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Biomedical subjects

A Freeman

Publications and source records attributed to A Freeman.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Genital findings in sexually abused, symptomatic and asymptomatic, girls.

Although evaluation of the vulva of sexually abused girls using magnification with a colposcope or pediatric otoscope has become increasingly popular, the incidence of various genital findings in sexually abused and asymptomatic children has not been reported. A prospective study was carried out in which 20 genital findings from three groups of girls (mean age 4.8 +/- 2.6 years) were analyzed. The three groups were (1) sexually abused girls (n = 119), (2) normal girls with no genital complaints (n = 127), and (3) girls with other genital complaints (n = 59). Group 1 was more likely than group 2 to have scars on the hymen or posterior forchette (9% v 1%, P = .002), increased friability of the posterior forchette (10% v 1%, P = .001), attenuated hymen (18% v 4%, P = .0003), and synechiae from the hymenal ring to the vagina (8% v 0%, P = .0009). Groups 1 and 3 were remarkably similar with the exception of erythema which was more common in group 3 (34% v 68%, P = .0001). Hymenal diameter was slightly greater in group 1 than 2 but not 3. Although genital findings distinguish some sexually abused girls from asymptomatic girls, many findings also occur in girls with other genital complaints, which suggests that many of these girls have also been molested or that vulvar inflammation may lead to some of these findings.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Intrathecal interferon in the treatment of multiple sclerosis. Patient follow-up.

Follow-up observations on patients with multiple sclerosis who were treated with human fibroblast interferon (interferon beta) administered intrathecally for six months revealed a persisting beneficial effect in terms of a reduction in exacerbation rates. At the time of our last report in 1982, ten interferon beta recipients had shown a reduction in their mean exacerbation rate from 1.8/yr before the study to 0.2/yr during the study while ten control patients with multiple sclerosis showed no change in their rates during the study (0.69/yr) compared with before it (0.68/yr). That report was based on observations made for means of 1.9 years in the recipients and 1.6 years in the controls. The recipient patients have now been followed up for 4.4 years (mean) and their exacerbation rates have continued to decrease to a current mean level of 0.16/yr. The control patients were "crossed over" and began receiving interferon beta intrathecally after they had been in the study for two years without showing any change in their rate. During the 2.0 years since crossover they also have shown a reduction in exacerbation rate to a mean of 0.30/yr. The toxic side effects of interferon beta administered intrathecally were acceptable in view of the benefit achieved. Interferon was identified in the cerebrospinal fluid (but not the serum) of two patients prior to treatment, which is probably a manifestation of de novo production of interferon by the central nervous system in response to the multiple sclerosis disease process.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Newly developed microcarrier culturing systems--an overview.

Microcarrier (MC) culturing systems are widely employed for the production of biological products required for human and veterinary uses and serve as a tool for basic research in cell biology. Three types of MCs were developed by our group: cellulose, polyacrylamide and polystyrene based MCs. These newly developed MCs were used for the propagation of primary cells, cells from a human diploid cell strain and cells from established cell lines, for the production of biological products (various viruses, mouse interferon and carcinoembryonic antigen) as well as for studying cell differentiation. Basic questions regarding the effect of the chemical nature of MCs on cell attachment, spreading and growth were investigated throughout the development of these MCs.

Acrylic Resins↗
PubMed1984

The relationship between fetal heart rate accelerations, fetal movements, and uterine contractions.

The association between fetal heart rate (FHR) accelerations and fetal movements during uterine contractions was studied in 52 pregnant women near term or at the beginning of labor. FHR and uterine contractions were recorded by tococardiograph. At the same time, fetal movements, whether associated or not with contractions, were viewed by real-time ultrasound. During uterine contractions, 95.5% of the FHR accelerations were associated with fetal movements. Also, 90.9% of the accelerations which appeared when the uterus was not contracting were associated with fetal movements. Fetal movements were not seen in 91% of uterine contractions which were not associated with FHR accelerations. The suggestion is made that uterine contractions stimulate both fetal movements and FHR accelerations.

