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Biomedical subjects

A Gaston

Publications and source records attributed to A Gaston.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

MRI in the diagnosis of so-called pituitary apoplexy: seven cases.

The authors describe seven cases of pituitary adenoma with acute neurological symptoms (the so-called pituitary apoplexy), which were examined by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Four patients underwent surgery and the diagnosis of pituitary adenoma was histologically confirmed. In 3 patients, conservative treatment was decided and serial MRI examinations showed progressive decrease in size of the tumour, leading in one case to an empty sella. Computerized tomography (CT) was positive in all 7 cases, but less contributive than T1-weighted MRI images both for tumoral volume determination and detection of intratumoral haemorrhage. Although theoretical problems may arise concerning the diagnosis of acute intratumoral bleeding at an early stage, the authors emphasize the value of MRI in showing the extension of the tumor into the retroclival cistern and the cavernous sinus, especially when surgery is not performed in the acute period.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1989

Magnetic resonance imaging in the exploration of dissection of the internal carotid artery.

Five patients with recent spontaneous or post-traumatic dissection of the internal carotid artery (ICA) were explored by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), using T1-weighted axial sections in all cases. In four patients examined during the subacute phase (after 7 days) the diagnosis of ICA dissection was strongly suspected on the association of a very high intensity signal produced by the parietal haematoma with a contiguous signal void area corresponding to the lumen of the ICA. A control MRI examination performed in two patients 2 months after the onset of dissection showed that it had regressed and that the carotid arteries were patent, which was confirmed by angiography. In the fifth patient MRI provided evidence for the evolution of a post-traumatic dissection towards thrombosis. The MRI image of carotid dissection at the subacute phase seems to be characteristic. MRI is also useful to follow up dissections under treatment and to postpone angiography. The latter, however, remains necessary to investigate for associated arterial dysplasia and to evaluate the sequelae of dissection.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

The normal vascularization of the intradural filum terminale in man.

The arterial and venous blood-supply of the intradural filum terminale was studied microscopically in 18 fresh cadavers after removing the dorsolumbar spinal cord in one piece, with the roots and the filum in their dural sheath. The arteries were examined after manual injection of the artery of the lumbar enlargement, while study of the veins was made without injection since their bluish-black color made them easily identifiable. After gross examination, each specimen was fixed and then sectioned at 12 different levels from the medullary conus to the bottom of the dural sac for histologic study. The distribution of the vascularization of the filum terminale appeared constant. A single artery, the artery of the filum, arises from the termination of the anterior spinal axis, either by trifurcation or from the proximal part of one of the 2 branches of the anastomotic ansa of the conus. The artery travels in front of the filum, with rapidly diminishing caliber; rarely, it can be followed into the sacral canal. The vein of the filum travels in front of that structure but behind the artery, as in the cord; its caliber is uniform but varies from subject to subject. It traverses the dura below and is continuous with the anterior spinal vein above. No vessels were found on the dorsal aspect of the filum. While the artery of the filum is of a caliber proportional to that of the filum and appears to be a nutrient vessel, the vein has a caliber unrelated to that of the filum and appears rather as an intradural drainage route continuous with the anterior spinal vein.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Angiography↗
PubMed1987

Extensive form of progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy associated with laryngeal carcinoma.

A case is reported of the rare association between progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy and carcinoma. A 66-year-old man underwent a laryngectomy for carcinoma. Four years later he developed a local recurrence. Simultaneously there were behavioural disturbances and a left motor neglect followed by dense hemiplegia and coma. The patient died a further 5 months later. Anergy was demonstrated by skin tests. CT scan showed asymmetrical non-enhancing low-density areas in the hemispheric white matter, brain-stem and cerebellum and neuropathological examination confirmed extensive myelin loss with typical papovavirus inclusions in oligodendrocytes identified by electron microscopy.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

Vertebral hemangiomas presenting with neurologic symptoms.

Six cases of spinal hemangiomas with neurologic symptoms are reported. In three of them the diagnosis was obtained before surgery using plain x-rays and spinal computed tomography scan or biopsy. In the other cases the diagnosis was not done before surgery. In two cases preoperative embolization had minimized blood loss during surgery. Laminectomy was performed in three cases. Large removal and/or vertebrectomy was carried out in the other cases. Our results and a review of the literature about the investigations and treatment of vertebral hemangiomas led us to propose a stereotypical management of spinal hemangiomas with neurologic symptoms.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Symptomatic xanthogranuloma of the choroid plexus of the third ventricle. A new case with ultrastructural study.

