific surface area is very low in all the intercalated solids because of the blockage of the clay porosity by the organic molecules. Co-intercalation of octadecylammonium and of the inorganic polycation [Al13O4(OH)24(H2O)12]7+ was also considered, giving rise to intercalated solids with basal spacings between 17 and 22 A, also with a high fixation of organic matter.
Journal Article↗
Seroprevalence of varicella antibodies in healthcare workers and health sciences students. Reliability of self-reported history of varicella.
The objective of this study was to assess the seroprevalence of varicella antibodies in healthcare workers and students of healthcare professions and to determine the validity of the self-reported varicella history for detecting susceptible subjects. Personnel of a general hospital and students were recruited and a 5 mL blood sample was obtained from all participants. A case report form, including previous self-reported history of varicella, was completed. A total of 91 healthcare workers (mean age, 30.6 years; S.D., 4.0; range, 23-40) and 92 students (mean age, 19.8 years; S.D., 2.5; range, 18-25) were recruited. The prevalence of varicella antibodies was 91.2% in healthcare workers and 92.1% in students. Overall, the sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of a self-reported history of varicella were 68.4%, 66.7%, 95.4% and 17.2%, respectively. The preferred approach in these groups at risk of varicella will be to undergo serologic testing before immunization in those with negative or unknown history of varicella.
Adolescent↗
Dietary supplementation with monounsaturated and long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids influences the liver structural recovery and hepatocyte binuclearity in female Wistar rats in experimental cirrhosis induced by thioacetamide.
UNLABELLED: Oral administration of 300 mg/l thioacetamide (TAA) for 4 months causes hepatic lesions comparable to those described in alcoholic liver cirrhosis in humans and associated protein-energy malnutrition. In this sense, direct supplementation with monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) and/or polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) might provide an advantage in the correction of the fatty acid deficiency in these patients. PUFAs are essential components of cell membranes maintaining its fluidity and function, important energy sources, and precursors of eicosanoids. Moreover, these fatty acids also modulate gene transcription, mRNA stability, and cellular differentiation. METHODS: Fifty-four female Wistar rats (Interfauna Ibérica, Barcelona, Spain) weighing 110-120 g were used in this study. The animals were divided into two groups: one group was treated with 300 mg/l TAA dissolved in drinking water during 4 months, and the other group, which served as a control, was given water without TAA. To evaluate the changes induced by the administration of TAA for 4 months, TAA-treated (n = 7) and control animals (n = 5) were killed. Then, the TAA treatment was stopped and the rest of the animals in both TAA and control groups were divided into three experimental groups and three control groups which received for 2 weeks different type of diets. Using the TAA-induced liver cirrhosis model in rats, we analysed the effects of dietary supplementation with MUFAs and PUFAs on binuclearity and ultrastructure of hepatocytes. After TAA-induced cirrhosis, we analysed whether dietary supplementation with fatty acids may restore the normal percentage of binucleated cells, as well as the ultrastructure, nuclear area, and nuclear/cytoplasm index of hepatocytes. RESULTS: Treatment with TAA causes cirrhosis characterized by the appearance of parenchyma nodules and fibrous septae, as well as qualitative and quantitative alterations in liver and plasma lipids. Our results indicate that dietary MUFAs support hepatocyte recovery regarding its ultrastructural and morphometric values. However, PUFAs-enriched diets (n-3 and n-3 + n-6) do not correct hepatomegaly, fibrosis or lipid accumulation. Thus, dietary PUFAs do not enhance hepatocyte recovery from morphological and ultrastructural alterations. CONCLUSIONS: In our experimental model of cirrhosis, dietary supplementation with a high proportion of long-chain PUFAs (n-3 or n-6) negatively influences liver recovery. This negative effect was likely due to the increased susceptibility of cell membranes to lipid peroxidation, together with an alteration in lipid metabolism.
Animals↗
Usual diet in Bubis, a rural immigrant population of African origin in Madrid.
OBJECTIVE: To assess the usual diet of an immigrant Bubis population living in Madrid, the main ethnic group from the Island of Bioco, Equatorial Guinea, and explore how different it is from the predominant diet in West Africa and from the adult population of Madrid. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. We randomly selected a sample of 213 Bubis aged 18-84 years, 83 men and 130 women, who were born in Bioco, emigrated and now live in the Madrid area. Participants were interviewed about their usual diet with the use of a food frequency questionnaire. Height and weight were also measured during interviews and prevalence of obesity was estimated as a body mass index (kg m(-2)). SETTING: The urban area of Madrid in 2001. RESULTS: The diet of the Bubis living in the metropolitan area of Madrid resembles more the urban diet observed among Spanish people than the traditional rural diet observed among people of West Africa. The percentage of calories from fat, protein and carbohydrates was 33.9, 18.3 and 47.7%, respectively. The Bubi diet presented a much higher protein intake and much lower fat intake than the usual diet in Cameroon. The usual Bubi diet also contained more protein and less fat and alcohol than the predominant diet of adult population living in the Madrid area. Women presented higher prevalence of obesity (23.2%) than men (11.0%), and even higher than that observed among Spanish women. CONCLUSIONS: The first immigrant generation of Bubis in Madrid showed food and nutrient intakes closer to the prevalent diet in Madrid than to the diet of their native land. The impact of this westernization of the diet of this and other immigrant populations in Spain needs to be monitored in the future.
Adolescent↗