Biomedical subjects
A Garg
Publications and source records attributed to A Garg.
Role of radio-aerosol and perfusion lung imaging in early detection of chronic obstructive lung disease.
The efficacy of radio-aerosol and perfusion lung imaging in the early detection of chronic obstructive lung disease was evaluated in 38 subjects. The subjects included 5 non-smokers, 21 smokers with minimal or no respiratory symptoms and 12 patients with chronic obstructive lung disease. Each subject consented to a respiratory questionnaire, detailed physical examination, chest X-ray examinations, detailed pulmonary function tests and 99mTc-radio aerosol-inhalation lung imaging. Perfusion lung imaging with 99mTc-labelled macroaggregated albumin was performed in 22 subjects. A significant correlation (P less than 0.001) was observed between the degree of abnormalities on radio-aerosol imaging and pulmonary function tests (PFTs) including forced expiratory volume in 1 s, maximum mid-expiratory flow rate and mean transit time analysis. Abnormal radio-aerosol patterns and deranged PFTs were observed in 21 subjects each. Of 21 subjects with abnormal radioaerosol pattern 8 had normal PFTs. Of 21 subjects with abnormal PFTs 8 had normal aerosol images. Aerosol lung images and PFTs were abnormal more frequently than perfusion lung images. The results suggest that radio-aerosol lung imaging is as sensitive an indicator as PFTs for early detection of chronic obstructive lung disease and can be usefully combined with PFTs for early detection of alteration in pulmonary physiology in smokers.
Physiological responses to one-handed lift in the horizontal plane by female workers.
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Biomechanical stresses as related to motion trajectory of lifting.
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Volitional postures during maximal push/pull exertions in the sagittal plane.
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Panproctocolectomy with rectal mucosectomy and ileoanal anastomosis in chronic ulcerative colitis.
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'Semantics' in diabetes mellitus: impaired glucose tolerance.
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Fetal exposure to maternal hyperbilirubinemia.
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Endosulfan intoxication: Blood glucose, electrolytes, Ca levels, ascsorbic acid and glutathione in rats.
Endosulfan-induced changes in blood glucose, plasma electrolytes, and blood and brain ascorbic acid, hexokinase and glutathione have been investigated following acute and subacute administration in 12 h fasted male rats. After a single oral dose of endosulfan (40 mg/kg) a significant increase in blood glucose, blood ascorbic acid, and blood and brain glutathione was observed. The maximum increase in blood was observed at 2 h (36%). Increase in blood and brain glutathione was highly significant at 4 h (50 and 43%, respectively). The blood ascorbic acid slowly increased by 19% over control during the treatment period. No significant change in brain hexokinase was observed. Repeated oral administration of endosulfan (0.625 to 20 mg/kg) for 7 weeks had no effect on plasma sodium and potassium. At the highest dose (20 mg/kg), blood glucose was slightly increased (16%). Plasma Ca was significantly decreased, the maximum fall (35%) being observed at 4 h.
A comparison of isometric strength and dynamic lifting capability.
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Effects of lifting frequency and technique on physical fatigue with special reference to psychophysical methodology and metabolic rate.
A laboratory study was conducted (1) to evaluate the effects of lifting frequency and technique on maximum acceptable work loads using psychophysical measurement technique, and (2) to compare the physiological fatigue criteria of 5 Kcal/min with the psychophysical fatigue criteria by measuring the metabolic rates at maximum acceptable work loads determined by subjective estimates of physical fatigue. Six male college students were required to lift from the floor to a 0.5 m height for 40 minutes. Four levels of lifting frequency (3, 6, 9 and 12 lifts/min) and three different lifting techniques (free sytle, stooped back and straight-back, bent-knee) were employed. Oxygen consumption rates were measured at maximum acceptable work loads (and were reduced to STPD). Statistical analysis showed that the maximum work loads acceptable to the workers were significantly affected by both lifting frequency and technique. Maximum acceptable work loads increased with an increase in lifting frequency. Both the subjective estimates of physical fatigue and the metabolic energy expenditure rate favored the free style lifting technique. The measured metabolic rates were in agreement with the physiological fatigue criteria of 5 Kcal/min only for six of the twelve combinations of lifting frequency and technique. Use of the physiological fatigue criteria will result in more liberal standards of work load at low work paces, especially for the stooped back and the free style lifting techniques.
