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Biomedical subjects

A Gaiti

Publications and source records attributed to A Gaiti.

63 records · Page 4Linked to original sources

The Ca2+-dependent incorporation of nitrogenous bases into brain microsomal phospholipid subspecies in vitro.

The specificity of the Ca2+-stimulated choline and ethanolamine incorporation into the molecular subspecies of the correspondent choline and ethanolamine phosphoglycerides has been investigated in vitro in rat brain microsomes. In the presence of 5.0 mM Ca2+-ions and at pH 8.1, choline was incorporated 6 times faster into the tetraenoic diacyl-glycero-3-phosphorylcholines (diacyl-GPCs or lecithins) than into the saturated subspecies. The specific activities of the other species were intermediary, and decreased with increasing saturation. Hexaenoic species of lecithins were however weakly labelled. The rate of labelling of diacyl-GPC molecular subspecies was affected noticeably by changing the pH and the Ca2+-ion concentration of the incubation medium. Ethanolamine was incorporated in the presence of 2.5 mM Ca2+-ions and at pH 8.1 preferentially into the monoenoic species of total ethanolamine phosphoglycerides of rat brain microsomes. The rate of incorporation into the monoenoic species was twice that into the trienoic, tetraenoic and hexaenoic and 4 times faster that into the dienoic species. When the pattern of labelling was determined specifically for the molecular subspecies of diacyl-glycero-3-phosphorylethanolamines (diacyl-GPEs or phosphatidylethanolamines), the rate of incorporation of ethanolamine into the hexaenoic species resulted three times faster that into the saturated and monoenoic species and about twice that into the trienoic and tetraenoic species, in accordance with data for liver microsomes. The pattern of labelling of the molecular subspecies of ethanolamine phosphoglycerides and of diacyl-GPEs was not influenced by changing the pH and the Ca2+-ion concentration of the incubation medium.

Animals↗

Linoleic acid metabolism in brain cortex of aged rats.

The linoleic acid metabolism was examined in the brain cortex of 4 month-old and 24 month-old rats. After the injection of [1-14C]-linoleate into the lateral ventricle of the brain the animals were sacrificed at 1,3 and 6 hours from the injection. The linoleate (18:2) incorporation into lipids, the presence of fatty acid peroxidation products, as well as the 18:2 transformation into elongated and desaturated derivatives were determined. Both an age-related reduction in linoleate incorporation rate into glycerophospholipids and a decrease in fatty acid turnover were found. Furthermore, in glycerophospholipids from 24 month-old rat brain cortex a higher level of hydroperoxide derivative of linoleate was found as compared to 4 month-old animals, and this damaged fatty acid is eliminated more slowly in aged rats than in adults. Finally, unlike 4 month-old animals, a stimulation of the transformation rate of linoleate into desaturation (6,9,12-C18:3) and elongation (8,11,14,C20:3) products was found in 24 month-old rat brain cortex. On the contrary, as far as arachidonic acid (one of the most important end products of the mechanism of linoleate modification) is concerned, the differences between aged and control animals were small, making it quite difficult to attribute a physiological meaning to this phenomenon.

Aging↗

Relationships between base-exchange in phospholipid metabolism and cyclic-AMP levels of synaptosomal membranes.

The effect of the base-exchange reaction upon the production of cyclic-AMP at the level of rat brain synaptic membranes has been examined. The exchange with ethanolamine produces a significant decrease of the NaF-stimulated production of the cyclic nucleotide, whereas it increases the noradrenaline-induced production. With some exceptions, the exchange with L-serine produces opposite effects.

Adenylyl Cyclases↗

Effect of age and strain on cerebral phospholipid metabolism.

It has been demonstrated that spontaneously hypertensive adult rats (SHR) develop severe hypertension and cerebrovascular lesions on drinking 1% NaCl from weaning. Phospholipid metabolism is actively altered in these severely lesioned animals (SHR-NaCl) as compared to SHRs which drink only water and showed only sporadic cerebrovascular lesions. We have tested the incorporation of water soluble phospholipid precursors into the corresponding phospholipid from different brain areas, by injecting either a mixture of labeled glycerol and choline or glycerol and ethanolamine into the lateral ventricle of the brain of adult (4 months old) and senescent (12 months old) SHR-NaCl. The results were compared to those obtained from 4 and 12 months old Wistar normotensive rats. When adult normotensive rats were compared with adult hypertensive rats (4-SHR-NaCl) incorporation was found to decrease in some areas according to the precursors injected. Similar results were obtained from 12 month old normotensive Wistar rats that, however, showed a decrease in phospholipid biosynthesis in all the area tested. Interestingly, no significant differences of incorporation rate were found between 12 month old normotensive and 12 month old hypertensive rats.

Aging↗

The influence of soybean diacylglycerol on brain phospholipid synthesis during aging.

The synthesis of choline phosphoglycerides and ethanolamine phosphoglycerides has been examined in brain cortex microsomes and neuronal populations of rats during various times of aging as compared to 2 months-old animals. A noticeable decrease of synthesis of both lipid classes takes place in these conditions in vitro. The concentration of the endogenous diacylglycerol is not changed during aging neither in microsomes nor in neurons. The molar distribution of fatty acids in brain microsomal diacylglycerols of aging rats is noticeably different from that of adult animals. The content of monoenoic and dienoic species is increased, whereas that of the tetraenoic species is decreased. The addition of soybean diacylglycerol to microsomes or neuronal preparations from aged rat brain restores practically the decreased synthesizing activity of CPG and partially that of EPG. It is proposed that adding diacylglycerols to aged membranes affects the properties of the membranes and probably enzyme-lipid interactions.

Aging↗

Phospholipid base-exchange in brain microvessels.

The capillary endothelium of cerebral microvessels plays an important role in homeostasis within the central nervous system. The flux of fluids and solutes takes place through the lipid matrix of plasma membranes and the maintenance of their structural composition is necessary for cell membrane permeability and the cellular transport systems. Few studies have been carried out to clarify the relationships between brain microvessel lipid metabolism and the role of this metabolism. We have studied a particular aspect of the phospholipid metabolism, i.e. their hydrosoluble head group exchange with free choline, ethanolamine or serine, in capillaries from brains of both 4 month- old and 24 month-old rats. The results obtained indicate that microvessels possess the biochemical machinery of base-exchange reaction, whose activity rate appears unaffected by age.

Aging↗