Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

A Friedman

Publications and source records attributed to A Friedman.

At least 343 records · Page 19Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

[Central side effects of long-term treatment of Parkinson disease with levodopa preparations].

198 patients with Parkinson's disease on long-term treatment with L-dopa were evaluated for the presence of dyskinesias and psychiatric side-effects of the treatment. Dyskinesias were present in 53% of the patients. In a majority of them they appeared already during the first 2 years of the treatment. Younger patients seemed more susceptible to develop dyskinesias. Hallucinations, confusion, or delusions were observed in 22.2% of the patients. Older patients seemed more susceptible to develop these side-effects of the treatment. It seems that parkinsonian patients with later and earlier onset of the disease have different type of neuronal lesion responsible for the central side-effects of L-dopa.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Drug-induced dyskinesia during the treatment of Parkinson disease--biochemical studies].

The concentrations of homovanillic acid and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid were determined in the cerebrospinal fluid in 17 patients with Parkinson's disease and 10 controls. The patients with Parkinson's disease were on long-term treatment with L-DOPA preparations. In 9 of them drug-induced dyskineses were observed. The HVA/5-HIAA ratio was determined in the cerebrospinal fluid separately in cases with dyskineses, in cases without dyskineses and in controls. It was found that this ratio was significantly higher in patients with drug-induced dyskineses as compared to patients without dyskineses, and especially to controls. It is suggested that this may mean that in cases of drug-induced dyskineses disturbances exist in the equilibrium between the dopaminergic and serotoninergic systems in favour of the former, which may be one of the causes of involuntary movements.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A controlled trial of intrauterine insemination for cervical factor and male factor: a preliminary report.

In a prospective, randomized, controlled trial, we evaluated the efficacy of intrauterine insemination (IUI) in 54 couples with cervical factor (CF) infertility and in 19 couples with male factor (MF) infertility. The diagnoses were confirmed by strict criteria and all other etiologies of infertility were ruled out prior to entry. Patients served as their own controls with alternating cycles of washed sperm IUI and whole-ejaculate intracervical insemination (ICI). In 113 paired cycles (mean 2.1 pairs/patient; range 1-7 paired cycles), 13% (n = 7) of CF patients became pregnant by IUI, 7% (n = 4) by ICI, and 6% (n = 3) by intercourse after missing inseminations. Seventy-one percent of IUI pregnancies occurred in the first 2 months. In 45 paired cycles for MF patients (mean 2.4 pairs/patient; range 1-6 paired cycles), two patients conceived, both in the first IUI cycle. These data suggest that pregnancies resulting from IUI occur during early treatment cycles.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Somatosensory potentials in hemiparkinsonism].

For a trial of explaining of the occurrence of sensory symptoms in Parkinson's disease evoked somatosensory potentials were studied in 10 patients with hemiparkinsonism and paraesthesiae on the side of the parkinsonian signs. Somatosensory evoked potentials were compared after stimulation of the median nerve on the side of parkinsonian signs with those obtained after stimulation of this nerve on the asymptomatic side. No statistically significant differences were found in the latency of various components of the evoked potentials between both sides of the body. Only slight differences were observed in the morphology of the evoked potentials which were difficult for statistical interpretation.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[EEG in children with spinal muscular atrophy].

EEG curves were evaluated in 40 children with spinal muscular atrophy. The compared group comprised 81 boys with Duchenne's dystrophy in the same age group. In the children with muscular spinal atrophy the EEG was considered abnormal for age in 42% of cases. The type of EEG changes might suggest bioelectric immaturity. In Duchenne's dystrophy the proportion of children with abnormal EEG records was 70%, and the changes were mostly focal.

Action Potentials↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Isaacs-Mertens syndrome: continuous activity of motor units].

