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Biomedical subjects

A G Shapkin

Publications and source records attributed to A G Shapkin.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2004

Simultaneous recording of eeg and direct current (DC) potential makes it possible to assess functional and metabolic state of nervous tissue.

It has been proposed to assess functional and metabolic state of the brain nervous tissue in terms of bioelectrical parameters. Simultaneous recording of the DC potential level and total slow electrical activity of the nervous tissue was performed in the object of study by nonpolarizable Ag/AgCl electrodes with a DC amplifier. The functional and metabolic state of the brain was determined in terms of enhancement or reduction in the total slow electrical activity and positive or negative shifts in the DC potential level.

Adenosine↗
PubMed2003

Changes in the steady-state potential in rats with focal cerebral ischemia receiving cyclopentyladenosine.

Brain function and neuroprotective activity of cyclopentyladenosine in rats with focal cerebral ischemia were evaluated by recording the steady-state potential. Cerebral ischemia was modeled by intravasal occlusion of the left internal carotid and middle cerebral arteries and bilateral occlusion of the common carotid arteries. Recording of the steady-state brain potential during experimental ischemia allowed identifying the development of ischemic depolarization by a negative potential shift. Changes in the steady-state potential after cyclopentyladenosine administration reflected delayed development of ischemic depolarization in the nervous tissue. Cyclopentyladenosine holds much promise for the protection of nerve cells from ischemic injury.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed2002

New minimally invasive model of spinal cord ischemia in rats.

We developed a new minimally invasive model of spinal cord ischemia in rats: intravascular occlusion of the abdominal aorta and its branches. This model can be used on small laboratory animals and allows qualitatively and quantitatively evaluating the morphofunctional state of the nervous system during spinal cord ischemia by clinical manifestations and histological changes. Selective intravascular occlusion determines minimal invasiveness and adequacy of the proposed model to in vivo pathological processes. This model of spinal cord ischemia can be used in experimental pharmacology for evaluation of neuroprotective activity of various drugs and bioactive substances.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

[Transthoracic approach in surgery of the kidneys].

Under analysis were clinical observations of 37 patients who were subjected to transthoracal nephrectomy. Positive sides and advantages of transthoracal nephrectomies were noted. Preliminary embolization of the arterial bed of the kidney was shown to be not expedient in the surgical procedure in question. It is emphasized that in carcinoma of the kidney the above mentioned access is the access of choice. Wider introduction of the method into the every-day urological practice is recommended.

Diaphragm↗
PubMed1988

[Perestroika in the surgery of renal tuberculosis and its scientific substantiation].

Based on vast experimental studies and many-years personal experience on the conservative and surgical treatment of tuberculosis of the kidneys the author has made a conclusion of a necessary change of all the work for the detection and treatment of nephrotuberculosis. Of primary importance is the organisation of early diagnostics of focal tuberculosis of the renal parenchyma and its radical-prophylactic surgical treatment, preventing the development of spreaded and neglected forms of the disease. To organize this work it is necessary to accept the new pathogenetically substantiated evolutionary classification of tuberculosis of the kidneys dividing the development of the disease into 4 stages.

Antitubercular Agents↗
PubMed1986

[Rare forms of ureteral pathology in surgical practice].

Clinical observations of two patients are described. Direct vesicopelvic anastomosis was fulfilled in both of them: in one patient--in autotransplantation of the left kidney, in the other--in pelvic dystopia of the hydronephrotically altered right kidney. Clinical recovery and perfect restoration of working capacity of the patients was obtained. None of them had vesicopelvic refluxes.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[Radical-preventive surgery in cavernous tuberculosis of the kidneys].

On the model of focal-caseous tuberculosis of kidneys in 210 rabbits it was proved that effects of antibacterial drugs in any concentration have their limits and fail to liquidate the cavernous injuries of the renal parenchyma. The investigation of long-term results of the conservative treatment of 153 patients with the cavernous tuberculosis of kidneys has completely confirmed the conclusions of experimental investigations. An analysis of long-term results of organ-preserving focal operations in experiments and clinic gave a substantial support to a real possibility to cure the pathological process. The author points to an importance to revise the idea of the leading role of the conservative antibacterial therapy in favor of wider using radical-prophylactic operations in limited cavernous tuberculosis of kidneys.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

[Autotransplantation of the kidney in tuberculosis].

Autotransplantation of the left kidney into the iliac zone was fulfilled. A direct pelvic-vesical anastomosis was made for total tuberculosis of the ureter, which resulted in perfect clinical recovery. The patient was reexamined 6 months later and found to be practically healthy. On the basis of the absence of the vesical-pelvic reflux in the autotransplanted kidney the authors propose to refuse of the intestinal plasty of the ureter in favour of the vesical-pelvic (pelvic-vesical) anastomosis.

Follow-Up Studies↗
PubMed1985

[Elaboration of organ-sparing operations in cavernous tuberculosis of the kidneys].

A clinico-experimental study was performed in 132 rabbits and 8 patients. The formation of so-called "giant caverns" is thought by the authors to be due to disturbed vascularization of proximal portions of the tubules resulting in their gradual destruction and fusion. The necessary removal of not only the superficial retention structures erroneously called "giant cavern" but also the somewhat deeper caseous-cavernous tuberculosis focus is stressed.

Animals↗