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Biomedical subjects

A Galli

Publications and source records attributed to A Galli.

At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Carbohydrate content of middle molecular weight substances (MMWS) in uraemic patients: preliminary results.

MMWS (between 500 and 10,000 daltons) have been isolated from peritoneal dialysis fluid. Materials were fractionated according to a procedure previously applied to urine in healthy controls and in patients with various glycoproteins. Successive use of ion-exchange, charcoal-Celite and paper chromatography leads to the isolation of 20 oligosaccharidic fractions whose MW range between 400 and 2000 daltons. Glucuronoconjugates were also identified by this technique. Preliminary studies show that this carbohydrate material is very similar to the one found in normal urine. The origin and the signification of these oligosaccharides will be discussed in regard with our present knowledges on the structure, catabolism, and function of glycoproteins.

Carbohydrates↗
PubMed1980

[Assay of 3-methoxy 4-hydroxyphenyl ethylene glycol (MHPG) and its conjugates in the urine (author's transl)].

Urinary MHPG was assayed by gas chromatography using a flame ionisation detector. The technic proposed was reproducible, repeatable and linear. The frequent values determined in adult subjects of both sexes were 8.64 1.34 mumol/24 h without any difference between the sexes. On the other hand, urinary excretion of total MHPG showed a positive correlation with age. It was excreted in the conjugated form, of which 50 p. cent was sulphoconjugated, 41 p. cent glucuroconjugated, and 9 p. cent free. Owing to its simplicity, this method may be applied to the study of mood disorders.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Effects of morphine, physostigmine and raphe nuclei stimulation on 5-hydroxytryptamine release from the cerebral cortex of the cat.

1. The release of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) from the cerebral cortex and caudate nucleus of brainstem-transected cats and from the cerebral cortex of rats anaesthetized with urethane was determined by radioenzymatic and biological assay. 2. The stimulation of nucleus linearis intermedius of raphe doubles the basal 5-HT release in the caudate nucleus and increases it 3 fold in the cerebral cortex. The effects of the electrical stimulation of the raphe are potentiated by chlorimipramine. 3. Brain 5-HT release is greatly increased by morphine hydrochloride (6 mg/kg i.v.) and by physostigmine (100 microgram/kg i.v.), but not by DL-DOPA (50 mg/kg i.v.). 4. It is suggested that the 5-HT releasing action of physostigmine can contribute to some of its pharmacological effects such as the analgesic effect so far attributed exclusively to its indirect cholinomimetic activity. 5. The 5-HT releasing action of physostigmine seems unrelated to its anticholinesterase activity.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Effectiveness of simplified dosage schedules on the management of ambulant epileptic patients.

The effect of dosage schedules on plasma drug levels was evaluated in two groups of ambulant epileptic patients, whose treatment with diphenylhydantoin (DPH) or phenobarbital (PB) had been simplified by reducing the daily frequency of the dosage regimens. Although the patients received the same milligram per kilogram daily dosages of DPH or PB during the study, the mean plasma levels of the two drugs were significantly higher during the less-frequent dosage regimens. The results obtained suggest that twice-daily dosage schedules of DPH and once-daily dosage schedules of PB are advantageous over more complicated dosage schedules resulting in a higher compliance among ambulant epileptic patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

[Effect on serum aluminium levels of continued ingestion of aluminium gels by patients with chronic renal insufficiency (author's transl)].

Atomic spectrometric absorption without flame allows reliable determination of serum aluminium levels (S.A.). Serum level in 59 normal subjects taking no aluminium gel (A.G.) is 24.3 +/- 8.4 microgram/l. Similar value were observed in 27 patients with renal insufficiency even severe who do not take A.G. Mild elevation of S.A. (40 +/- 12 microgram/l) was observed in 21 dialysed patients receiving no A.G. S.A. elevation is related to the aluminium content of dialysis fluid. A.G. intake in patients with renal insufficiency is followed by increase of S.A. The levels increase in relation with the daily dose of A.G. The highest values are observed among dialysed patients. In 41 dialysed cases A.S. values are between 70 and 600 microgram/l. In 17 patients dialysed for a mean period of 47 months mean serum A.S. is 165 +/- 40 microgram/l. The precise role of aluminium intoxication in the genesis of the dialysis encephalopathy syndrom remains controversial. From a clinical point of view aluminium intoxication should be looked for in any patient with encephalopathy who is taking aluminium gels and/or who is dialysed.

Aluminum↗
PubMed1978

[Estimation of aluminium in biological fluids by atomic absorption spectrophotometry in a graphite oven (author's transl)].

The possibilities of use of a graphite oven type HGA 74 (Perkin Elmer) for the estimation of aluminium in biological fluids by atomic absorption spectrophotometry are described, with a special study of the stages of drying, mineralisation, atomisation, flow of inert gas, requirement for correction of non-specific absorption, etc. Under fixed experimental conditions, the limit of sensitivity (absorption 1%) was 2.28.10.(-11) grams and the linearity was good up to 100 microgram/l. This method of analysis by direct treatment of the samples required only small volumes of the latter and reduces the risk of contamination.

Aluminum↗
PubMed1977

[Neuropathologic and toxicologic study of 12 cases of bismuth encephalopathy].

Examination of twelve cases of bismuth encephalopathy showed a constantand marked elevation of the bismuth levels in autopsy cerebral tissue (ranging from 2-8 mg/kg to 25 mg/kg). These values were found to be much higher than the last-measured Bismuth venous blood values. In every case, periveinular lymphocytic infiltration and abundant intra-cytoplasmic lipofuscin were seen. The microanalysis with Castaing's electrode revealed the presence of focal areas of bismuth in the leptomeningeal spaces. The significance of the lesions is not fully established and it will undergo further investigations.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Is taurine-induced hypothermia in the rat mediated by 5-HT?

Intraventricular administration of taurine in the rat caused hypothermia, the extent of which was directly dependent upon the thermal gradient between the body and the environment. Pre-treatment of animals with p-chlorophenylalanine, which depleted most of the brain serotonin, strongly reduced the hypothermia induced by taurine. Pre-treatment with alpha-methyltyrosine induced hypothermia and sedation in animals. When this was followed by a taurine injection, they exhibited a decrease in body temperature which fitted the curve relating thermal gradients to hypothermic responses. It is suggested that taurine induced hypothermia in rat is mediated in part by central 5-HT systems.

Animals↗