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Biomedical subjects

A Garner

Publications and source records attributed to A Garner.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Benign hair-follicle derived tumours in the differential diagnosis of basal-cell carcinoma of the eyelids: a clinicopathological comparison.

Benign eyelid tumours derived from hair follicles are rare and frequently misdiagnosed as basal-cell carcinoma when evaluation is based on clinical evidence alone. They include trichoepithelioma, trichofolliculoma, trichilemmoma, and pilomatrixoma. We reviewed 117 such tumours received in the Department of Pathology, Institute of Ophthalmology, London, in the last 30 years, a number which compared with 2447 basal-cell carcinomas seen over the same period. The hair follicle tumours may be safely excised with a narrow margin of clearance, whereas a macroscopic clearance of 3 to 5 mm or surgery with frozen section histological control is desirable for excision of basal-cell carcinoma. Therefore confirmation by incisional biopsy of the nature of any large lesion suspected of being a basal-cell carcinoma is essential in order to avoid performing an unnecessarily extensive or time consuming excision.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Local extraocular extension of retinoblastoma following intraocular surgery.

Three cases of local extraocular extension of retinoblastoma following intraocular surgery via a transscleral approach have been seen in one centre during a 12-month period. This number represents a significant increase on the previous incidence of this serious complication, which may be related to more widespread use of vitrectomy techniques. Orbital and local lymph node recurrence of retinoblastoma have been associated with a very poor survival rate in the past, and steps must be taken to limit the chance of this happening should an intraocular surgical procedure be performed inadvertently on an eye containing a retinoblastoma. Early enucleation without implant is advised, and adjuvant orbital radiotherapy is strongly recommended, even when there is no histopathological evidence of local extraocular tumour spread.

Child↗
PubMed1989

Colposcopy, biopsy, and cytology results in women with chlamydial cervicitis.

Colposcopy and biopsy were carried out at diagnosis and at follow up of 222 women. Of 322 cervical biopsy specimens taken, 174 were from women with chlamydial cervicitis (patients) and 48 from control women (both at diagnosis) and 100 from 76 patients and seven controls at follow up. Of the 174 patients with chlamydial cervicitis, 158 (91%) had erythema compared with 9/48 (19%) controls, and 140 (81%) had "follicles" and lumps compared with three (6%) controls. The cervical polymorphonuclear leucocyte (PMNL) count in a high power (x 1000) field (HPF) was 85 in patients compared with 47/HPF in controls. Cervical ectopia was found in 154 (89%) patients compared with 32 (67%) controls. After treating the 174 patients, we found erythema in nine (5%) and "follicles" in 16 (9%); both conditions were disappearing. Lymphocytic germinal follicles were found on histology in only 5/165 patients compared with none in controls or in patients at follow up examination (after treatment for chlamydial cervicitis). Inclusions were found in 6/165 patients compared with none in controls or patients at follow up. Chlamydiae were found on electron microscopy in slides from seven out of 159 patients compared with none from controls or 81 subjects at follow up. Estimating numbers of inflammatory cells and measuring vascularity showed diffuse increases in lymphocytes and plasma cells and increases in vascularity in both endocervical and exocervical tissue of patients with chlamydial cervicitis. These increases were lessened by treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Endothelial cell-stimulating angiogenesis factor in vitreous from extraretinal neovascularizations.

The presence of endothelial cell-stimulating angiogenic factor (ESAF) in diseased human vitreous humour has been established. The molecular mass and chromatographic behavior of this material and its property of activating procollagenase indicate it to be identical to the ESAF isolated from other sources. The biological activity of ESAF from human vitreous was demonstrated by its ability to induce positive responses in the rabbit corneal pocket, and in the chick chorioallantoic membrane and yolk sac membrane tests.

Angiogenesis Inducing Agents↗
PubMed1989

Studies on mucus biosynthesis in the gastrointestinal tract.

