Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

A Ferrari

Publications and source records attributed to A Ferrari.

At least 361 records · Page 20Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

Circulatory reflexes from carotid and extracarotid baroreceptor areas in man.

The carotid sinus baroreceptor reflex was studied in 11 normotensive subjects, using a variable pressure neck chamber and correcting for imperfect pressure transmission to the carotid sinus. Decreased carotid baroreceptor stimulation caused a sustaineded rise in arterial pressure, and increased carotid baroreceptor stimulation caused a sustain fall. The responses were in linear relation to the stimulus, and, after reaching the steady state, greater for the reduced than for the increased baroreceptor stimulation. Thus the carotid sinus baroreceptor reflex of the normotensive man is an effective antihypotensive and antihypertensive feedback system, though the former function may have more sensitivity. The increased and decreased baroreceptor stimulation by the neck chamber also caused bradycardia and tachycardia which were modest in magnitude and often transient. In eight subjects the reflex changes in heart rate induced by the neck chamber were compared with those induced by altering transmural pressure not merely at the carotid sinus but throughout the arterial tree (injection of phenylephrine and trinitroglycerin). The slopes of these relations were 3 times as great in the latter circumstance. Thus the carotid baroreceptors play a lesser role in heart rate control than do extracarotid baroreceptors.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

G-cell counts in antral endoscopic biopsies by immunofluorescence.

Antral gastrin-producing cell (G-cells) were counted by an immunofluorescence technique in the antral biopsies obtained at endoscopy from 67 subjects; they included patients with duodenal ulcer, gastritis, and individuals with a normal gastric mucosa. The G-cell count was significantly lower (P less than 0.01) in patients with duodenal ulcer (142 G cells per mm2) in comparison to normal subjects (327 G cells per mm2). No statistically significant correlation was found between the G-cell number and any of the other parameters tested (pentagastrin test, basal serum gastrin and its response to a standard meal).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

[Serum gastrin in various diseases of the digestive system. Clinical experience].

Fasting and after meals serum gastrin levels were determined in healthy subjects and patients with different gastroenterological diseases (duodenal and gastric ulcer, hiatal hernia with gastroesophageal reflux, Billroth II gastric resection, atrophic gastritis, Zollinger-Ellison, Ménétrier, chronic calcifying pancreatitis, gastric carcinoma and lymphoma). The results pointed to the usefulness of evaluating both fasting levels and "gastrin curve" after meals as an expression of the rapidity of response of hormone-secreting gastric cells. Calculation of the I.G.O. (Integrated Gastrin Output) must also be carried out to provide a parameter from which the overall ability of G cells to secrete in response to feeding can be assessed.

Duodenal Ulcer↗
PubMed1976

[Colonoscopy in the long-term follow-up of surgical anastomoses of the large intestine].

On the bases of personal experience the importance of endoscopic examination of the colon in the follow-up of patients who have been subjected to resection of the large intestine is emphasized. Fibercoloscopy permits direct observation of "high" surgical anastomoses, which are inaccessible for examination with rigid rectosigmoidoscope, and thus opens the way to precise diagnosis and a correct therapeutic approach.

Colonic Diseases↗
PubMed1976

[Chronic alcoholic pancreatitis and blood gastrin].

On the basis of some experimental observations of hypergastrinemia in animals chronically intoxicated with ethanol, both fasting and after meals serum gastrin were determined in patients affected by chronic alcoholic pancreatitis. A significant increase in serum gastrin levels was observed in patients with chronic pancreatitis compared with controls, both in basal conditions and following food stimulation. The physiopathological hypotheses and possible aetiopathogenetic implications suggested by such gastrin behaviour are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

[Coloscopic characterization of polyposis of the large intestine. Macroscopic aspects and histological correlations].

On the basis of the usual macroscopic pathological descriptions, the possibility of characterizing endoscopically the various types of polypous proliferations in the large intestine is examined. The endoscopic parameters considered are described together with the histopathological findings incases of polyps observed over a period of 6 months. Comparison between presumed diagnosis formulated at coloscopic examination and final histological diagnosis shows a concordance of 80%. The usefulness of being able to give some indication regarding the type of nature of the polyps as early as endoscopy is stressed.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1976

[Polycentric studies of idiopathic ulcerous rectocolitis and Crohn's disease of the colon].