Effect of AK Calotropis procera (Ait.) R. Br. flower extract on testicular function of the Indian desert male gerbil Meriones hurrianae Jerdon: a biochemical & histological study.
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Prediction of metabolic rates for manual materials handling jobs.
A mew approach for estimating metabolic rates for manual materials handling jobs is presented. This approach was applied to 48 different jobs. The model validation showed a correlation coefficient of 0.95 between the measured and predicted metabolic rates. The coefficient of variation (standard error/sample mean) was 10.2 percent.
A method for evaluating the biomechanical stresses resulting from manual materials handling jobs.
Manual materials handling tasks are inherent to many different jobs in industry today. The performance of such tasks exposes the worker to a variety of biomechanical hazards. This paper proposes a formalized algorithm for evaluating such hazards, and demonstrates the use of the algorithm in four different jobs. Medical data from these jobs are presented which serve to confirm the types of biomechanical stresses quantified by the biomechanical evaluations.
Stress, diet and alcohol-induced oxidative gastrointestinal mucosal injury in rats and protection by bismuth subsalicylate.
Oxygen free radicals are implicated in the pathogenesis of stress and food/alcohol-induced gastrointestinal injury. We have investigated the effects of restraint stress, spicy food diet, high-fat diet and 40% ethanol on the enhanced production of reactive oxygen species, including superoxide anion and hydroxyl radicals, and on DNA fragmentation, lipid peroxidation and membrane microviscosity (indices of oxidative tissue damage) in gastric and intestinal mucosa of Sprague-Dawley rats. Furthermore, the protective ability of bismuth subsalicylate (BSS; 15 mg kg(-1) was determined against the gastrointestinal mucosal injury induced by these stressors. Animals on the high-fat diet consumed 31% more food as compared to other animals. Animals on the spicy food diet consumed ca. 23% more water as compared to control animals, and the high-fat diet animals consumed 17% less water. Restraint stress provided greater injury to both gastric and intestinal mucosa as compared to other stressors. Restraint stress, spicy food diet, high-fat diet and ethanol increased superoxide anion production by 10.0-, 4.3-, 5.7- and 4.8-fold, respectively, in the gastric mucosa, and by 10.4-, 5.3-, 7.0- and 5.5-fold in the intestinal mucosa. Exposure to restraint stress, spicy food diet, high-fat diet and 40% ethanol also increased hydroxyl radical production by ca. 14.3-, 4.5-, 3.5- and 4.8-fold, respectively, in the gastric mucosa, and by 17.0-, 4.8-, 3.5- and 4.7-fold in the intestinal mucosa. Bismuth subsalicylate administration to the animals provided significant protection against superoxide anion and hydroxyl radical production. Restraint stress, spicy food diet, high-fat diet and ethanol increased lipid peroxidation by 3.6-, 2.4-, 2.6- and 2.0-fold, respectively, in the gastric mucosa, and by 4.1-, 3.5-, 3.6- and 2.7-fold in intestinal mucosa. Administration of BSS decreased restraint stress, spicy food diet, high-fat diet and ethanol-induced gastric mucosal lipid peroxidation by ca. 26%, 36%, 45% and 18%, and intestinal mucosa lipid peroxidation by 20%, 21%, 46% and 42%, respectively. Approximately 4.0-, 2.0-, 2.4- and 2.0-fold increases in DNA fragmentation were observed in the gastric mucosa of rats exposed to restraint stress, spicy food diet, high-fat diet and 40% ethanol, respectively, and similar increases in the intestinal mucosa. These same four stressors increased membrane microviscosity by 11.6-, 6.1-, 7.3- and 5.4-fold, respectively, in the gastric mucosa, and by 16.2-, 7.9-, 9.5- and 7.8-fold in the intestinal mucosa. Bismuth subsalicylate exerted significant protection against DNA damage and changes in membrane microviscosity induced by the four stressors. Excellent correlations existed between the production of reactive oxygen species and the tissue damaging effects in both gastric and intestinal mucosa. In summary, the results demonstrate that physical and chemical stressors can induce gastrointestinal oxidative stress and mucosal injury through enhanced production of reactive oxygen species, and that BSS can significantly attenuate gastrointestinal injury by scavenging these reactive oxygen species.
G6PD deficiency in newborn infants.
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Idiopathic hypertrophic osteoarthropathy.
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