The pathogenicity of intestinal spirochaetosis.
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Diarrhea↗
Biomedical subjects
A Gad
Publications and source records attributed to A Gad.
The effect of laboratory colonization on the vector-pathogen interactions of Egyptian Culex pipiens and Rift Valley fever virus.
Field and laboratory findings implicated Culex pipiens as a vector of Rift Valley fever (RVF) virus during the 1977-1978 epizootics/epidemics in Egypt. This study evaluated changes in infection and transmission rates, and viral titers in F1 through F16 generation Cx. pipiens mosquitoes orally infected with RVF virus. Infection and transmission rates of RVF virus by this species changed significantly during the colonization process. However, the ultimate viral titers of either the transmitting or the infected nontransmitting mosquitoes were not affected by the colonization process. Following ingestion of virus, Cx. pipiens could be separated into three distinct subpopulations, an uninfected group and two types of infected mosquitoes--transmitters and nontransmitters. Transmitters contained significantly more virus (approximately 100-fold) than nontransmitters. These results demonstrated that not every infected female mosquito should be considered a competent vector, even if the species (population) is known to be a primary vector. Transmission was also accomplished by probing mosquitoes which were unsuccessful in obtaining a blood meal. These data document the long-held suspicion that vector competence studies based upon laboratory-colonized specimens may not represent the field situation.
Animals↗
Niridazole and fertility in bilharzial men.
The antispermatogenic effect of niridazole was studied in 20 bilharzialmale patients. Niridazole was found to induce defective spermatogenesis in the form of focal spermatocyte arrest and or germinal cell hypoplasia. The effect was transient, with active recovery occurring 3 months after therapy. Niridazole therapy must be postponed or changed for those subjects whose semen parameters prove to be subfertile.
Biopsy↗
Screening for breast cancer: the Swedish trial.
A randomized, controlled mammographic screening procedure has been initiated in Sweden. The study has been conducted since 1977 in Kopparberg county and since 1978 in Ostergötland county. This paper describes the planning and organization of the study as well as the method of screening used. The results of the first 27 months in Kopparberg county are presented.
Adult↗
Necrotizing sialometaplasia of the lip simulating squamous cell carcinoma.
A case of necrotizing sialometaplasia of the lip in an 68-year-old pipe smoker is described. Necrotizing sialometaplasia is a self-healing non-neoplastic disease probably of ischaemic nature. Thirty-nine cases of sialometaplasia are described in the literature up to early 1979. These cases appeared in the palate, nasal cavity, gingiva, lip, hypopharynx and maxillary sinus. Six cases have also been reported from major salivary glands. Histologically there is necrosis of mucous cells with partial replacement by squamous epithelium. This entity has often been mistaken for squamous or mucoepidermoid carcinoma. One has to be familiar with the existence of necrotizing sialometaplasia in ordeg surgery.
Aged↗
Peliosis hepatis as a result of endogenous steroid hormone production.
A case of peliosis hepatis in a 3 year old child with steroid hormone producing adreanl tumour is presented. The diagnosis of the adrenal tumour and peliosis hepatis was settled on the basis of surgical material examination. This case of peliosis hepatis due to endogenous steroid production lends more support to the earlier reported cases of iatrogenically produced peliosis due to exogenous steroid treatment.
Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
Extracranial meningioma presenting as a nasal polyp.
The extracranial occurrence of meningiomas is summarized. A patient suffering from repeated episodes of epistaxis presented with a lobulated nasal polyp which was found to be a meningioma. At subsequent radical removal, the extracranial location in the nose, ethmoidal region and cribriform area was verified.
Diagnosis, Differential↗
Benign idiopathic recurrent rectal ulceration (BIRRU).
New clinical aspects of the condition currently known as solitary ulcer of the rectum are presented and various histological phases in its development are described. Benign idiopathic recurrent rectal ulceration, shortened as BIRRU, is suggested, as a new more appropriate nomenclature.
Adult↗
Mucin histochemistry and questions in gastroenterology.
A group of modern mucosubstance histochemical techniques was employed on normal and pathological specimens obtained from the gastrointestinal tract of 2212 individuals. In the light of the results, five main problems in the filed of gastroenterology are discussed; namely: 1) The nature of intestinal metaplasia and histogenesis of adenocarcinoma of the stomach, 2) Early diagnosis of small intestinal carcinoma, 3) The so called transitional colonic mucosa, 4) The diagnosis of ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease and 5) Differential diagnosis of other carcinomas growing into the large bowel.
Adult↗
Whipple's disease: the role of duodenal biopsy in diagnosis and follow-up.
