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Biomedical subjects

A Fournier

Publications and source records attributed to A Fournier.

At least 505 records · Page 28Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Effect of thyrotoxicosis and its treatment on mineral and bone metabolism.

Mineral metabolism and bone histomorphometric status were evaluated in 31 hyperthyroid patients (HT) without clinical or radiological bone disease, both before and after treatment of hyperthyroidism. Blood and urine biochemical data were compared with those obtained in sex and age-matched controls. Iliac bone biopsies were available from 12 untreated HT and from 6 of them after treatment for analysis of trabecular bone. Mean plasma calcium was increased in HT but true hypercalcemia was seen in only one case and mean plasma immunoreactive parathormone (iPTH) was normal. Urine calcium excretion was markedly increased, especially in the fasting state. Biochemical parameters decreased after treatment, except for serum alkaline phosphatase and iPTH that, respectively, remained high and increased. Untreated state was characterized by an hyperremodelling state with enhanced activities of bone formation and bone resorption. Bone mineralization was normal. The mineral and bone changes were related to serum thyroid hormone levels. After treatment, the extent of formation surfaces still increased. The fact that, even though calcium metabolism abnormalities were corrected, active resorption surfaces did not change, suggests that trabecular osteoclastic resorption is not an important cause of mobilization of bone calcium to extracellular fluids in HT.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Comparative evaluation of bone aluminum content and bone histology in patients on chronic hemodialysis and hemofiltration.

In order to compare hemofiltration (HF) and hemodialysis (HD) in connection with the risk of aluminum overload and renal osteodystrophy, double bone biopsies after double tetracycline labeling and a desferrioxamine test were performed in 12 patients on HF and 15 patients on HD. The aluminum concentration was low (less than 0.6 mumol/l) both in the dialysate and the substitution fluid. The duration of treatment (about 2 years) and the cumulative doses of Al(OH)3 and CaCO3 were comparable in the two groups. None of the patients was taking 1 alpha-OH-D. The aluminum balance during an HF run ranged from -22 to +1.8 mumol/l, the balance being positive only when the plasma aluminum was less than 0.5 mumol/l. Basal plasma aluminum and its increase induced by desferrioxamine were comparable in the two groups. Bone aluminum content was also comparable, but was about 10 times higher than in 7 nonuremic controls. Bone aluminum content and plasma aluminum increase after desferrioxamine were correlated to the Al(OH)3 cumulative dose. None of the patients had florid osteomalacia with increased osteoid thickness, and only 1 in each group had traces of stainable aluminum. The mineralization front was decreased in 8 of 12 HF and in 9 of 14 HD patients, so that no difference was observed between the means of the two groups. The predominant histological bone picture of the patients was osteitis fibrosa which was present in 10 of 12 HF and in 13 of 15 HD patients. Mean osteoclast count and active resorption surface were comparable in the two groups, but was increased (5-10 times the mean of the controls).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[Radiologic and echographic aspect of the disease of Kawasaki: experience with 75 cases at the Hospital Sainte-Justine of Montreal].

Seventy-five patients with Kawasaki disease were studied in Hôpital Sainte-Justine between June 1979 and December 1984. Echography (abdominal and cardiac) proved to be a useful tool in the detection of the complications of this syndrome. Coronary aneurysms were present in 9% of our patients; two-dimensional echocardiography easily identified the proximal ones. In all patients, aortography allowed us to identify the extension of the lesions more distally. The left coronary artery was affected in all patients while in five both coronary arteries were involved. In all 75 patients chest radiographs were normal. Abdominal echography permitted diagnosis of a hydrocholecyst in three patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Renin-angiotension-aldosterone system, urinary prostaglandins and kallikrein in pregnancy-induced hypertension: evidence for a dysregulation of the renin-angiotensin-prostacyclin loop.

Plasma renin activity (PRA) and aldosterone concentrations were measured simultaneously with urinary excretion of kallikrein and of four prostaglandins (PGE2, PGF2 alpha, 6-keto-PGF1 alpha and TXB2) in 23 patients with pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH; 17 with permanent PIH (PH) and six with labile PIH (LH), i.e. patients whose hypertension was controlled only by home bed-rest) and in 16 normotensive pregnant women. Plasma renin activity was lower in PH than in controls or in LH. No difference between the three groups was observed for plasma aldosterone and urinary excretion of kallikrein and prostaglandins except that TXB2 was higher in LH than in PH. Thus patients with LH have a different biological profile from that of PH, since they have higher PRA and higher TXB2 excretion, an association that suggests a more pronounced ureteral compression by the gravid uterus in this group. Although no decreased synthesis of vasodilating prostaglandins was found in PH, a dysregulation of the renin-angiotensin-prostacyclin loop is suggested by a negative correlation between PRA and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha. An independent vasopressive substance which would stimulate PGI2 and suppress renin secretion is therefore postulated.