The syndrome of Isaacs-Mertens is a rare neuromuscular disease in which the motor unit is continuously active. The diagnosis is based on electrophysiological methods and pharmacological tests. The involvement of laryngeal muscles observed in the reported female patient has been as yet rarely described in this syndrome. In the treatment long-term administration of carbamazepine 600 mg daily gave a considerable clinical improvement. The pathological mechanism of the syndrome is discussed in the light of the performed examinations and a review of the pertinent literature.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Dyskinesia as a complication of the treatment of Parkinson disease with L-dopa--clinical observations].

The incidence of drug-induced dyskineses was evaluated in a group of 131 patients with Parkinson's disease on long-term treatment with L-DOPA preparations and the relationships were sought for between this incidence, and age of the patient at the onset of the disease and duration of treatment. Drug-induced dyskineses were observed in 79 (60%) patients. It was observed that their incidence was greater in patients with disease onset at a younger age. The mean age of disease onset in cases with dyskinesis development was nearly 10 years lower than the mean age of disease onset in those who had no dyskineses. In most cases of dyskinesis it developed already in the first year of treatment.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Pathomechanism of dyskinesia associated with treatment of Parkinson disease with levodopa].

The 5-HIAA/HVA ratio was determined in the cerebrospinal fluid in 5 patients with Parkinson's disease with L-DOPA preparations in which drug-induced dyskineses developed, in 5 patients treated with L-DOPA without dyskineses, and 10 controls. A decrease in the 5-HIAA/HVA ratio was observed in the group with dyskineses as compared with patients without dyskineses and in controls. The directions of further investigations on hte pathomechanism of drug-induced dyskineses are discussed.

Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Preliminary assessment of the effectiveness of L-dopa with prolonged action (Medidopa retard) as compared to conventional L-dopa preparation].

The therapeutic effectiveness of a L-DOPA preparation of sustained action was established in 9 patients with parkinsonism on the basis of a neurological parkinsonism scale and Northwestern University Disability Scale. The investigations were carried out by the method of cross test with conventional L-DOPA preparation (Larodopa). In these investigations no higher effectiveness of the retard form was shown. Side effects during administration of the retard form were more frequent and more intense than during administration of the conventional drug.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

In vivo quantitation of regional cerebral blood flow in glioma and cerebral infarction: validation of the HIPDm-SPECT method.

Iodine-123 labeled hydroxyiodopropyldiamine (HIPDm) is a diffusible indicator with an 85%-90% extraction fraction and stable retention in the brain for more than 2 hr. Equilibrium-phase imaging and quantitation using single-photon emission computed tomographic (SPECT) scanning defined a distribution of HIPDm in proportion to regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF). Studies in calves affirmed a close correspondence (r = 0.97) in calculated rCBF between HIPDm and microspheres using the tissue deposition-arterial input function microsphere methodology. Using this same mathematical analysis in vivo, reproducible rCBF data within the expected range of normal were obtained on repeated studies in the same nonhuman primate. With a diffuse encephalopathy secondary to subarachnoid blood, a bilaterally symmetric decrease in rCBF was present. A prominent focal decrease in HIPDm accumulation and calculated rCBF was noted with cerebral infarction in the distribution of a ligated middle cerebral artery. Patient studies with glioma revealed diminished HIPDm accumulation due to decreased flow and/or pH in the region of the neoplasm as well as in the associated vasogenic edema and overlying gray matter.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Anatomic applications of xenon-enhanced CT scanning: visual image analysis and brain-blood partition coefficient studies in man.

