[Y nailing in the treatment of fractures with posterior displacement of the lower end of the radius].
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Bone Nails↗
Biomedical subjects
A Frank
Publications and source records attributed to A Frank.
Four questions. A discussion of "Introjection and the Idealizing Transference".
A discussion of "introjection and the Idealizing Transference" by Theodore L. Dorpat, M.D. The analysis of a patient with a narcissistic disorder is the basis for Dr. Dorpat's thesis that introjections (i.e., object representations) of the analyst as a real person are the basis for subsequent identifications resulting in changes in the self. I disagree with his characterization of the material as representing an idealizing transference. I believe it is better understood as an example of an alter ego or twinship transference. His material demonstrates the crucial role of the analyst as a self-object in the transference, rather than as a real person. The hypothesis that a patient changes as a result of identification with the analyst suggests possible countertransference pitfalls: a rationalized expression of the analyst's unconscious archaic fantasies or the enhancement of the analyst's self-esteem. The perception of such identifications could reflect the personal experience of the analysand who seeks to acquire the characteristics of the training analyst, or they could be apparent rather than real, the result of other therapeutic factors. Dr. Dorpat's paper provides an excellent opportunity for consideration of these issues, but, at present, such introjection-internalization sequences cannot be accepted as scientific formulations.
Countertransference↗
[Guidelines for the management of acute cerebrovascular disease in patients].
One of the challenges currently faced by Neurologists is to finish with the therapeutic nihilism that affects management of cerebrovascular disorders. It is possible to reduce damage resulting from stroke if adequate treatment is applied shortly after the beginning of symptoms, and within the 'therapeutic window'. This would mean that these disorders might be considered as treatable medical emergencies. The purpose of this report is to provide a guide for management of cerebrovascular disease, both ischemic and haemorrhagic, suggesting a diagnostic procedure, together with general and specific recommendations for the care of these patients, in order to avoid complications and improve outcome.
Acute Disease↗
[Stroke units: modality, structure, organization and utilization].
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Brain↗
[Myoclonic encephalopathy caused by lead intoxication].
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Aged↗
[Clinical trials in the Alzheimer's disease: evaluation of the therapeutic response].
The strategy, as regards the layout of any clinical study on Alzheimer's disease (AD) which aspires to an evaluation of the therapeutical efficiency of a drug, must take as its starting point a clear specification of the criteria of improvement and of how such criteria are to be quantified. The measuring instruments of therapeutical efficiency can be divided into two main groups: instruments for analysing the biological parameters of the illness and instruments which analyse functional efficiency. Between the latter, there are three types of basic tools: 1. Tests which allow psychopathological clinical changes to be evaluated, such as a complete neuropsychological examination, an analysis of the global clinical impression, and a cognitive mini-test; 2. Psychometric tests which allow certain parameters to be quantified, such as, for example, the IQ co-efficient; 3. Scales which, by means of information supplied by care experts or by family members, allow the ability to carry out normal daily tasks to be quantified. The selection of the most suitable test as an instrument with which the criteria of improvement may be established has given rise to controversy and none have been found which, on their own, can fully guarantee the necessary requirements of objectivity, reproduceability, validity and homogeneity. Within these limits, the most suitable are held to be those which explore psychopathological changes and the data provided by an informer, together with the global clinical impression. The high number of tests and batteries that have been proposed for the evaluation of the therapeutic response indicates their lack of real efficiency. We would like to see the setting up of an international committee for the standardisation and definitive validation of the measuring instruments for cognitive deterioration, and thus establish--with precision, unanimity and a general consensus--what might be considered to be the most suitable criteria of improvement when evaluating therapeutic efficiency in Alzheimer's disease.
Alzheimer Disease↗
Chronic copper toxicosis in sheep.
Some spontaneous cases of chronic copper toxicosis, that occurred in ewes of about 3--4 years of age during the period 1974--1976, were investigated. The diagnosis based on clinical and pathoanatomical alterations was substantiated further by demonstration of considerably elevated copper and iron content in the liver andkidneys of the affected sheep. Texel being a heavy breed seems to have suffered most possibily on account of having ingested relatively high amount of copper by way of consuming much more food at one time as compared to sheep of mixed breed. Besides breed predisposition and other possible contributing factors like stress, the possibility of increased use of commercial feed with supplementary copper and concentrates in sheep ration resulting in high risks of cummulative poisoning is discussed.
Animal Feed↗