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Biomedical subjects

A Funahashi

Publications and source records attributed to A Funahashi.

53 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

Diagnostic value of bronchial aspirate and postbronchoscopic sputum in fiberoptic bronchoscopy.

The contribution of the bronchial aspirate and postbronchoscopic sputum toward the establishment of a correct diagnosis of bronchogenic carcinoma was evaluated. A total of 273 patients underwent diagnostic bronchoscopic procedures during a 27-month period. One hundred four of these 273 patients were eventually found to have bronchogenic carcinoma. The combination of biopsies by forceps and brushings yielded the diagnosis in 61 (97 percent) of 63 endoscopically visible tumors. Neither bronchial aspirates nor postbronchoscopic specimens of sputum produced an additional diagnosis. The same combination yielded a diagnosis in 17 (41 percent) of 41 endoscopically nonvisible tumors. In these endoscopically nonvisible tumors, unlike tumors, a combination of bronchial aspirates and postbronchoscopic specimens of sputum produced a total of eight additional diagnosis. Thus, the overall diagnosis of endoscopically nonvisible tumors was improved from 41 percent (17/41) to 61 percent (25/41). Both bronchial aspirates and postbronchoscopic specimens of sputum were therefore important sources of diagnosis in endoscopically nonvisible tumors.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1979

Intrathoracic lipomas. Report of three cases and review of the literature with emphasis on endobronchial lipoma.

Intrathoracic lipomas are rare, benign neoplasms of unknown origin, with symptoms depending primarily on their location and size. They frequently represent on incidental roentgenographic finding and are clinically significant in that they may simulate malignant tumors and, when located endobronchially, may cause irreparable lung damage. Three cases of intrathoracic neoplasms are reported herein, and the English literature on the subject reviewed. In some cases, bronchoscopic examination may yield the diagnosis of endobronchial lipoma but, in general, thoracotomy is required for diagnosis. A more complete classification is suggested and the preferred mode of treatment is discussed.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1977

Energy dispersive x-ray analysis in the study of pneumoconiosis.

Identification of inorganic substances in the lung is an important step towards the establishment of a cause and effect relationship in the study of pneumoconiosis. The conventional methods for this identification usually require an ashing which makes it difficult to study the localisation of these substances in relation to pathology. A method is described to identify foreign substances in the tissue obtained either on biopsy or autopsy without destroying them. The technique employs scanning electron microscopy together with energy dispersive x-ray analysis. This method not only allows simultaneous multi-elemental analysis of over 80 elements, but also permits detailed morphological examination while the tissue is being analysed.

Humans↗
PubMed1976

Metabolic changes in exercise-induced and methacholine-induced bronchoconstriction.

Metabolic and physiological responses to graded exercise and methacholine challenge were investigated in asthmatics with or without exercise-induced bronchoconstriction. The results showed that after methacholine challenge, free fatty acid levels increased only in patients with exercise-induced asthma, while they increased in both groups of asthmatics after treadmill exercise. No significant changes were noted in plasma lactic acid levels, ventilation, or oxygen consumption among the groups studied. These data suggest that asthmatics with exercise-induced bronchoconstriction may differ from other asthmatics in some of their metabolic responses.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Hypoxaemia and cirrhosis of the liver.

In order to determine the frequency of hypoxaemia and to evaluate the role of increased closing capacity in producing hypoxaemia in patients with cirrhosis of the liver, 13 patients with well-established cirrhosis were studied. Arterial blood gases, spirometry, lung volume, and closing capacity measurements were made with the patients in the seated and recumbent positions after exclusion of cardiopulmonary dysfunction. Four of 13 and six of 12 patients exhibited significant hypoxaemia in the seated and recumbent positions respectively. Five of 13 patients showed a closing capacity greater than predicted. This frequency of increased closing capacity was not higher than in a group of smokers of the same age. Unlike Ruff et al. (1971), we did not find a consistent relationship between hypoxaemia and closing capacity.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

A study of a new bronchodilator: carbuterol.

A new oral bronchodilator, carbuterol, was studied in 9 subjects who had reversible airway obstruction. In addition to the spirometric changes, serial arterial blood gas determinations were done to see if the drug induced hypoxemia. Two- and 4-mg doses were compared with the placebo. There was a significant bronchodilating effect with the 4-mg dose beginning 30 min after administration of the drug. Maximal improvement of forced expiratory volume in 1 sec was observed at 4 hours, with a 42 per cent increase from the baseline. No significant hypoxemia was observed. The drug was considered an effective bronchodilating agent, with the effect lasting longer than 4 hours.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

A diffuse form of pulmonary silicosis in foundry workers.

Pulmonary silicosis usually is characterized by typical hyalinized, concentric nodules as seen under the microscope and in the corresponding roentgenogram. In the case of three foundry workers, lung biopsy specimens contained no nodules. The chest roentgenograms were not suggestive of silicosis. Examination of the biopsy tissue by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive x-ray analysis (EDXA) revealed significant (P less than .05) amounts of silicon in the thickened fibrous tissues of septa, pleura, and around blood vessels, enough to permit the diagnosis of silicosis. All three patients had severe functional impairment. It is not clear at this time what factors were responsible for a diffuse distribution of silicon in these cases.

Humans↗
PubMed1975

Identification of foreign material in lung by energy dispersive x-ray analysis. A new approach to silicosis.

Conventional methods for the detection of foreign material in the lungs are not only difficult but make it impossible to study any relationship between the material and the surrounding tissue. The present study employs energy dispersive x-ray analysis and scanning electron microscopy as the basis of a rapid and accurate method for determining the amount of silicon in the lungs of normal subjects and subjects with silicosis. A statistical evaluation of the data suggests that a silicon/sulfur ratio below 0.2 may be considered normal, whereas, a ratio above 0.3 may be considered to indicate silicosis.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed1975

Ability of single-breath nitrogen closing volume to detect early airway obstruction.

In order to determine the ability of single-breath nitrogen closing volume (CV) to detect early airway obstruction, the CV was measured in patients with either minimal obstruction of spirometry or with increased residual volume (RV). A total of 39 subjects was included in this study. The mean CV was largest in patients who had reduced maximum mid-expiratory flow rates (MMF). There was no difference in mean CV between smokers and the patients who had large RV but no airway obstruction, although both groups had higher mean CV than ex-smokers. Normal CV was seen in four of 11 patients who had reduced MMF and in four of seven who had large RV but no airway obstruction. All ex-smokers had normal CV while five of 12 smokers had adnormal CV. The results indicate that the closing volume should be used to complement spirometry, rather than to replace it, for screening of early airway obstruction.

Adult↗