Female↗
PubMed1984

Monooxygenase activity of rat liver microsomes immobilized by entrapment in a crosslinked prepolymerized polyacrylamide hydrazide.

Rat liver microsomes were immobilized by entrapment in a chemically crosslinked synthetic gel obtained by crosslinking prepolymerized polyacrylamide-hydrazide with glyoxal. Approximately 88% of the microsomal fraction was entrapped in the gel. The specific rate of O-demethylation of p-nitroanisole was used to assay the microsomal cytochrome P-450 activity of the immobilized microsomal preparations. The gel entrapped microsomes showed monooxygenase activity at 37 degrees C of Vmax = 2.3 nmol p-nitrophenol/min per nmol cytochrome P-450, similar to that of microsomes in suspension. The Km value for the p-nitroanisole-immobilized microsomal cytochrome P-450 system (1.2 X 10(-5) M) was rather close to that of microsomes in suspension (0.8 X 10(-5) M). Under the experimental conditions used the pH activity curve of the immobilized preparation was shifted towards more alkaline values by approx. 0.5 pH unit in comparison with microsomes in suspension. The rate of cytochrome c reduction by the immobilized microsomal system (11.7 nmol/min per mg protein) at 25 degrees C was considerably lower than that of the control (microsomes in suspension, 78 nmol/min per mg protein). Enzyme activity in both preparations showed the same temperature dependence at the temperature range of 10 to 37 degrees C. The immobilized microsomal monooxygenase system could be operated continuously for several hours at 37 degrees C provided that adequate amounts of an NADPH-generating system were added periodically. Under similar conditions a control microsomal suspension lost its enzymic activity within 90 min.

Acrylic Resins↗
PubMed1984

Demographic and clinical data associated with acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis in a dental school population (ANUG-demographic and clinical data).

This study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of demographic and clinical factors of patients diagnosed as having ANUG as determined by the presence of painful, bleeding, necrotic and ulcerated interproximal gingival papillae. Results showed that ANUG patients were evenly divided between males and females relative to the general clinic population. 58% of the patients with ANUG were under 25 years of age as compared to 31% under 25 in the general clinic population. Overall, the ANUG group accounted for 1.4% of the under 34 age group in the general clinic population. 76% of the ANUG group had a high school education or less with 67% having less than $5,000 annual income. Only 20% presented with elevated temperature. Only 6% of the patients with ANUG were non-smokers as compared to 63% in a matched control group. Of great significance was the fact that only 1 patient with ANUG was black as compared to a 41% black population in the clinic population.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

CT abnormalities and altered methotrexate clearance in children with CNS leukemia.

Seventeen children with CNS leukemia treated with chemotherapy and 5 children treated with both cranial radiation (CRT) and chemotherapy were evaluated. Eighty-eight percent of patients treated with chemotherapy alone had CT abnormalities, and all treated with CRT and chemotherapy had abnormal CT. The severity of CT abnormality paralleled intraventricular methotrexate levels and clinical signs of leukoencephalopathy. Children who receive chemotherapy for CNS leukemia, even without cranial irradiation, are more likely to have leukoencephalopathy than children without CNS leukemia. Moreover, patients with CNS leukemia may have abnormalities of CSF clearance of intraventricularly administered drugs.

Central Nervous System Diseases↗
PubMed1983

Teaching psychiatry to non-psychiatrists: I. The application of educational methodology.

It is becoming increasingly clear that psychiatric and psychosocial needs of medical patients are not being adequately met. This need has led to an increasing emphasis on the psychiatric education of nonpsychiatrists, at varying levels of experience. Given the many problems involved in these educational efforts as well as the paucity of evaluation studies and the uncertainty of results, the authors argue that the systematic application of empirically validated educational principles may lead to greatly improved effectiveness. In this first section of a two-part series, the authors review educational methodology as it relates to the development of training objectives, the selection of teaching procedures, and the use of evaluation techniques. Part two presents a detailed "model" curriculum for primary care residents, developed according to the principles of educational methodology.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1983

Leukocyte function in the etiology of acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis.

