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Biomedical subjects

A G Juimo

Publications and source records attributed to A G Juimo.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2000

[Prolactinomas in Yaounde: analytical study of 36 consecutive cases followed in the internal medicine department of the Yaounde Hospital from 1990 to 1996].

We analysed the epidemiological, clinical, biological, morphological and therapeutic characteristics of 36 cases of pituitary prolactinomas in Yaoundé, Cameroun. Diagnosis was made on the basis of neuro-ophthalmological, gynaecological and sexual symptoms associated with quantity determinations of prolactinemia, total testosterone and blood oestrogen, folliculo stimulating hormone and luteining hormone. Expected levels of prolactinemia are above 150 micrograms/l. Cerebral tomodensitometry and, where possible, magnetic resonance imaging were used. Among the 24 patients on whom a tomodensitometry was performed, 4 male patients presented macroprolactinomas; the remaining 20 patients--mostly female--had microprolactinomas. Macroprolactinomas were found in male patients only, leading to an acute ophthalmological emergency for 2 of them who were operated in Paris-France. All the patients were put on bromocriptine; this molecule has antisecretory and antiproliferative properties, which are very useful in Africa, since surgery is very expensive. Cases of resistance to the molecule exist and new dopaminergic agonists are not yet being used in Cameroon.

Bromocriptine↗
PubMed1999

[Severe forms of malaria in children in a general hospital pediatric department in Yaounde, Cameroon].

Severe forms of malaria in children are responsible for 1 million deaths yearly in young children in hyperendemic areas. The main objective of this study was to identify and compare common manifestations of different forms of severe malaria and to evaluate the prognosis for hospital treatment in an endemic area. 271 files of children admitted into hospital between March 1991 and September 1996 were analysed. These children were confirmed to have Plasmodium falciparum in their peripheral blood. 78 patients (29%) had the severe form of malaria. 43 patients (53%) were under 5 years of age. The 5 severe types identified were characterized by very high temperatures 28 cases (36%), cerebral malaria 20 cases (26%), prostration and weakness 15 cases (19%), severe anaemia 14 cases (18%) and haemoglobinuria 1 case (1.3%). Cerebral malaria and severe anaemia were more common in children under 5 years old. The average parasitemia was 16,366 +/- 1390 parasites per microlitre. Clearance of parasitemia was obtained on day 3 in almost all cases; 6 patients with very high temperatures presented neither sign of visceral complications nor convulsions. The average period in coma for cases of cerebral malaria was 1.7 days; 12 anaemic patients were transfused. There were no deaths. No abnormality was found on physical examination after an average hospitalisation of 5.3 days. An early diagnosis and adequate treatment of severe forms of malaria in children by qualified personnel will usually result in a favourable prognosis in our area.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Superior vena cava tumoral thrombosis revealing a Burkitt's lymphoma and a lymphoblastic non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. A case report.

Superior vena cava thrombosis (SVCT) is a rare pathology, though of great significance since it implies the development of a malignant process. The most common etiologies are basically bronchopulmonary and mediastinal tumors. Observations involving 2 patients presenting with superior vena cava syndrome (SVCS) are reported in this study, in which radiologic investigations (chest roentgenogram, computed tomography scan of the thorax, and superior vena cavography) revealed thrombosis of the SVC disclosing in both cases a non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. The first case was a mediastinal Burkitt's lymphoma in a thirty-eight-year-old man (exceptional form) and in the second case a lymphoblastic non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in a nine-year-old girl. In the patient with Burkitt's lymphoma healing was satisfactory twenty-four months after treatment by surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. The second patient died suddenly. In both cases the SVCT revealed the tumor. The causes of SVCT are reviewed and discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

[Developing cancer from a probable misdiagnosed pancreatic cystadenoma].

This paper reports the malignant transformation of a benign pancreatic cyst treated by internal drainage in a 30-year-old woman. The initial lesion was diagnosed on surgical biopsy of the cyst wall. The diagnosis of pancreatic carcinoma was made after one year of satisfactory course, by fine needle cytologic aspiration of the fibrous retraction of the cyst; at that time the patient had severe pancreatic pain with multinodular liver on ultrasonography. The conclusion is the recommendation of total excision of pancreatic cysts whenever the diagnosis is incomplete or imprecise.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[Rare association of a non-functional retroperitoneal paraganglioma and nephrotic syndrome].

Non functional retroperitoneal paragangliomas are rare: less than 50 cases in literature. They are usually asymptomatic and can attain reasonable dimensions. The association with nephrotic syndrome is exceptional. The authors report a clinical observation of non-functional paraganglioma in a 45 year old woman, with repeated surgical abstention. Literature was reviewed and therapeutic indications discussed.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1992

Extraintestinal amebiasis.

Extraintestinal involvement is a dreaded complication of amebiasis, with a reported mortality rate of 7%-14%. The authors retrospectively studied 188 patients with extraintestinal amebiasis confirmed by means of clinical, surgical, and radiologic criteria over a 45-month period. Ultrasonography (US) was the mainstay of radiologic investigation. Liver abscess was present in 183 patients (97%); five patients (3%) had other organ involvement but a normal liver. The majority of liver abscesses were in the right lobe. US is recommended for the diagnosis and follow-up of patients with extraintestinal amebiasis. It is noninvasive, simple, easily reproducible, and less expensive than computed tomography. Portable models can be taken into remote areas of the less-developed world.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Gall stone disease in African patients with sickle cell anaemia: a preliminary report from Yaounde, Cameroon.