Mucin biosynthesis in the rat gastrointestinal tract was measured by following the incorporation of radioactive precursors, [3H] glucosamine, [3H] galactose and [3H] serine. The radioactive mucin was isolated by a combination of equilibrium centrifugation in a CsCl density gradient and gel-filtration or, by papain digestion and removal of digested peptides by dialysis. Radioactive precursors were incorporated into mucin by stomach, duodenum and colon in vivo and by stomach in organ culture in vitro. In the latter, incorporation was approximately 20-fold greater than in vivo, over 6 h. In all cases lower molecular weight non-mucin glycoprotein, of the same buoyant density as mucin, became radioactively labelled (non-dialysable) and usually accounted for the majority of the incorporated radioactivity. Acetylcholine, dibutyryl cAMP and secretin stimulated radioactive incorporation into both gastric mucin and non-mucin components with acetylcholine and dcAMP stimulating specifically [3H] glucosamine into gastric mucin. Using these conditions no stimulation of incorporation into gastric mucin of all three radioactive precursors could be obtained with topical PGE2. In some biosynthesis studies by others, methods used to precipitate radioactive mucins do not distinguish between mucin and lower sized material. This study points to the need for a reappraisal of existing methods using radioactive isotopes to study mucin biosynthesis.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Effect of dicarboxylic acids (C6 and C9) on human choroidal melanoma in cell culture.

In cell culture, azelaic acid (C9) has been shown to have an antiproliferative and cytotoxic effect on human and murine malignant cutaneous melanocytes. Normal melanocytes are unaffected, as are normal choroidal melanocytes. Here, effects on cell kinetics and ultrastructure of cells of a human choroidal melanoma line have been studied. Cells were exposed to single doses of disodium salts of azelaic (C(9)2Na) and adipic (C(6)2Na) acids at concentrations of 10(-2) M and 5 X 10(-2) M for 48 hr. C(9)2Na at 5 X 10(-2) M had a significant effect on proliferation at 24 and 48 hr and this was not reversible on removal of diacid. At 5 X 10(-2) M for 24 hr, C(6)2Na had no effect and at 5 X 10(-2) M for 48 hr had an effect which was marginally significant, but reversible. Swelling and disruption of mitochondria was seen in cells exposed to C(9)2Na at 5 X 10(-2) M for 1 hr and longer, but even at 10(-1) M, cells exposed to C(6)2Na were minimally affected. The results could encourage further investigations of the feasibility of azelaic acid therapy for uveal and ocular adnexal melanoma.

Adipates↗
PubMed1988

Mechanisms of acid disposal and acid-stimulated alkaline secretion by gastroduodenal mucosa.

This paper investigates acid disposal by gastric and duodenal mucosa with particular reference to the mechanisms of acid-stimulated luminal alkalinization in the duodenum. The bulk of solute flux across duodenal epithelium occurs by paracellular permeation, and passive diffusion of HCO3 via shunt pathways contributes substantially to luminal alkalinization by this tissue in vitro. Effects on epithelial permeability of two treatments which stimulate mucosal alkaline secretion (PGE2 and low luminal pH) were studied in vivo by measuring transmucosal fluxes of radiolabeled urea (mol wt 76) and inulin (mol wt approximately 5000). Rats were anesthetized and rates of alkalinization in segments of distal duodenum perfused with saline were monitored by continuous titration. PGE2 (10 microM, topically) increased alkaline secretion from 1.63 +/- 0.34 to 3.07 +/- 0.54 microeq/cm/hr (mean +/- SEM, N = 5). Luminal acid exposure (10 mM HCl for 10 min) increased alkalinization rate from 1.54 +/- 0.43 to 2.69 +/- 0.76; subsequent addition of PGE2 induced a further rise to 3.27 +/- 0.54. Recovery of inulin in the luminal perfusate following intravenous injection was less than 10% of that of urea. Topical PGE2 had little or no effect on recovery of either marker. Luminal acidification increased the rate of appearance of urea by 130 +/- 30% (P less than 0.01, N = 6); recovery of inulin rose slightly but did not achieve statistical significance compared with control. Thus stimulation of mucosal alkaline secretion by luminal PGE2 or acid are associated with differential effects on mucosal permeability.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1988

The contribution of the C-terminal undecapeptide sequence of urogastrone-epidermal growth factor to its biological action.