Patients with the diagnosis of acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (ANUG) and their controls, matched for age, sex, race and general plaque accumulation, donated blood for differential white blood cell counts and for assay of several leukocyte functions. The leukocyte function assays included polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) responsiveness to chemotaxis and phagocytosis, and lymphocyte responsiveness to stimulation by nonspecific mitogens. The differential leukocyte counts were within the normal range for all subjects tested, and there was no difference between ANUG patients and controls. The ANUG patients did, however, display significantly depressed PMN responsiveness in both chemotaxis and phagocytosis, compared to the controls. There was also reduced DNA synthesis by ANUG patients' lymphocytes upon stimulation by a nonspecific mitogen (Con A). The data presented in this report suggest that depression of some host defense mechanisms, particularly PMN chemotaxis and phagocytosis, may be important in the pathogenesis of ANUG.

Chemotaxis, Leukocyte↗
PubMed1983

High-dose cytoreductive therapy with autologous bone marrow transplantation in advanced malignancies.

Twenty-one patients with advanced malignancies received high-dose chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy followed by autologous bone marrow infusion. Eighteen patients (85.7%) had fever greater than or equal to 100 degrees F for a median of 6 days; 14 of these patients required broad-spectrum antibiotics for a median of 13 days. Nineteen patients (90.5%) had a granulocyte count less than 500/mm3 for a median of 11 days. Thrombocytopenia (platelet count less than 50,000/mm3) was observed in 18 patients (85.7%) for a median of 14 days. Mucositis and diarrhea were not common, occurring in six (28.6%) and seven (33.3%) patients, respectively. Of the 21 patients studied, 16 were evaluable for tumor response; there were four complete responses and four partial responses, and two patients who showed no change for variable times. Two patients have unmaintained remissions for greater than 2 years. Our response rate (complete plus partial) is 50%. Our study shows that high-dose cytoreductive therapy can be given with moderate toxicity when combined with autologous bone marrow infusion. Because responses in this group of patients are generally of short duration, we believe that patients with advanced malignancies who have had less exposure to therapy or who have a high likelihood of disease recurrence should be considered for high-dose cytoreductive therapy with autologous transplantation.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Mammalian cell propagation on derivatized polyacrylamide microcarriers.

A working system for studying the effects of factors involved in the chemical nature of microcarrier on cell attachment, spreading and growth, was established. The system is based on polyacrylamide beads, prepared by the emulsion polymerization technique. Sieved beads of desirable mean diameter were derivatized to generate controlled amounts of primary and tertiary amino groups. These microcarriers were used for propagation of vive different cell strains: BHK, MDCK, CEF, MRC-5 and FS. It was found that BHK cells attach and spread significantly faster on primary amino derivatized beads than those with tertiary amino groups, and at a lower degree of charging. As a result of introducing hydrophobicity to the side chain carrying the primary amino group, higher kinetic rates of BHK cell attachment were obtained. Optimal cell growth of all the tested cells was recorded for the butyl and the hexyl side chains. On the other hand the introduction of hydrophobicity into the polymeric backbone of the microcarrier led to lower cell yields. Primary amino derivatized MCs with an optimal degree of hydrophobicity city exhibit a higher cell yield of MDCK cells (with pronounced epithelial morphology), as compared to the tertiary amino derivatized MCs. CEF and FS cells (with pronounced fibroblast morphology) attained cell yields comparable to those obtained with the tertiary amino derivatized MCs. The diaminohexane derivatized polyacrylamide microcarriers seem to be a potential alternative for the commonly used tertiary amino derivatized micro-carriers.

Acrylic Resins↗