The inhalation of nonradioactive xenon, an inert gas that diffuses freely across the blood-brain barrier, resulted in brain enhancement which was quantitated and visualized by computed tomography (CT). Serial CT scans obtained during the buildup and equilibrium phase of xenon inhalation were used in a numerical and visual analysis of xenon accumulation in multiple selected gray- and white-matter regions in 12 patients. The calculated brain-blood partition coefficient (lambda) in normal gray matter was 0.92 +/- 0.11 and in normal white matter, 1.38 +/- 0.14. Asymmetries and delays in xenon enhancement were often visually apparent. The estimated partition coefficient was diminished more with cerebral infarction, intracerebral hematoma, and vasogenic edema than with hypoxic encephalopathy or glioblastoma multiforme. An increase in the rate of xenon accumulation was apparent by visual inspection of the motor cortex contralateral to complex hand movements. Technical factors and potential difficulties in conducting xenon-enhanced CT studies are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Involuntary movements as a complication of treatment of extrapyramidal disorders with L-dopa].

The frequency of dyskinesias connected with L-DOPA treatment of certain extrapyramidal system diseases was studied. Among 111 studied patients with Parkinson's disease drug-induced dyskinesias were observed in 56 cases (that is 50% of the treated patients) while in the group of other extrapyramidal system diseases (torsion dystonia, Hallervorden-Spatz disease, Huntington's chorea with increased muscular tonus) they were observed in only 8 cases (of 73 treated ones - about 11%). Two groups of patients with Parkinson's disease were isolated - differing in the susceptibility to dyskinesia development: those susceptible to dyskinesia which developed nearly immediately after starting treatment, and those non-susceptible, in whom dyskinesia appeared only after years of treatment. The pathomechanism of drug-induced dyskinesia development in these groups is discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Pizotifen (Sandomigran) used in the treatment of parkinsonian tremor (preliminary communication)].

On the basis of the concepts connecting parkinsonian tremor with reduced amount of serotonin in the striatum and in the light of the hypothesis of an agonistic action of pizotifen in relation to serotonin a trial was undertaken to reduce parkinsonian tremor in 12 patients administering Sandomigran in daily doses of 1.5 mg. A significant reduction of tremor was achieved in two-thirds of these patients. No side effects or increased intensity of other parkinsonian signs were observed.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Gasometric studies and lactic acid determinations in arterial blood and cerebrospinal fluid in brain infarction].

In 54 cases of brain infarction and 17 control cases the gasometric parameters and lactic acid level were determined in arterial blood and cerebrospinal fluid. Metabolic acidosis was demonstrated in the arterial blood and cerebrospinal fluid. Respiratory acidosis compensated partly metabolic acidosis. Changes in the cerebrospinal fluid were more frequent and more pronounced, especially in cases with fatal outcome. Deep disturbances of acid-base balance complicated with hypoxia may have prosnostic significance while moderate rise in lactic acid level is without this significance.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Pathogenetic treatment of various hereditary extrapyramidal disorders with new drugs].

The authors report the results of treatment of hereditary extrapyramidal diseases with new preparations acting upon neurotransmitter systems. Patients with torsion dystonia, Huntington's chorea, Parkinson's disease, hereditary tremor, myoclonic epilepsy were followed-up for several years.. The best results in akinetic-rigidity syndromes (Parkinson's disease, rigid froms of torsion dystonia, Hallevorden-Spatz disease) were obtained with L-DOPA (including Sinemet, Nacom, Madopar) and in many patients these preparations were given in combination with other drugs (cholinolytic agents, Midantan) which contributed to compensation of the disturbed equilibrium of neurotransmitter systems and reduction of side effects. For decreasing the side effects of L-DOPA (hyperkineses of dystonic type, chorea and myoclonia) preparations from the group of phenothiazine and diazepine were given. In many cases improvement was achieved by slover increase of L-DOPA doses. In the hyperkinetic syndromes (Huntington's chorea, idiopathic tremor, myoclonic epilepsy, hyperkinetic torsion dystonia) preparations of phenothiazine, butyrophenone and new drugs active on the GABAergic system (Baclophen, Lyoresal, Pantogam) and diazepine (Clonazepam) were used. The analysis of the results shows that disturbed equilibrium of central neurotransmitters plays and important role in the pathogenesis of hereditary extrapyramidal system diseases.

Antiparkinson Agents↗