Female↗
PubMed1986

1 alpha(OH) vitamin D3 increases plasma aluminum in hemodialized patients taking AI(OH)3.

1 alpha(OH) vitamin D3 at the dose of 6 micrograms per week was given for 4 weeks to 16 stable patients on chronic hemodialysis with a low dialysate aluminum while taking a constant dose of Al(OH)3. A significant increase of their plasma aluminum was observed from 1.2 +/- .25 mumol/l before 1 alpha(OH)D3 to 1.7 +/- .35 during the second fortnight of 1 alpha(OH)D3 administration and this increase surprisingly was maintained at 1.71 +/- .3 up to 6 weeks after 1 alpha(OH)D3 discontinuation. Increases in plasma calcium and decreases in plasma PTH were observed during 1 alpha(OH)D3 administration and these changes were correlated to the changes in plasma aluminum. It is concluded that the increase in plasma aluminum observed with 1 alpha(OH)D3 and after its discontinuation is either due to body aluminum burden redistribution or to increased aluminum intestinal absorption whatever the mechanism is, this effect should lead to close monitoring of plasma aluminum in uremic patients taking 1 alpha OH vitamin D3.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

One-step immunoaffinity purification of active progesterone receptor. Further evidence in favor of the existence of a single steroid binding subunit.

A very high capacity immunoaffinity matrix for the purification of progesterone receptor was prepared by cross-linking a monoclonal antireceptor antibody to protein A-Sepharose through the Fc fragment. The monoclonal antibody was selected for its property of losing affinity for the receptor at pH 10.5, i.e., in conditions where the receptor remains stable for extensive periods of time. This made it possible to elute active receptor form the immunosorbent. From crude rabbit uterine cytosol the steroid-receptor complexes were purified in a single step. A 1-mL column (containing 7 mg of monoclonal antibody) bound 1600 pmol of steroid-receptor complexes of which 79.5% were eluted. The overall yield of purification was 49%. The specific activity of the purified steroid-receptor complexes was 6.71 +/- 0.79 nmol of bound steroid/mg of protein (mean +/- SE of four experiments). The purified receptor consisted of a mixture of 110 000- and 79 000-dalton forms. The latter appeared to be produced by proteolysis of the larger form during purification since immunoblot experiments showed that, at the start of purification, the 110 000-dalton form was present in overwhelming majority (80-95%) in the uterine cytosol and that the 79 000-dalton form only appeared during purification. This conclusion was also supported by the peptide analysis of both forms of receptor: the purified receptor was denatured and labeled with 125I; the 110 000- and 79 000-dalton forms were isolated by gel electrophoresis in denaturing conditions and electroelution and were then submitted to mild or extensive digestions by trypsin, chymotrypsin, and protease V8 from Staphylococcus aureus.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Characterization of human beta-interferon-binding sites on human cells.

Radioiodinated recombinant human beta-interferon (rHuIFN beta Ser), with almost full (greater than 90%) biological activity, was used to study the binding of human beta-interferon to Daudi cells. Specific binding was not observed with less biologically active (less than or equal to 10%) radioiodinated interferon. The bound radioiodinated interferon was shown to compete with human beta-interferon (HuIFN beta), rHuIFN beta Ser, human alpha-interferon (HuIFN alpha) and with human gamma-interferon (HuIFN gamma). Scatchard plot analyses suggest the presence of about 10,000 binding sites for HuIFN beta/Daudi cell. About 6,600 of these sites can be blocked by HuIFN alpha and 3,700 sites can be blocked by HuIFN gamma. The apparent Kd for HuIFN beta is 2.7 nM. The apparent Kd values for HuIFN alpha and HuIFN gamma are 3.7 and 1.1 nM, respectively. It was possible to demonstrate the cross-linking of HuIFN beta to two macromolecular components of Mr = 128,000 and 103,000. We propose the existence of at least two binding sites for HuIFN beta in Daudi cells, one site recognizing both HuIFN beta and HuIFN gamma, the other site recognizing both HuIFN beta and HuIFN alpha. Each site is capable of recognizing only HuIFN gamma or HuIFN alpha.

Binding, Competitive↗
PubMed1985

[Morpho-anatomic and functional sectorization of Schistosoma mansoni daughter sporocysts].

