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Biomedical subjects

A G Chuchalin

Publications and source records attributed to A G Chuchalin.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2003

Peroxiredoxin VI in human respiratory system.

Peroxiredoxins (Prxs) constitute a novel family of antioxidant proteins, which specifically prevent enzymes from metal-catalyzed oxidation. The localization of a member of the mono-cystein subfamily of Prxs, Prx VI in human respiratory system and its antioxidant properties were investigated. By immunoblotting, the Prx VI was found to be present in human respiratory epithelium. Immunostaining with rabbit polyclonal antibody raised against the Prx VI revealed that the said protein was present in apical areas and mucus of all respiratory airways from trachea to bronchioles. Immunodepletion of the Prx VI profoundly decreased the antioxidant activity of the respiratory epithelium extract.

Antioxidants↗
PubMed2003

Extracts of lung cancer cells reveal antitumour antibodies in sera of patients with lung cancer.

The objective of the present study was to reveal antitumour antibodies in sera of patients with small cell lung cancer (SCLC). The antibodies in sera of patients with SCLC and other tumours were detected by immunoblotting with whole extracts of SCLC cells as the antigen source. Sera of patients with various pulmonological disorders, irradiated during the liquidation of consequences of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant incident (a high-risk group in lung cancer), were also analysed. The present authors' found that SCLC sera contain a set (pattern) of antitumour antibodies which are rarely detected in sera of patients with cancers different from SCLC and very rarely, if ever, present in sera of healthy individuals. The sensitivity and the specificity of the pattern are equal to 80% and 91%, correspondingly. In the high-risk group in lung cancer, the frequencies of the antibodies are somewhat lower than the corresponding values in SCLC sera, but significantly larger than those in healthy sera. The findings of the present study create a basis for clinical application of the antitumour antibodies described.

Antibodies, Neoplasm↗
PubMed2003

[Leptin levels in patients with bronchial asthma and diabetes mellitus].

AIM: To estimate leptin production in long-term steroid therapy, insulin resistance and obesity. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Leptin concentrations were measured with enzyme immunoassay in 101 patients with bronchial asthma and diabetes mellitus and 31 healthy controls with overweight. The mean age was 54.4 +/- 14.1 years in males and 56.8 +/- 12.1 years in females. The body mass index ranged from 18 to 47 kg/m2, while leptin varied from 0.1 to 105.8 ng/ml. RESULTS: Leptin was highest in patients with bronchial asthma and steroids-induced diabetes mellitus, lower in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 and obese controls while it was lowest in patients with atopic bronchial asthma. CONCLUSION: Steroids and insulin resistance participate in the regulation of leptin production. Steroids induce hyperleptinemia in vivo more intensively than insulin.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

[Bone mineral density and risk factors for developing osteoporosis in bronchial asthma patients].

AIM: To estimate mineral bone tissue density (MBTD) and risk factors for osteoporosis in patients with bronchial asthma (BA). MATERIAL AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study included 119 patients (48 males and 71 females) aged 18 to 49 years who had no diseases or states that can induce MBTD, except BA. The patients were divided into 3 groups: 1) those untreated with glucocorticoids (GC); 2) those who received inhaled GC; and 3) those who permanently took oral and inhaled GC. The patients underwent questionnaire survey, double-power X-ray absorption of the lumbar vertebral column and proximal femur, and X-ray study; forced expiratory volume per sec and peak expiratory function were measured. RESULTS: In Group 1 patients, there was a high incidence of osteopenia that increased with the severity of BA. About 2.5-year therapy with inhaled GC in large and small doses had no impact on MBTD. The prolonged use of systemic GC caused a marked reduction in MBTD and led to the development of osteoporetic fractures. Changes were detected in both the lumbar spine and proximal femur. In males and females, MBTD decreases were equal. MBTD correlated with the duration of GC therapy and with age at its initiation, but not with the daily dose of GC. In 15.4% of the patients, MBTD remained in the normal range despite the prolonged use of GC in large doses. Osteoporetic fractures were observed at the values of MBTD, which had not reached the stage of osteoporosis according to the WHO criteria, which was indicative of qualitative GC-induced bone tissue changes. CONCLUSION: GC is an important, but not alone, risk factor for osteoporosis in asthmatic patients. The high rate of low MBTD among the patients receiving no GC suggests that it is necessary to make an early diagnosis and to perform rational treatments.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Suppression of programmed cell death by intracellular cAMP is not mediated by expression of genes encoding an inhibitor of apoptosis.

