Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

A Fleischer

Publications and source records attributed to A Fleischer.

69 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Serial sonographic monitoring of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) and its sequelae in the preterm neonate.

This study documents changes in ventricular size and brain parenchyma that occurred in 41 preterm neonates that had intracranial hemorrhage, out of 136 preterm neonates that were serially examined. Serial real-time sonographic examinations disclosed a close relationship between the severity of ICH and the development of progressive ventricular dilatation. Eighty percent of preterm neonates with minor degrees of ICH [localized subependymal hemorrhage (SEH) or SEH with small intraventricular hemorrhage (SEH/IVH)] did not develop significant ventricular dilatation, whereas all of the neonates with IVH and/or intraparenchymal hemorrhage (IPH) developed moderate or severe ventricular dilatation. Spontaneous resolution of moderate and/or severe ventricular dilatation did occur by the end of the third week of life in approximately one third of neonates with ICH. The therapeutic implications of the findings are discussed.

Birth Weight↗
PubMed1982

The development of fetal acidosis in the presence of an abnormal fetal heart rate tracing. I. The average for gestational age fetus.

An abnormal fetal heart rate (FHR) tracing is a sensitive indicator of positivity that disease exists, but the intrinsic predictive value of such a tracing is disappointingly low because of the large number of false positive results. Abnormal FHR tracings, defined as those having a persistent quantitative score of 4 or less, were measured against time and outcome. A baseline fetal scalp blood sample was taken. Twenty fetuses were acidotic at the first blood sample. There were 121 study cases, all of which were greater than 37 weeks' gestational age. All fetuses were average for gestational age. Amniotic fluid was clear, internal FHR tracings were initially normal, and the first pH was normal. A relative acidosis-free interval could be demonstrated during the first 90 to 100 minutes. Following this time period rapid cumulative acidosis was seen, which varied according to the FHR pattern observed. The P50 acidosis values for various patterns were late decelerations, 115 minutes; variable decelerations, 145 minutes; and flat line tracings, 185 minutes.

Acidosis↗
PubMed1982

A proposed method for the determination of cerebral regional intermediary glucose metabolism in humans in vivo using specifically labeled 11C-glucose and positron emission transverse tomography (PETT). I. An animal model with 14C-glucose and rat brain autoradiography.

Based upon data obtained with our arterio-venous technique for the determination of cerebral metabolism in humans in vivo we have proposed a method for the determination of cerebral regional intermediary glucose metabolism in humans in vivo using specifically labeled 11C-glucose and positron emission transverse tomography (PETT). In it we would give the subject successive intravenous injections of [3,4-11C] glucose, [2,5-11C] glucose and [1-11C] glucose. There would be a 30 min period of continuous PETT measurements following each injection and a 2 hr interval after the first and second injections. The data would be used with suitable equations and algorithms to estimate for each specific region of the subject's brain the dynamics of the Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas (EMP) and the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) metabolic pathways and the incorporation of glucose carbons into lactate, and the extent of dilution of glucose carbons into lactate, and the extent of dilution of glucose carbons in traversing the TCA with their subsequent incorporation into other carbon pools of the brain (ie, glutamate, glutamine, GABA, alanine). Using 14C as a model for 11C and autoradiographs made with rat brain slices, we have produced an animal model to demonstrate the feasibility of our proposed method. The resulting autoradiographs have provided evidence of the validity of the predictions made from our arterio-venous data. The model was employed to show the selective reductions in the rates of incorporation of specific carbon atoms of glucose into regions of the rat brain and evidence of altered metabolic pathways following a single electroconvulsive shock (ECS) and after a series of nine ECS.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Early pregnancy-abortion model using sulprostone.

Sulprostone has been demonstrated to be effective as a parenteral abortifacient, but not as a vaginal suppository. A vaginal preparation was given to 19 women to determine its mechanism of action, and to confirm the principle of uterine conversion as a biological model for the induction of an early abortion. The drug was administered to women with confirmed pregnancies and amenorrhea and not exceeding 49 days. A 95% success rate was obtained with an incidence of drug related side effects of 20% as opposed to the general 80-90% figure of PGE2 and F2a. The hormone profile obtained revealed a parallel fall in hCG and estradiol, and progesterone. This study confirms the value of uterine conversion, a concept that describes the change in uterine reactivity following PG administration and determines the phase when uterine activity is no longer dependent on exogenous oxytocic medication.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed1982

Role of the cervix in the induction of labor.

A study on induction of labor was carried out to test the hypothesis that changing the cervix will enhance the effectiveness of induction of labor. Fifty pregnant women near term with Bishop scores of 4 or less were divided into 5 study groups, in which a 12-hour preparation phase procedure was carried out to produce cervical or myometrial changes. All women had continuous measurement of uterine activity by an extraovular catheter. The patients were divided into 1) control subjects, and into groups treated with 2) laminaria, 3) Foley catheter, 4) amniotomy, and 5) oxytocin infusion. These preparation techniques were used for 12 hours, after which rupture of membranes was carried out in all cases. Although all procedures significantly changed the cervix, none but oxytocin affected the induction-to-delivery interval. The authors concluded that when a study design rigidly controls for cervical Bishop score, timing of rupture of membranes, and oxytocin infusion rates, the cervical preparation alone will not enhance inducibility.