During the larval development of S. mansoni in the snail host, morpho-anatomic changes occur in the daughter sporocyst by a sectorization of this larval stage. Three sectors can be distinguished: an anterior zone with a well-differentiated birth pore; dilated zones containing the developing cercariae; constricted zones without cercarial embryo. The photonic and electronic microscopical study shows variations in the tegumental structure of these sectors. This evolution of the daughter sporocysts is discussed in relation with the dynamics of larval stages and the replication process of sporocysts.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Human beta:alpha but not gamma interferon binding site is a product of the chromosome 21 interferon action gene.

The binding of human interferons to their binding site(s) was measured by the amount of radioiodinated human beta interferon (HuIFNbeta) displaceable by unlabeled human beta, alpha, and gamma interferon (HuIFNbeta, alpha, and gamma). By this approach, HuIFNbeta and HuIFNalpha were found to interact with specific binding sites in cell membranes derived from human cells and mouse-human cell hybrids containing chromosome 21 as their only human chromosome. Specific binding was not observed with cell membranes derived from parental mouse cells or from mouse-human cell hybrids in subsequent generations that have lost human chromosome 21. Although the chromosome 21-positive mouse-human cell hybrids are sensitive to the antiviral effects of HuIFNbeta and HuIFNalpha, they are found to be insensitive to the antiviral effect of HuIFNgamma and to lack specific HuIFNgamma binding sites. These results suggest that the HuIFNbeta and HuIFNalpha but not HuIFNgamma binding sites are coded for by genes located on chromosome 21. The lack of a chromosome 21 gene dosage effect on the inducibility of the antiviral state by HuIFNgamma is consistent with this hypothesis.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Comparison of 1 alpha-OH-vitamin D3 and high doses of calcium carbonate for the control of hyperparathyroidism and hyperaluminemia in patients on maintenance dialysis.

27 patients on hemodialysis (dialysate aluminium less than 0.7 mumol/l for 2 years, and 2 mumol/l before) whose plasma Ca and PO4 were adequately controlled for already 6 months by high doses of CaCO3 alone (mean +/- SD: 9 +/- 5 g/day), were randomly divided into 2 groups, a control group (c group) which was kept on the same treatment, and a group in which CaCO3 was reduced to 3 g/day but in which plasma Ca was kept normal due to 1 alpha-OH-vitamin D3 administration (1 microgram/day at the beginning, 0.3 microgram/day after 6 months; 1 alpha group) whereas plasma phosphate was kept below 6.0 mg/dl because of Al(OH)3 (2.7-5 g/day). Initially, the 2 groups were comparable as regards the plasma concentrations of total and ionized Ca, phosphate, alkaline phosphatases, medium and C-terminal parathyroid hormone (PTH) and aluminium, but the control group had lower plasma 25-OH-vitamin D (25-OHD.) After 6 months, the same difference in plasma 25-OHD was found with comparable plasma concentrations of total and ionized calcium as well as of medium and C-terminal PTH (beta error 1%). However, plasma concentration of phosphate and the plasma Ca phosphate product, as well as the plasma aluminium were higher in the 1 alpha group whereas their PCO3H- was lower. Although the alkaline phosphatase values were not significantly different between the 2 groups, they increased only in the control group because of 1 patient who developed a vitamin-D-deficient osteomalacia (plasma 25-OHD 3 ng/ml), which was subsequently cured by physiological doses of 25-OHD3. The incidence of transient hypercalcemia (15 vs. 21 episodes) and worsening of soft tissue calcifications (3 in each group) was the same in the 2 groups.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Critical role of oxalate restriction in association with calcium restriction to decrease the probability of being a stone former: insufficient effect in idiopathic hypercalciuria.

The probability of being a stone former (PSF) was calculated in 3 groups of idiopathic calcium stone formers [with normocalciuria (NC), dietary hypercalciuria (DH) and idiopathic hypercalciuria (IH)] in 4 conditions: while on a free diet; on a calcium- and oxalate-restricted diet during 4 days; after an oxalate load, while on a 1.5-gram calcium diet, and after an oxalate load while on a calcium-restricted diet. Combined calcium and oxalate restriction significantly decreased PSF only in NC and DH whereas the decrease was not significant in IH because of a concomitant significant increase in oxalate excretion. Increase of PSF with the oxalate load was significantly greater during a calcium-restricted diet than during the 1.5-gram calcium diet in all groups of patients (4, 6 and 12 times greater in NC, DH and IH, respectively). These data show the critical role of oxalate restriction when calcium is restricted in order to decrease the PSF. This combined restriction is however not sufficient in idiopathic hypercalciuric patients to decrease their PSF.

Calcium↗