Blind suction small intestinal biopsy is still the classical method in establishing the diagnosis of Whipple's disease. Duodenal endoscopy with directed biopsy seems however to be a better alternative after the description, in recent years, of a characteristic endoscopic picture of Whipple's disease. In clinically suspected cases, biopsy from other parts of the small intestine may be rewarding if the duodenal biopsy is negative. A case of Whipple's disease, diagnosed by duodenal biopsy, is reported and the relevant literature is discussed.
Aged↗
Lipomatous lesions of the uterus.
Four lipomatous lesions of the uterus are reported and the available literature from 1965 to 1976 is reviewed. It is suggested that these lesions result from metamorphosis of uterine smooth muscle which can proceed to form localised or diffuse mature adipose tissue in a leiomyoma or in the myometrium. Three terms are suggested for the nomenclature of the various morphological types of lipomatous lesions of the uterus: diffuse lipomatosis in a leiomyoma, circumscribed lipomatosis in a leiomyoma and uterine lipoma.
Adipose Tissue↗
Solitary dural plasmacytoma.
Only four of the nine published cases of solitary, extraskeletal, intracranial plasmacytoma are considered authentic. In this report we describe an accidentally discovered dural plasmacytoma and draw the attention to this rare lesion which might have a different prognosis from the rather benign course of meningioma with which it is confused.
Brain↗
Spontaneous mammary carcinoma in C57BL and C3H mice: a histochemical study.
The mucosubstances in a series of 12 mammary carcinomas arising in C57BL mice were compared with those in tumours in nine C3H mice and with normal "resting" and lactating glands. A strain difference rather than a difference according to tumour type was found. The epithelial elements in the C57BL tumours contained mainly sialomucin with a little neutral mucosubstance and sulphomucin was present in some. Sulphated mucopolysaccharide was prominent in the stroma of these tumours. The C3H mice tumours contained no sulphomucin, less sialomucin but more neutral mucosubstance. The mucosubstances were studied in serial transplants of four tumours. An acid to neutral mucosubstance change with dedifferentiation of the tumour has been observed and found to be similar to a series of changes previously observed in a group of human gastrointestinal tumours.
Adenocarcinoma↗
The frequency of Candida infections in pregnancy and their treatment with clotrimazole.
In an open study, 243 pregnant women were investigated for Candida infection of the vagina. Clinical diagnosis, confirmed by culture, showed that 163 (56%) were infected at some time during pregnancy. Infected patients were treated for 6 days with clotrimazole, I vaginal tablet per day plus cream applied externally. Treatment was considered as well accepted by all, and as successful in 84% of cases in the first trimester, 87% in the second, and 78% in the third trimester. There was no evidence of a relationship between Candida infection of the mother and the incidence of abortion or other disease of the newborn. It is suggested that early treatment of Candida infections of the vagina during pregnancy can greatly reduce the incidence of fungal infections in the newborn. In this series, only 3 of the 200 live births had a post-partum fungal infection: all were delivered by Caesarian section and the infection was not recorded until the third month in hospital.
Abortion, Spontaneous↗
Pulmonary eosinophilic gramuloma in a child.
The occurrence of pulmonary eosinophilic granuloma in a 3-year-old child is described. She presented with a pneumothorax and typical radiological changes and the diagnosis was confirmed by lung biopsy. There was no objective evidence of improvement after radiotherapy when lung function was assessed by gamma scans. She died suddenly while abroad.
Biopsy↗
Adenocarcinoma of the stomach: radiological and pathological correlation of effects of treatment with fast neutrons.
During the past six years 40 patients have been treated with fast neutrons for inoperable adenocarcinoma of the stomach. A number of these patients have been studied in detail both radiologically and pathologically with regard to the effects of fast neutrons on both the tumour and normal stomach. After treatment there was a constant reduction in size of the stomach capacity when compared with a control group and the motility of the stomach was lost. Mucosal changes, which were noted radiologically, appeared to be dose related. Histologically most of the tumour was destroyed. Small clumps of cells were, however, found in all except one of the patients but only in areas of the stomach which had not received the standard dose. Marked fibrosis occurred and it is our impression that the amount of fibrosis is in excess of that seen with other forms of radiotherapy.
Adenocarcinoma↗
Rhabdomyoma of the vagina.
A case of rhabdomyoma of the vagina in a 47-year-old woman is reported. This newly recognised entity is distinct from sarcoma botryoides and the socalled "benign vaginal polyp".
Cell Nucleus↗
Lobular carcinoma of the breast: a special variant of mucin-secreting carcinoma.
There is currently much speculation over the precise nature of lobular carcinoma in-situ of the breast and its significance. Histochemical study shows that it is rich in sialomucin. This has a characteristic intracellular distribution which distinghishes lobular carcinoma in-situ from cancerization of lobules. The same histochemical features are seen in the infiltrative phase of the tumour. These findings invalidate the concept that it is a myoepithelial-cell tumour. Practical applications of the distinctive pattern of mucin secretion are discussed.
Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous↗