Cholecystosonography was undertaken in 90 patients with sickle cell disease aged 15 years and over. Gall stones were found in 26 (28.9%) patients. There was no sex difference, but the incidence increased with age from 13.2% at under 20 years to 75% at 30 years and over. The mean serum cholesterol and total and unconjugated bilirubin concentrations were not significantly different between patients with and without gall stones. As most (80.8%) stones were radiolucent they were probably of pigment type, containing little or no calcium, and further investigation into how they are produced is needed. Sickle cell patients with acute abdominal crisis should have gall bladder disease excluded before a diagnosis of vascular crisis is made.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

[Obstructive jaundice in Yaounde. Value of echography and transhepatic cholangiography in determining the cause].

The purpose of the study was to assess the clinical value of ultrasonography (US) and percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC) in the workup of obstructive jaundice in Yaoundé. From 3,000 ultrasonographic studies done between September 1987 and February 1990, the authors drew 37 cases of obstructive jaundice. 22 of them were explored with both US and PTC. The cause of obstruction was tumor for 14, inflammation or malformation for 4 and biliary stone for 4. US could predict the cause in 55 p. cent of cases and PTC in 77 p. cent of cases. PTC was particularly helpful in case of non tumoral causes. The authors conclude that, in their setting where computed tomography is scarce and expensive, the combination of both US and PTC is rewarding, when the problem is the determination of the nature of obstruction.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[Pheochromocytoma and pregnancy. Apropos of a case].

Pregnancy complicated by pheochromocytoma is rarely reported; fewer than 150 cases in the published literature, while their diagnosis during the antepartum period is even more rare; fewer than 50 documented cases. The risk to the mother and fetus is considerable but early diagnosis and treatment markedly reduce infantile and maternal mortality. A case of pheochromocytoma during pregnancy is reported in which a favorable prognosis was noted for both mother and child.

Adrenal Gland Neoplasms↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The value of medical imaging in the diagnosis and assessment of local and regional extension of cancers of the cavum at Yaounde].

In this work, we aimed to provide a clear description of the contribution to and role of major imaging techniques in the diagnosis of cancers of the cavum and assessment of their local and regional expansion. This should provide doctors with a useful guide for decisions concerning the imaging technique to be used. This is a retrospective analysis of 41 cases of cavum cancer, all confirmed by histology. The series consisted of 29 male patients (70%) and 12 female patients (30%), giving a sex ratio of 2.4. The mean age of the patients was 42 years (range: 11 to 71 years). All patients were examined and treated in the Radiology and Oncological Radiotherapy Department of Yaounde General Hospital over a period of eight years (December 1988 to November 1996 inclusive). All data relating to diagnosis, assessment of local and regional expansion and the response of the tumor to treatment were retrieved from the medical files and analyzed. We found that clinical diagnosis of cancer of the cavum was difficult and this cancer was often diagnosed late. It was therefore often necessary to resort to paraclinical means of diagnosis and assessment of expansion, such as endoscopy, conventional X rays and tomography. Endoscopy and conventional X rays give poor results but may be used if there is a lack of equipment or for an initial examination, to be followed by assessment using other methods. Tomography remains the most effective technique and is recommended for the diagnosis of cancers of the cavum and for assessment of their local and regional expansion.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Therapeutic management of primary digestive lymphomas at Yaoundé: analysis of a series of 46 cases].

The aim of this study was to identify the principal deficiencies and difficulties associated with the treatment of primary digestive lymphomas at Yaounde. We analyzed the medical records of 46 patients treated at Yaounde General Hospital over a period of 7 years (January 1989 to December 1996). The study population consisted of 24 men (52%) and 22 women (48%), giving a sex ratio of 1.08. The mean age of the patients was 49 years (range: 18 to 80 years). The treatment of these patients was not always optimal, due largely to socioeconomic and technical factors. We observed cases of very late diagnosis in which the histological data were imprecise or incomplete, in the absence of modern histological techniques. Assessment of the expansion of tumors was frequently inadequate, due to the absence of scanners or the inability to pay for their use. These problems, and the high cost of chemotherapy and radiotherapy, have severely limited the efficacy of treatment, resulting in poorer responses to treatment than reported elsewhere. In conclusion, national solidarity and cooperation at the regional and international levels seem to be necessary in these clinical conditions, to overcome these obstacles and to improve the quality of treatment for patients in general, and for those with primary digestive lymphomas in particular.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Chronic pancreatitis in Cameroon. Analysis of etiological and clinical aspects].

In a collection of 3,571 patient's files admitted in the University Teaching Hospital and the Yaounde General Hospital, we studied 27 patients suspected of chronic pancreatitis. 20 patients with calcified chronic pancreatitis benefited from a detailed history, physical examination and a complete paraclinical work-up. From the data collected, chronic alcoholism seemed to have been the main aetiology. Industrial beer from barley alone and/or associated with other traditional liquors was most consumed. The majority of patients were heavy alcoholics and daily consumption varied from 75 to 124 g of pure alcohol. The natural history of the disease and physical examination were identical to that observed in the western countries. Associated pathology was observed in 10% of the patients. This included peptic ulcer disease, cirrhosis and bile stones. Complications included diabetics, obstructive jaundice, and malabsorption syndrome. As a conclusion, chronic pancreatitis is a pathology whose prevalence seems to be progressing constantly.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Lymphography as an investigation method for bladder cancer in adults].

The use of lymphography as an investigational method in bladder cancer is a controversial subject. Results of a personal series of 90 cases, including 50 that were histologically confirmed, are compared with those reported in the published literature. Results were fairly different from those previously described, as though there was a lower sensitivity (43 as against 85 p. cent in the literature), specificity was much higher (100 as against 94 p. cent) as well as positive predictive value (100 as against 69 p. cent). This improvement was mainly due to the use of Piver and Wallace's assessment criteria, and results should be improved still further in the future by more frequent use of needle puncture cytology. Even with the increasing employ of the scanner, lymphography still remains a precise method for investigating bladder cancer.

Adult↗