Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

A Gandolfi

Publications and source records attributed to A Gandolfi.

71 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

[Calcified meningiomas: anatomo-radiographic correlations and description of some clinical cases (author's transl)].

A review has been carried out of the literature concerning the frequency of calcifications in meningiomas. Four cases of meningiomas with calcifications are presented with the description of the anatomo-radiologic findings. The preoperative diagnostic value of the calcifications is stressed. The mechanisms of calcium deposition in the neoplastic tissues are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Morphometry and autoradiography of early hypertrophic changes in the ventricular myocardium of adult rat. A light microscopic study.

Quantitative autoradiographic localization of newly synthesized proteins was studied in the ventricular myocardium of adult rats 2 hours after the intravenous injection of 3H-leucine and 20 hours after the induction of hypertrophy by constriction of the abdominal aorta. Equal area samples of tissue from experimental and sham-operated controls were examined for differential grain counts and morphometric measurements by light microscopy. In comparison with control levels, the hypertrophic hearts show a 20 per cent increase in the average cross-sectional area of myocytes and a 43 per cent increase in the incorporation of amino acid into proteins. The higher concentration of labeled proteins is confined mainly to cardiac muscle cells, which show a 90 per cent increase in grain counts per cell cross-section, whereas no significant change is observed over the interstitium. A test of the specificity of the autoradiographic technique shows the expected reduction in tissue labeling following cycloheximide inhibition of protein synthesis, indicating that there is no significant amount of nonspecific binding of free amino acid during the paraformaldehyde-glutaraldehyde fixation procedure.

Amino Acids↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Serum nitrites predict the response to prostaglandin-induced delivery at term.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether the clinical response to prostaglandin-induced labor is modulated by nitric oxide (NO) activity. METHODS: Fifty-two cases of nulliparous women at term who delivered vaginally after prostaglandin E (PGE) induction of labor were enrolled. The induction was required mainly for amniotic fluid reduction or late-onset gestational hypertension. Either intracervical (0.5 mg) or vaginal (2.0 mg) PGE was administered every 12 hours, according to the Bishop score. After the third PGE application, in absence of labor onset, intravenous oxytocin was used. Nitrites/nitrates (NOx) serum levels were used as a marker of NO activity. They were measured just before the start of induction by using an enzymatic reduction and then a colorimetric evaluation. Time to delivery from the first PGE application was the main outcome variable. RESULTS: Time to delivery ranged from 4 to 62 hours (median: 15.5). Nitrites/nitrates levels were unaffected by both gestational age, Bishop score at entry, indication allowing labor-induction, fetal position, and birth weight. In a multiple regression analysis including the previous factors, NOx levels significantly explained 33.9% of the variance of the time to delivery. Indeed, patients delivering within 15 hours (26.4 +/- 6.9) showed NOx levels significantly lower than in patients delivering after more than 15 hours (39.5 +/- 16.4) from the first PGE application. CONCLUSIONS: A reduced level of NOx is associated with a prompt clinical response to PGE-induced labor. Provided we do not know the origin of NOx in the general circulation, these data indicate NOx levels as predictors of the response to PGE-induced delivery at term and support the hypothesis that labor onset is modulated by the endogenous NO activity.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Pharmacokinetic analysis of dodecanedioic acid in humans from bolus data.

BACKGROUND: Excretion and tissue uptake of dodecanedioic acid (C12), a proposed alternative fuel substrate, was investigated in humans by bolus experiments. METHODS: Seven overnight-fasting healthy male volunteers received i.v. a bolus (1 g) of C12. Blood samples were collected after C12 administration at intervals of 15 minutes, and C12 serum concentration was measured by high-performance liquid chromatography. C12 excretion in 24-hour urine was measured. Binding of C12 in human serum was determined in separate equilibrium dialysis experiments by means of an isotopic compound (disodic salt of (1,12)14C-dodecanedioic acid). A two-compartment model was used for describing C12 kinetics. RESULTS: The excreted amount of C12 in 24-hour urine was found to be, on the average, 1.62% of administered dose. The apparent number of binding sites per albumin molecule was 3.1 +/- 0.2 (estimate +/- SE) with an affinity constant of 6.4 +/- 1.8 mM-1. The distribution volume of central compartment was 5.56 +/- 3.13 L and that of peripheral compartment was 87.4 +/- 30.4 L. The rate constant of exchange between compartments was 4.60 +/- 3.50 L/min, that or urinary excretion 25.6 +2- 15.5 mL/min, and that of tissue uptake 2.17 +/- 0.86 L/min. CONCLUSIONS: These results are promising for C12 utilization in parenteral nutrition, because C12 elimination in urine is low whereas tissue uptake appears to be rather efficient.

Binding Sites↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Adriamycin induced chronic cardiotoxicity: a morphological ultrastructural study on ventricular myocardium and conducting system of rabbit heart (author's transl)].