The elevation of intracellular cAMP content is accompanied by expression of genes whose promoter contains a Ca(2+)-cAMP responsive element. In vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC), activation of cAMP signaling blocks apoptosis triggered by serum deprivation. In the present study we investigated the role of gene expression in the inhibition of apoptosis by cAMP. In VSMC transfected with E1A adenovirus, incubation in the absence of serum for 6 h led to 20-fold elevation of chromatin fragmentation and 10-fold activation of caspase-3 activity, these being employed as markers of apoptosis. Forskolin-induced activation of cAMP signaling was accompanied by 50% elevation of RNA synthesis and completely abolished the development of apoptosis during the initial 6 h incubation in growth factor-free medium. In 12 h apoptosis in forskolin-treated VSMC was slowly developed and after 24 h the content of chromatin fragments was 2-fold less than in control cells. Addition of actinomycin D and cycloheximide completely blocked RNA synthesis and decreased protein synthesis by 80%, respectively. Neither compound affected baseline apoptosis or its inhibition by forskolin. More than 70 newly phosphorylated proteins were observed by 2D-electrophoresis of VSMC after incubation with forskolin for 3 h; in 24 h the number of phosphoproteins triggered by forskolin was decreased by 2-3-fold. These results show that suppression of VSMC apoptosis under activation of cAMP signaling is mediated via posttranslational modification of pre-existing intermediates of the apoptotic machinery rather than by de novo synthesis of inhibitors of programmed cell death.

Adenoviridae↗
PubMed2002

Diagnostic value of tumor markers Cyfra 21-1 and neuron-specific enolase in analysis of pleural fluid.

The diagnostic value of tumor markers Cyfra 21-1 and neuron-specific enolase in blood serum and pleural fluid in differential diagnosis of pleural exudation in cancer patients and patients with nontumor pleurisy was evaluated. The most pronounced changes were characteristic of Cyfra 21-1. In patients with pleurisy caused by malignant tumors the degree and incidence of increased Cyfra 21-1 concentrations in the serum and pleural fluid were higher than in patients with pleural exudation of nontumor origin. These data attest to high diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of Cyfra 21-1. Complex measurements of the marker in the serum and pleural fluid will improve diagnosis of pleural exudation of tumorous etiology.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

A health-related quality-of-life comparison of formoterol (Oxis) Turbuhaler plus budesonide (Pulmicort) Turbuhaler with budesonide Turbuhaler alone and noncorticosteroid treatment in asthma: a randomized clinical study in Russia.

BACKGROUND: In Russia, current therapy for the long-term management of asthma is mainly nonsteroidal. This situation provides the opportunity to evaluate new asthma treatments in a patient cohort with little previous exposure to inhaled corticosteroids. OBJECTIVES: To compare the effect of formoterol (Oxis) Turbuhaler plus budesonide (Pulmicort) Turbuhaler with budesonide Turbuhaler alone, on the health-related quality of life (HRQL) of patients with mild to moderate asthma. METHODS: A double-blind, parallel-group, randomized, 12-week study compared formoterol Turbuhaler plus budesonide Turbuhaler and budesonide Turbuhaler alone with an open control group of the investigator's choice of noncorticosteroid therapy. Patients completed the Short Form 36 (SF-36) and the Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire (AQLQ). RESULTS: The improvement in HRQL scores for patients treated with noncorticosteroids was significantly less (p < 0.05) than those treated with formoterol plus budesonide and budesonide alone in all domains of the SF-36 and AQLQ with one marginal exception (budesonide versus investigator's choice, SF-36, Mental Component Scale, p = 0.053). Improvements in HRQL scores of formoterol plus budesonide, compared with budesonide alone, although generally higher, were not significantly different. Formoterol plus budesonide was more effective in improving lung function and reducing both symptoms and the need for relief terbutaline inhalation. CONCLUSION: Formoterol Turbuhaler plus budesonide Turbuhaler and budesonide Turbuhaler alone significantly improved the HRQL of patients with mild to moderate asthma compared with noncorticosteroid treatment.