The clinicopathological findings in a new case of a surgically removed, symptomatic xanthogranuloma of the third ventricle are reported. Ultrastructural study showed that the lining epithelium of the tumor was composed of typical leptomeningeal cells, and that transitional forms from leptomeningeal cells into xanthomatous cells were present in the underlying fibrous capsule. These findings support the hypothesis of a leptomeningeal origin of the foamy cells in the present case. The ten cases reported previously of symptomatic xanthogranuloma of the third ventricle are reviewed. We suggest that xanthogranulomas of the choroid plexus might represent a heterogenous entity arising from xanthomatous changes involving various types of cells.

Brain Diseases↗
PubMed1987

High-grade malignant cutaneous plasmacytoma metastatic to the central nervous system. A case report with electron microscopy, immunohistological, and neuropathological studies.

A case of high-grade malignant extramedullary plasmacytoma (EMP), unusual in its initial cutaneous localization and major involvement in the central nervous system rapidly resulting in death, is reported. Light- and electron-microscopic studies of a skin nodule revealed a high proportion of immature and mature plasmacytes. Immunohistological study revealed that both cells synthesized different amounts of a monotypic cytoplasmic kappa light chain. Neuropathological study revealed extensive infiltration of the leptomeninges and perivascular spaces as far as the deep parenchyma. In several places, effraction of vessels resulted in parenchymatous, tumor-like, plasmacytic infiltration. The findings of this case were compared with those of the few previously reported cases of EMP with initial cutaneous or intracranial localization, and with those of immunoblastic sarcoma occurring in some cases of myeloma.

Brain Neoplasms↗
PubMed1987

Myocardial revascularization by CO2 laser.

An original method of myocardial revascularization using CO2 laser has been studied in a pig model with acute myocardial infarction. Transparietal channels were created by myocardial vaporization, using a CO2 laser beam. A comparative evaluation was made against a control group using as parameters survival rate, ECG changes, anatomopathologic findings, and angiographic studies. With the exception of favorable changes in the ECG there was no other evidence of improved regional perfusion. No evidence of long-term patency of the transmyocardial channels could be demonstrated by angiographic and histologic studies.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

[Occipital intraosseous epidermoid cyst producing a clinical picture simulating benign intracranial hypertension. A clinical case].

The authors describes a 17 years old woman with a small occipital intradiploic epidermoid cyst simulating a benign intracranial hypertension on an initial CT scanner. Digital angiography showed torcular compression by the tumor. Intracranial pressure and sagittal sinus pressure were analysed and implicated the epidermoid cyst as the cause of the intracranial hypertension.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Monstrocellular heavily lipidized malignant glioma.

A man of 32 years was admitted with a 3-month history of temporal lobe epilepsy. CT-Scan showed a well-circumscribed area of heterogenous contrast enhancement in the right temporal lobe. Gross total resection was performed but the tumor recurred: the patient died 6 months after the onset of symptoms. There was no autopsy. Histology revealed a highly pleomorphic neoplasm with extensive zones of necrosis. Monster cells, up to several hundred micrometers in diameter, with multiple and/or multi-lobed nuclei were numerous and showed emperipolesis for polymorphonuclear, mononuclear, and small tumor cells. Abundant mitoses were observed. Tumor cells of all sizes had ground-glass or vacuolated cytoplasm which obscured their glial nature. GFAP was demonstrated in some neoplastic cells. Reticulin fibers were confined to perivascular areas where mononuclear inflammatory cells were sometimes noted. Vascular proliferation was mild. Electromicroscopic study revealed that the cytoplasms of the tumor cells contained abundant lipid droplets, numerous mitochondria, and glio-filaments. Such a tumor has been reported recently as "malignant glioma with heavily lipidized tumor cells". This rare entity, previously reported as xanthosarcoma of the brain, represents a subgroup of primitive monstrocellular cerebral tumors.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[Non-traumatic vertebro-epidural radiculo-spinal cord compressions: value of x-ray computed tomography coupled with myelography for lesion evaluation and therapeutic indications].

About 37 cases of non-traumatic spinal cord and cauda-equina compression, the authors emphasize the value of CT-scan study after intra-thecal injection of water-soluble contrast-medium. This exploration gives accurate informations about the involvement of both spinal and para-spinal spaces. These data are helpful diagnosis purpose and for the choice of therapeutic especially when surgical procedure is decided.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Cerebral tomoscintigraphy with N-isopropyl-p-I123-iodoamphetamine. Value in cerebral ischemic pathology].

Thirty patients with previous cerebral ischaemic accident were explored by both computerized tomography (CT) and radionuclide tomography after injection of 123I-labelled N-isopropyl-iodo-amphetamine. All lesions that were visible at CT were also visible at radionuclide tomography. However, in 7 patients with normal CT results the latter method showed areas of cerebral activity anatomically correlated with neurological signs or vascular lesions. Cerebellar diaschisis was observed in 50% of established lesions in the carotid territory. Radionuclide tomography therefore appears as a very sensitive method to be used in ischaemic pathology with transient or regressive accidents.

Amphetamines↗