Progressive enzymic degradation of human urogastrone-epidermal growth factor (URO-EGF) has given a series of fragments shortened at the C-terminus leading to removal of 20% of the structure. These peptides have been evaluated for their ability to bind to polyclonal antiserum and to isolated membrane receptors, to stimulate thymidine uptake by fibroblasts and to inhibit gastric acid secretion in rats. The related molecule human transforming growth factor-alpha, was also assayed and showed similar potency to URO-EGF in all systems. Reduced binding to the receptors of the fragments was paralleled by reduction in both biological activities indicating that this portion of the molecule was concerned entirely with receptor binding. After removal of 11 amino acids from the C-terminus the residue peptide was a full agonist although higher concentrations were necessary.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

The effect of cryotherapy on oxygen-induced retinopathy in the newborn kitten.

Partial cryotherapy was performed in the right eye of 14 kittens with experimental oxygen-induced retinopathy, while the left eye remained untreated as a control. Subsequent funduscopic examination and histopathological studies of all kittens showed no significant difference between the treated and untreated eyes with respect to the amount of neovascular proliferation. We attribute this negative result mainly to the fact that the cryoablation of the kittens' retina was incomplete, leaving a considerable amount of residual ischemic retina.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Increased procollagenase activating angiogenic factor in the vitreous humour of oxygen treated kittens.

Previous studies have demonstrated an increase in a low molecular weight angiogenic factor (ESAF) present in the retinae of kittens with oxygen induced retinopathy. The present paper describes differences in the quantity of ESAF extracted from the vitreous humour of control and oxygen treated animals and proposes a mechanism for the induction of intravitreal neovascularisation.

Angiogenesis Inducing Agents↗
PubMed1988

Primary myxoid liposarcoma of the orbit.

Orbital liposarcoma is a rare and usually unsuspected neoplasm. Over a five-year period three female patients aged 22, 71, and 77 years presented with primary myxoid liposarcoma of the orbit. The management of one patient was complicated by a history of orbital decompression for suspected thyroid eye disease. The tumour infiltrates locally beyond a deceptive pseudocapsule, and surgery has to be radical to be effective.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Fluorescein angiography of anterior uveal melanocytic tumours.

A retrospective analysis of 32 cases of anterior uveal melanocytic tumours included 14 cases in which the tumours could be categorised histologically as malignant, of intermediate cytology with equivocal features of malignancy, or as benign progressive naevi. An additional eight cases without a histological diagnosis were included as benign naevi, because there had been no change in their clinical characteristics after a minimum follow-up of four years. Clinical features and iris fluorescein angiographic (IFA) findings were analysed with respect to these groups in an attempt to identify features predictive of malignant or locally invasive behaviour. Very small tumours were more likely to be benign (p = 0.029). Glaucoma and episcleral vascular dilatation occurred in ciliary body tumours only. Tumours involving the anterior chamber angle proved more likely to be malignant (p = 0.019). IFA showed a disorganised vasculature and gross late leakage in 4/7 (56%) malignant melanomas as well as in 2/6 (33%) tumours with intermediate cytology. No benign tumours showed these features. Four out of nine (44%) benign tumours, but no tumours with malignant or intermediate cytology, showed complete masking of fluorescence. Early leakage of dye from tumour vessels and a geometric tumour vasculature were not specific features of any tumour category. IFA correlated with the cytology and behaviour of anterior uveal melanocytic tumours in 11/22 (50%) of our cases.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Corneal gammopathy.

The deposition of gamma-globulin within the corneas of patients with raised levels of a specific immunoglobulin fraction has been recognised, albeit rarely, for several years. Two further instances, one concerning a man with a lymphoma of low-grade malignancy and the other a woman with rheumatoid arthritis, are presented. From a study of these patients and review of other reported cases it appears that although the morphology of the deposits can vary from case to case, the common denominator of the paracrystalline deposits is banding at approximately 10-nm intervals. IgGK is the most frequently reported immuno-globulin fraction associated with intracorneal deposition.

Cornea↗