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMed2002

Clinical equivalence trial on budesonide delivered either by the Novolizer multidose dry powder inhaler or the Turbuhaler in asthmatic patients.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: To investigate the therapeutic equivalence of the two formulations of the glucocorticosteroid budesonide delivered either by the budesonide Novolizer, i.e. a multidose dry powder inhaler, or by the Pulmicort Turbuhaler in asthmatic patients in terms of efficacy, safety and tolerability during a 12-week treatment. METHODS: A total of 315 patients were randomised in this open, multicentre study. Inclusion criteria comprised previously diagnosed bronchial asthma of mild to moderate persistent intensity (ranging from 60% to a maximum of 90% predicted FEV(1)), need for anti-inflammatory therapy, inhalation of beta(2)-sympathomimetics on an as needed to regular basis, reversibility of airway obstruction of >12% after inhalation of 2 actuations of 100 microg salbutamol. Primary variable was FEV(1), secondary were other pulmonary function test variables, PC(20)FEV(1) for histamine challenge, morning and evening PEFR, salbutamol usage, asthma symptoms, reactions after inhalation, standard safety variables. RESULTS: The comparison of the FEV(1) at study endpoint indicated that the Novolizer was at least as efficacious as the Turbuhaler (p < 0.001). All other variables of the pulmonary function tests as well as the asthma symptoms, nocturnal awakenings, PEFR measurements, or salbutamol usage indicated no relevant difference. Only 1 patient (Turbuhaler discontinued prematurely due to lack of efficacy. None of the other safety variables (adverse events, laboratory variables, vital signs, etc.) indicated any difference between the groups. CONCLUSIONS: The budesonide Novolizer is therapeutically equivalent to the Pulmicort Turbuhaler for the long-term treatment of patients with mild to moderate persistent asthma.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

[Cardiorespiratory system in adult patients with mucoviscidosis].

AIM: To study cardiorespiratory system in adult patients with mucoviscedosis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: External respiration function, echocardiographic and dopplercardiographic evidence were analysed for 22 patients with mucoviscedosis. RESULTS: 66.7% examinees had mixed pulmonary ventilation disorders, 46% were found to have low diffuse capacity of the lungs correlating in degree with ventilatory abnormalities. Dilated right heart and high systolic pressure in the pulmonary artery were registered in 14% patients with marked obstruction. Left ventricular systolic and diastolic defects occurred in 23%. CONCLUSION: Adult patients with mucoviscedosis have mixed disorders of pulmonary ventilation, high pressure in pulmonary circulation and developing pulmonary heart in patients with severe obstruction.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

[N-Acetylcysteine: low and high doses in the treatment of chronic obstructive lung diseases in Chernobyl accident liquidators].

AIM: To study clinical effectiveness and antioxidant activity of N-acetylcisteine (NAC) in daily doses 600, 1200, 1800 and 2400 mg in Chernobyl wreckers suffering from chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Cough intensity and expectoration, malonic dialdehyde (MD), plasma calcium ions concentrations were studied in patients taking NAC. RESULTS: Cough intensity diminished insignificantly. Expectoration improved significantly only after intake of 1200 mg/day NAC. In higher doses expectoration difficulties appeared again. Five patients received a maintenance dose 200 mg/day as a result of which their expectoration improved. MDA in the above patients was 3.3 times higher than normal level, free calcium ion concentration was 1.7 times higher. Only 1200 mg/day dose of NAC brought MDA level to normal, higher doses made it subnormal. Calcium ions concentration decreased but insignificantly. Maintenance dose 200 mg/day returned MDA and calcium to initial level. CONCLUSION: For patients with radiation-induced affection of the respiratory tracts NAC dose 1200 mg/day is optimal both clinically and in terms of antioxidant activity.

Acetylcysteine↗
PubMed2002

[Comparison of linezolid and vancomycin in nosocomial pneumonia: results of the multicenter double-blind study].

The results of multicenter, randomized, double-blind comparative study of linezolid and vancomycin efficacy, safety and tolerability in the treatment of nosocomial pneumonia are presented. The trial was performed on 69 patients. Clinical efficacy of linezolid was 83 per cent, of vancomycin--79 per cent. Bacteriological effect (pathogen eradication) was 83 per cent for linezolid group and 86 per cent for vancomycin group. During the study good clinical tolerability of linezolid was demonstrated along with lower side effects incidence and shortened recovery period when compared to vancomycin.