The administration of high doses of adriamycin in rabbits causes morphologically evident alterations of cardiac myocites, such as cellular structure disorganization, myofilaments disappearance and vacuolar degeneration through the cytoplasm. The less damaged myocites show protein synthesis activation with newly produced myofilaments. Macrophages and fibroblasts are seen in the interstitium among markedly injured cells. As a response to the toxic damage induced by adriamycin, it would be seen an hypertrophic compensatory response in the well preserved cells and interstitial fibrosis. The conducting system shows similar but less extensive lesions as the ventricular myocardium.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Pharmacokinetics of sebacic acid in rats.

The pharmacokinetics of disodium sebacate (Sb) was studied in Wistar rats of both sexes. Sebacate was administered either as intra-peritoneal (i.p.) bolus (six doses ranging from 10 mg to 320 mg) or as oral bolus (two doses: 80 and 160 mg). Plasma and urinary concentrations of Sb and urinary concentrations of Sb and its products of beta-oxidation (suberic and adipic acids) were measured by an improved method using gas-liquid chromatography/mass-spectrometry. A single compartment with two linear elimination routes was selected after no increase in significance was shown by an additional compartment and after a saturable mechanism was found to be unsuitable. Both renal and non-renal elimination parameters were obtained by Marquardt non linear fitting of plasma concentrations together with urinary elimination. The data reported are calculated from the analysis on the whole population of rats and referred to an average body weight (bw) of 100 g. The Sb half-time was 31.5 min. The tissue elimination rate was 0.0122 min-1. The overall volume of distribution was found to be 26.817 ml/100 g bw. The renal clearance was 0.291 ml/min/100 g of bw, which is much less than the value of GFR reported in literature (about 1 ml/min/100 g bw), suggesting the presence of Sb reabsorption from the ultrafiltrate. The value of Sb renal clearance was found to be a concentration-independent function, suggesting the presence of a passive back-diffusion. The relative bioavailability of the oral form compared to the i.p. form was 69.09%, showing a good absorption of the drug.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cytology of a chromophobe pituitary adenoma. A case report.

A pituitary tumor with suprasellar and extrasellar extension was investigated by means of the squash-smear cytologic technique. The dominant cell type was large, round to oval cells, with pale-staining, finely granular cytoplasm. The nuclei of these cells often contained single or multiple inclusions of uncertain nature. There also were cells with eosinophilic cytoplasm, usually collected in small nests. Hyperchromatic "naked" nuclei, in various shapes, were immersed in a homogeneous, faintly staining ground substance. Mitotic figures were detected easily. Cytology of these combined cell types allowed the intraoperative diagnosis of a rather pleomorphic pituitary adenoma.

Adenoma, Chromophobe↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cytology of giant-cell glioblastoma.

A case is presented in which smears and touch imprints of a parietal tumor in a 58-year-old female revealed two distinct and easily recognizable cellular populations. The first was predominant and consisted of densely packed cells of an astroglial nature. The other was made up of unusually large giant cells with highly malignant features. The cytology of these combined cell types allowed the correct diagnosis of giant-cell glioblastoma at the time of surgery. Their cytomorphology, which has seldom been reported, supported the interpretation of an astroglial nature of this tumor.

Cell Transformation, Neoplastic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The squash-smear technique in the diagnosis of spinal cord neurinomas. Report of three cases.

The squash-smear technique was used instead of frozen sections for the rapid intraoperative diagnosis of three neurinomas of the thoracic spinal cord. Characteristic cytologic features that could be considered of diagnostic value were the absence of recognizable cytoplasmic outlines, the elongated, sometimes-wavy appearance of the nuclei and the dense fibrillary background. Nuclear palisades with formation of Verocay bodies were present in one case; these were also identified in the paraffin-embedded permanent sections. Histologically, the tumors were predominantly Antoni type A neurinomas.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The cytology of cerebral neuroblastoma.

A case is presented in which smears and touch imprints of a temporal tumor in a young adult male revealed fairly uniform round or polygonal cells, with fine nuclear chromatin and scanty cytoplasm. Occational resette formation was detected in most of the smears. The cytology of these small tumor cells and their arrangement were useful in establishing the intraoperative diagnosis of cerebral neuroblastoma.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Cholesterol granuloma of the petrous apex].

Cholesterol granuloma of the petrous apex is a relatively rare tumor, and usually is not associated with middle ear pathology. Precise assessment of the diagnosis and extension allows the surgeon to plan the most appropriate and functional strategy. The advent of magnetic resonance imaging has helped, showing a high signal in T1 and T2 without enhancement after the administration of intravenous paramagnetic contrast. The occipito-temporal approach provides direct access to the anterior and posterior petrous apex without opening the dura, which preserves the facial and the cochlear-vestibular functions.

Adult↗