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Biomedical subjects

A Galil

Publications and source records attributed to A Galil.

29 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

[Malabsorption and developmental retardation due to secondary trypsin deficiency].

A 1.5-year-old girl was admitted with chronic diarrhea of 10 months duration and retarded physical and psychomotor development. Duodenal tryptic activity was absent on testing with secretin and cholecystokinin. With pancreatic enzyme replacement diarrhea ceased and growth recommenced. Duodenal tryptic activity returned to normal within 6 months. A 10-year follow-up revealed normal physical and mental growth. Secondary deficiency of trypsin is a rare cause of malabsorption in childhood; correct and timely treatment can avoid severe, irreversible developmental defects.

Developmental Disabilities↗
PubMed1988

Two sequential outbreaks of rotavirus gastroenteritis: evidence for symptomatic and asymptomatic reinfections.

In two sequential outbreaks of rotavirus gastroenteritis that occurred in a kibbutz in southern Israel (the Negev), 32 persons (9% of the population) were ill in the first and 45 (13% of the population) in the second. Excretion of virus, changes in titers of rotavirus-specific serum IgG, or both implicated rotavirus in 72% of the illnesses in outbreak 1 and in 56% of the illnesses in outbreak 2. In both outbreaks the age-specific morbidity rate decreased with increasing age. Half (six of 12) of the children six to 27 months of age who were ill with rotavirus in outbreak 1 were ill with rotavirus again in outbreak 2, whereas two were asymptomatically infected; older children who were ill in outbreak 1 were not ill in outbreak 2. Serotype determination by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using monoclonal antibodies to VP7 implicated a serotype 3 virus in outbreak 1 and a serotype 1 virus in outbreak 2.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Involvement of infants, children, and adults in a rotavirus gastroenteritis outbreak in a kibbutz in southern Israel.

An outbreak of acute gastroenteritis in a kibbutz in southern Israel, characterized by diarrhea, fever, vomiting, and abdominal pain, involved 32 kibbutz members of all ages. Nineteen percent of the children and 3.5% of the adults were ill. Transmission of the illness occurred in direct proportion to the degree of close contact, involving first infants, then mothers and nursery staff, and only later youngsters, adolescents, and fathers. Stool samples obtained from 32 kibbutz members with clinical illness and from 44 asymptomatic close contacts were examined for the presence of rotavirus antigen. Fifty-six percent of symptomatic members were positive for rotavirus antigen as compared with 4.5% of asymptomatic close contacts. Positivity of stool samples correlated inversely with the number of days elapsed after onset of illness until the sample was obtained. Serologic studies carried out on acute and convalescent sera of symptomatic and asymptomatic subjects further supported a rotavirus etiology for the outbreak. RNA profiles of stool sample extracts obtained by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and silver staining indicate that one electropherotype may have been responsible for the outbreak.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Detection of rotavirus-specific IgG antibodies by immunoperoxidase assay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

An indirect immunoperoxidase assay (IPA) has been developed for determination of IgG antibodies to rotavirus. The technique employed as antigen, SA-11 infected MA 104 cells, which were air-dried on glass slides and acetone-fixed. In parallel, rota-specific IgG antibodies were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Specific IgG antibodies to rotavirus were determined in sera of healthy children and in sera of patients suffering from gastroenteritis. A good correlation (r = 0.92) and (r = 0.98) for healthy children and patients, respectively, was found between IPA and ELISA techniques. The IPA technique is rapid and simple and positive results, because of the intensive staining, are easily read by low-power light microscope. The potential application of IPA and ELISA methods in serodiagnosis of rotavirus infections is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Brain, myocardium and plasma concentrations and toxicity of digoxin in newborn and adult rats.

Digoxin tissue concentrations and elimination kinetics were determined to explore possible explanations of the age-related changes in response to digoxin in the rat. Digoxin concentrations were measured in brain, myocardium, and plasma of newborn and adult rats at serial time intervals after nontoxic doses and at the time of death after toxiequivalent doses. After SC administration of a nonlethal dose of 500 micrograms/kg digoxin, brain, myocardium and plasma concentrations and areas under the curve of digoxin concentrations vs time were considerably greater (P less than 0.01) in the newborn than in the adult rats. Following toxiequivalent doses of digoxin (2.5X LD50), digoxin concentrations were several fold greater in the myocardium and plasma of adult rats than in newborn specimens; in contrast, despite the 30-fold smaller digoxin dose per kilogram body weight given to 1-day-old rats, mean digoxin concentration was 2.9 times greater in their brain than in adult brain. These findings suggest that changes in tissue distribution and in the disposition of digoxin play a role in the greater sensitivity of newborn rats to digitoxicity and in the distinct digitoxic arrhythmic effects observed in the newborn as compared to the adult rat.

Aging↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Diagnosing the 'strange' child.

The diagnosis of children with a spectrum of autistic features, who do not qualify for the diagnosis of classical autism, has increased during the past decade. A case is reported of an 8-year-old child originally diagnosed as learning disabled with attention disorders and hyperactivity, who was later diagnosed as having an autistic spectrum disorder when abnormalities of social interaction and play activity became more obvious. The frequency of learning and attention problems in school-age children may obscure more significant psychiatric pathologies, such as autistic disorders. Improved awareness of disorders of social functioning and play activity in the school-age child and use of screening tools may lead to earlier detection, definitive diagnosis and treatment for these children. In addition, assessments from multiple sources, i.e. the school, the home and the clinic, are needed in the diagnostic process. Periodic re-evaluations of the school-age child with problem behaviour are necessary to insure that more significant pathologies, which were not clear on initial evaluation, are diagnosed at the earliest opportunity.

Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Neuromuscular approach to the motor deficits of cerebral palsy: a pilot study.

Six children with mild cerebral palsy (CP) entered a study of overnight low-intensity transcutaneous electrical stimulation (ES) to the leg muscles. After 6 months, statistically significant improvement was noted on the Peabody Developmental Motor Scales scores in gross motor, locomotor, and receipt/propulsion skills. When ES was withdrawn for 6 months, there was uniform loss in scores. Reinstitution of ES resulted in further significant improvements in total gross motor, balance, locomotor, and receipt/propulsion skills. In selected cases, overnight ES may be a useful addition to standard rehabilitation services.

Cerebral Palsy↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A combined community strategy to reduce cholesterol and other risk factors.

Our primary objective was to conduct an integrated program to reduce coronary risk factors in the population of an Israeli kibbutz. The population-based objective was to reduce the mean community total cholesterol level. The individual-based objective was to provide counseling and treatment for individuals at high risk and to reduce individual total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. The intervention included food policy changes in the central kibbutz kitchen, health education programs aimed at all age groups, and health counseling for individuals at risk. Evaluation was by questionnaire at baseline and at the end of two years, blood lipoproteins, and monitoring of all food purchased by the kibbutz. Fifty-three percent of the adult population (100 of 187) had borderline to high baseline total cholesterol levels. At one year, 27% of these were in the normal category. Egg consumption dropped by 6%, liquid oil by 7%, and red meat by close to 19%. Consumption of fish, chicken meat, and vegetarian patties increased. Consumption of 1% milk increased by almost 300%. We conclude that an integrated health education program targeting individuals and the community together can be effective in reducing risk factors for coronary artery disease.

Adult↗