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Biomedical subjects

A G Walton

Publications and source records attributed to A G Walton.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2002

Sialochemistry in juvenile idiopathic arthritis.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate whether there are any differences in salivary flow rates and saliva composition that may contribute to the reported increase in caries prevalence in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). DESIGN: Randomized controlled trial. SETTING: The sialochemistry of children with JIA has rarely been investigated. METHODS: Unstimulated and stimulated whole saliva was collected from 17 randomly selected JIA patients and 17 age and sex matched controls. Both samples were analysed for salivary flow rate, pH, calcium and phosphate. RESULTS: Unstimulated and stimulated JIA saliva flow rates, and the flow rate change from unstimulated to stimulated in JIA saliva were all significantly lower than the controls. There were no significant differences in the pH of unstimulated and stimulated JIA saliva compared with the controls, however, the change in pH (from unstimulated to stimulated) in the study group was significantly greater. The JIA patients had non-significantly lower levels of both calcium and phosphate ions in the unstimulated and stimulated samples. CONCLUSIONS: This data would suggest that there is both a reduced resting salivary flow and a reduced response to stimulation in JIA patients, which may contribute to a previously reported higher caries prevalence.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Oral health and juvenile idiopathic arthritis: a review.

Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) results in significant morbidity that includes an adverse impact on oral health that is generally not well recognized. This review describes current literature which demonstrates poor oral health in children with JIA. The impact of JIA on oral health is probably multifactorial and these factors are discussed. This review emphasizes the role of paediatric dentistry in the multidisciplinary management of JIA and highlights the need for further research.

Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal↗
PubMed1999

Continued apexogenesis of immature permanent incisors following trauma.

Two cases of trauma to immature teeth are described which differed significantly in their initial severity. However, both subsequently presented with continued apical root formation. In the two cases a histological examination after tooth removal confirmed continued apical development of the traumatised immature teeth distant to their respective coronal portions. These cases highlight the resilience of the root sheath of Hertwig to trauma.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Juvenile chronic arthritis: a dental review.

A review of the literature relating to juvenile chronic arthritis (JCA) is presented. It includes a description of the disease itself and identifies our knowledge of the increased risk of dental disease associated with this condition. In addition the impact of JCA therapy on the dental management of the patient is discussed. The review highlights the need for further research into the effects of the disease on dental caries, periodontal disease and saliva.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

A comparison of the relative acidogenic potential of infant milk and soya infant formula: a plaque pH study.

Soya infant formulas contain glucose syrups instead of lactose, which has led to concern that they are potentially more cariogenic than standard infant milk formulas, which contain lactose. However, the cariogenic potential of soya infant formulas has not been tested. The aim of this study was, therefore, to compare the effect of a soya infant formula and an infant milk on the pH of dental plaque. The study group consisted of 19 adults in whom plaque pH was measured before, and 3, 7, 11, 15, 19, 23 and 27 minutes after, rinsing the mouth with each of the formulas. pH curves were compiled and acidogenicity expressed as 'pH area', minimum pH reached, and maximum pH decrease. No statistically significant differences were observed between the acidogenicity of the soya infant formula and the infant milk.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Platelet interaction with synthetic copolypeptide films.

Kinetic and equilibrium studies of blood platelet binding to copolypeptide films show that attachment and serotonin release are not dependent upon the composition of the copolypeptide. Data may be explained by postulating that platelets frequently collide elastically with the surface but leave behind material that modifies subsequent behavior. Similarly, material released from platelets adsorbs at the interface and the extent of attachment and serotonin release are modified and controlled by these adsorbed species. Basically, if the platelet is exposed to a clean surface, its collision with the surface leads to activation and release. In the presence of inert protein, the collision is cushioned by the protein and platelets do not attach or release to any extent. Finally, if protein (or other entities) released from the platelet provide attachment sites, then attachment occurs without release. It is postulated that the behavior of platelets at surfaces is controlled by these interrelated processes.

Biocompatible Materials↗
PubMed1977

An analysis of molecular interactions involved in the assembly of tropomyosin tactoids.

Arrangements of parallel and antiparallel tropomyosin molecules are examined for residue interactions which might explain the paracrystal forms observed by electron microscopy. Molecular arrays which produce interaction maxima and corresponding computer graphics-simulated staining patterns are compared with observd electron micrographs. The best correlation of interactions with staining pattern occurs when cationic bridging of acid residues is maximized and supported by favourable ion pair interactions. In the antiparallel case, two main maxima occur and appear to correspond to divalent ion tactoids which have been previously reported. For the Cohen-Longley Mg2+ tactoid the best fit is obtained with a molecular overlap of 201 residues and an end overlap of 17-18 residues (based on a rational 287 peptide sequence). Secondary maxima correspond to other known tactoid forms. Binding of tropomyosin molecules to actin may involve hydrogen bonding to six serine residues which occur at approx. 40-residue intervals.

Binding Sites↗