Acetamides↗
PubMed2002

[Placebo-controlled study of short-term hypotensive effect of intranasal ventilation with continuous positive pressure upper respiratory tract therapy in patients with stage I arterial hypertension].

AIM: To compare a short-term hypotensive effect of intranasal ventilation with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP-therapy) in patients with arterial hypertension stage I and placebo-control patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The CPAP-therapy and placebo-control groups consisted of 12 young men with arterial hypertension (AH) stage I. They were matched by age, body mass index, smoking habits, arterial pressure 24-h monitoring (APM) and night cardiorespiratory monitoring. Patients of the treatment group received CPAP-therapy (REMstar Choice, Respironics, USA) followed by repeated APM. Patients of the placebo group used a nasal mask without turning on the apparatus. Then a repeated APM was performed. RESULTS: As shown by improved APM data, CPAP-therapy was effective in AH stage I. Positive response was the greatest for systolic and diastolic hypertensive load. CONCLUSION: The above results may serve as an argument in support of a positive relation between elevated resistance of the upper respiratory airways in sleep and systemic AH.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Low titre autoantibodies against recoverin in sera of patients with small cell lung cancer but without a loss of vision.

To date, many authors have described the presence of autoantibodies against various neuronal proteins, paraneoplastic antigens (PNA), in a serum of patients with different kinds of malignant tumors located outside the nervous system. These autoantibodies may cross-react with the corresponding PNA or their epitopes present in neurons and thus initiate the development of a variety of neurological disorders, paraneoplastic syndromes (PNS), even though the primary tumor and its metastases have not invaded the nervous system. Cancer-associated retinopathy (CAR) is a rare ocular PNS induced by autoantibodies against several retinal antigens, one of which is a photoreceptor calcium-binding protein, recoverin. Only several CAR patients with a few kinds of cancer (endothelial carcinoma, breast cancer, epithelial ovarian carcinoma) have so far been found to contain autoantibodies against recoverin in their sera. As for lung cancer, the majority of CAR cases mediated by anti-recoverin autoantibodies have been revealed in patients with the most malignant lung cancer, small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC), and only one similar case has been described for a patient with non-small lung carcinoma. The common feature of all these anti-recoverin-positive patients, irrespective of the type of cancer, is the presence of both the CAR syndrome and high titres (as a rule, more than 1:1000) of the underlying autoantibodies in their serum. In this study, we have used recombinant myristoylated recoverin to screen serum samples of 50 patients with SCLC by Western blot and revealed 5 individuals with low titres of anti-recoverin antibodies, who have no manifestation of a loss of vision. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the presence of low titre autoantibodies against recoverin in a serum of patients with cancer, but without visual dysfunction.

Autoantibodies↗
PubMed2001

Therapeutic equivalence of the Sofotec Novolizer to established standard devices in COPD and asthma.

The Novolizer is a breath-actuated multidose dry powder inhaler that was developed as an alternative to the pressurized metered dose inhalers. The efficacy, safety and tolerability of the Novolizer has been compared with those of established inhalational devices for the delivery of salbutamol (Sultanol) in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and for the administration of budesonide (Pulmicort Turbuhaler) to patients with asthma. In both studies, improvement in forced expiratory volume in 1 s in patients who were randomly assigned to use the Novolizer was comparable with that in patients who used the established devices. Furthermore, no differences in tolerability or safety between the Novolizer and the control devices were observed. Finally, patient acceptance of the Novolizer was high, with the majority of patients who used it stating that they would use the device again.

Albuterol↗
PubMed2001

[Chronic obstructive lung diseases in patients with ischemic heart disease: a 15-year study].

AIM: To characterize acquired chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD) in patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Monitoring of external respiration function (ERF) was performed for 15 years in 1552 IHD patients on combined drug treatment. RESULTS: The 15-year follow-up has revealed that IHD patients treated with beta-blockers develop pathological changes in respiration pattern manifesting primarily with dyspnea, obstructive and mixed ventilatory disorders, syndrome of early expiratory obstruction in affected small airways due to subnormal lung elasticity, defective diffuse function, signs of terminal respiratory failure. CONCLUSION: IHD patients taking drugs need monitoring of ERF. Optimal treatment consists in early diagnosis of IHD and COPD, adequate combined therapy with beta-blockers and bronchodilating drugs.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