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Biomedical subjects

A Gelman

Publications and source records attributed to A Gelman.

44 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Surface-modified diamond nanoparticles as antigen delivery vehicles.

Recognition of antigens by immunocompetent cells involves interactions that are specific to the chemical sequence and conformation of the epitope (antigenic determinant). Adjuvants that are currently used to enhance immunity to antigens tend to either alter the antigen conformation through surface adsorption or shield potentially critical determinants, e.g., functional groups. It is demonstrated here that surface-modified diamond nanoparticles (5-300 nm) provide conformational stabilization, as well as a high degree of surface exposure to protein antigens. By enhancing the availability and activity of the antigen in vivo, a strong, specific immune response can be elicited. Results are demonstrated for mussel adhesive protein (MAP), a substance for which conventional adjuvants have proven only marginally successful in evoking an immune response. Surface-modified diamond nanoparticles as antigen delivery vehicles are a novel example of the exciting marriage of materials science, chemistry, and biology.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Reducing waste contamination from animal-processing plants by anaerobic thermophilic fermentation and by flesh fly digestion.

There is currently no market in Israel for the large amounts of waste from fish- and poultry-processing plants. Therefore, this waste is incinerated, as part of the measures to prevent the spread of pathogens. Anaerobic methanogenic thermophilic fermentation (AMTF) of wastes from the cattle-slaughtering industry was examined previously, as an effective system to treat pathogenic bacteria, and in this article, we discuss a combined method of digestion by thermophilic anaerobic bacteria and by flesh flies, as a means of waste treatment. The AMTF process was applied to the wastes on a laboratory scale, and digestion by rearing of flesh fly (Phaenicia sericata) and housefly (Musca domestica) larvae on the untreated raw material was done on a small scale and showed remarkable weight conversion to larvae. The yield from degradation of poultry waste by flesh fly was 22.47% (SD = 3.89) and that from fish waste degradation was 35.34% (SD = 12.42), which is significantly higher than that from rearing houseflies on a regular rearing medium. Bacterial contents before and after thermophilic anaerobic digestion, as well as the changes in the chemical composition of the components during the rearing of larvae, were also examined.

Abattoirs↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Drug delivery systems for the future.

Parenteral drug delivery systems have the potential to make drugs both safer and more effective. While research in this field has been active for over 30 years, the current fiscal constraints of health care delivery add a greater degree of urgency to finding a working system. The three competing technologies currently under development include prodrug or zymogen-like systems, simple soluble macromolecular systems, and complex particulate multicomponent systems. In this review, the advantages, disadvantages, and areas for further development of these three basic technology systems are compared and contrasted; the biophysical constraints are considered; and a model solution system using surface modified nanocrystalline ceramics is described.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