Amnion↗
PubMed1981

The predictability of labor outcome from a comparison of birth weight and x-ray pelvimetry.

The value of x-ray pelvimetry in labor has recently been questioned by many, although few morphometric data on the fetopelvic relationship have been presented. Fifty-one women who had dysfunctional labor, in whom both x-ray pelvimetry and oxytocin were used during clinical management, were studied. Twenty-seven were delivered by cesarean section, while 24 were delivered vaginally. Regression equations were developed for multiple pelvic indices versus birth weight. The analysis revealed no differences between the vaginal group and the cesarean section group. The design of this study suggests that the variables of pelvic measurements and birth weight do not provide a predictive tool for delivery outcome. The approximately 15% margin of dimensional differences between a successful outcome and a failed outcome is too small to be detected by current diagnostic methods.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Diagnostic imaging in pediatric emergencies.

Evaluation of pediatric emergencies by diagnostic imaging technics can involve both invasive and noninvasive procedures. Nuclear medicine, conventional radiography, ultrasound, computerized axial tomography, and xeroradiography are the major nonangiographic diagnostic technics available for patient evaluation. Appropriate decisions regarding choice of these imagining technics can be made only if the advantages and limitations of each are known. We will emphasize the use of computerized axial tomography, nuclear medicine, xeroradiography, and ultrsound in the evaluation of emergencies in the pediatric age group. Basic principles with specific reference to clinical disorders will be presented. Since the radiologist is the primary consultant with regard to diagnostic imaging, his knowledge of these modalities can greatly influence patient care and clinical results.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1976

Concentration of 3', 5' cyclic adenosine monophosphate in ventricular cerebrospinal fluid of patients with prolonged coma after head trauma or intracranial hemorrhage.

A previous study showed that cerebrospinal fluid from the lateral ventricle of patients without disturbance of sensorium or intracranial pressure contains 15 to 30 nm 3', 5' cyclic adenosine monophosphate. We measured the concentration of this cyclic nucleotide by radioimmunoassay in cerebrospinal fluid from the lateral ventricle of six patients with prolonged coma (20 days or longer) after head trauma (four), or spontaneous intracranial hemorrhage (two). Coma was graded IV to I in order of decreasing severity. Fluid was removed at intervals of six to 72 hours from a Rickham reservoir placed in the lateral ventricle. Concentration of the cyclic nucleotide (mean +/- S.E.M.) in coma of Grades IV, III, II and I was 2.1 +/- 0.3, 4.6 +/- 0.5, 6.3 +/- 1.4 and 12.5 +/- 2.4 nM respectively. After sensorium became normal, cAMP was 21.0 +/- 1.4 nM. Correlation between grade of coma and concentration was -0.89 (P less than 0.01). Thus, prolonged coma appears to be associated with a disturbance of cyclic AMP metabolism within the central nervous system.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Head injuries.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Self-administration of ethanol: towards the location of predisposing polygenes in quasi-congenic animal models.

Alcohol consumption by C57BL/6By background and BALB/cJ donor strains, and by two recently developed quasi-congenic QTL-introgression strains, which share about 96% of their genes with the background strain, was studied in a limited access paradigm. Alcohol and water were offered for 60 min per day using modified pipettes on a drinking cage. Increasing concentration of alcohol solutions, 3, 6, and 12%, were given for days 1-7, 8-14, and 15-22, respectively. Consumption of the 12% alcohol solution was highest in C57BL/6By (0.72 g/kg/h), lowest in BALB/cJ (0.14 g/kg/h). The B6.Cb4i5 beta 13 quasi-congenic strain, in spite of its genetic similarity to the C57BL/6By background strain, consumed significantly less alcohol (0.41 g/kg/h) than the background strain. The results suggest that polygenes that reduce alcohol consumption were introgressed from the BALB/cJ donor strain into the C57BL/6By background strain, and that the b4i5 series of the B6.C quasi-congenic QTL-introgression strains may be useful in mapping genes that influence alcohol-related behaviors. Locations of the introgressed candidate polygenes were tentatively identified by analyzing microsatellite maps of two of the quasi-congenic strains.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Monochorionic quadramniotic quadruplets: sonographic workup.

OBJECTIVE: We raise the issue of scanning multifetal pregnancies of higher order as early as possible. A rare case of monochorionic/quadramniotic pregnancy seeking multifetal pregnancy reduction and its clinical management is presented. METHODS: Transabdominal scanning at 16 weeks was performed correctly diagnosing the monochorionic quadruplet pregnancy. RESULTS: Suspecting vascular connections between the placentae, the fetal reduction was declined. The patient was delivered at 31 weeks. The 4 female neonates survived with slight ventilatory assistance. CONCLUSION: Multifetal pregnancies in general, but those of higher order in particular, have to be scanned as early as 8-10 weeks to correctly and easily assign their chorionicity and amnionicity. The case of a monochorionic/quadramniotic pregnancy and its clinical course are presented.

Adult↗