An attempt is made to synthesize the experience of leading Italian Endoscopy Centres that concern themselves with problems of the colon. On the basis of a simple questionnaire, the series of 8 Endoscopy Centres have been collected. These number 6012 coloscopic examinations, 465 cases of Idiopathic Ulcerative Colitis and 149 cases of Crohn's Disease of the colon.

Colitis, Ulcerative↗
PubMed1976

[Coloscopy in the diagnosis of inflammatory diseases of the large intestine].

The usefulness of coloscopy in the diagnosis of inflammatory disease of the large intestine is discussed. A nosological classification was obtained in 440/493 instances of inflammation noted in over 3000 coloscopies-on the basis of the clinical, radiological, endoscopic and histological findings. The endoscopic picture for each disease is described, with particular reference to the main features upon which correct differential diagnosis and classification depend. Coloscopy is virtually indispensable in obtaining a complete clinical study of inflammatory diseases of the colon.

Colonic Diseases↗
PubMed1976

Carotid baroreceptor reflex in normotensive and hypertensive subjects.

1. A graded decrease and increase in carotid baroreceptor activity (induced by a varying pressure in a neck chamber) caused a linearly related increase and decrease in arterial blood pressure. This occurred in both normotensive and hypertensive subjects. 2. Decrease of carotid baroreceptor activity caused a greater increase of blood pressure in normotensive than in hypertensive subjects. Increasing the activity caused changes of similar magnitude in the two groups. 3. Decrease of baroreceptor activity also caused an increase in heart rate although increasing the activity of the reflex had little effect on heart rate, particularly in normotensive subjects. Thus the carotid baroreceptor effect on blood pressure does not always reflect that on heart rate and inference of one reflex response from measurement of the other may be in error.

Blood Pressure↗
PubMed1976

Factors influencing the carotid baroreceptor response to pressure changes in a neck chamber.

1. Transmission of pneumatic pressure from a neck chamber to the region of the carotid sinus is imperfect and asymmetric (86% of positive pressure, 64% of negative pressure). This has to be taken into account in the correct analysis of the carotid baroreceptor reflex. 2. There is no evidence for a reduction in cerebral blood flow nor of carotid chemoreceptor stimulation in response to an increase in neck chamber pressure of about 45 mmHg. Thus it is likely that the pressor response to this manoeuvre is in fact due to reduction in carotid baroreceptor activity.

Carotid Sinus↗
PubMed1976

Alteration of drug metabolism in Gilbert's syndrome.

The pathophysiology of Gilbert's syndrome was studied by investigating the metabolism of the drug tolbutamide, which is metabolised by the liver but does not undergo glucuronidation. Using rat liver cell supernatant, tolbutamide was shown to bind to the hepatic cytoplasmic Y protein in a manner similar to other organic anions, but not to Z protein. In 31 patients with Gilbert's syndrome the plasma disappearance (plasma half-life, mean +/- SD: 628+/-84 min) and metabolic clearance (7-9+/-1-8 ml/min) were significantly (P less than 0-0005) altered compared with the 13 controls (mean half-life 393+/-26 and mean clearance 13-4+/-1-5). The eight patients with hyperbilirubinaemia due to haemolytic disease showed no difference from the normal control subjects. In three patients with Gilbert's syndrome the cumulative urinary excretion of tolbutamide metabolites, 24 hours after the administration of the drug, was 30% lower than in the controls. In the five patients with Gilbert's syndrome, phenobarbital administration (100 mg/day) produced a significant increase in clearance of the drug from 8-8+/-0-8 to 13-4+/-1-9 ml/min; this was paralleled by a fall in serum bilirubin concentration. The plasma half-life of tolbutamide was similar in Gunn rats and Wistar rats. The results suggest that the metabolic defect(s) of Gilbert's syndrome affects compounds other than bilirubin and that defective uptake is probably the major factor.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

The role of coloscopy in the differential diagnosis between idiopathic ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease of the colon.

The authors point out the striking significance of coloscopy in establishing a correct diagnosis of inflammatory diseases of the colon. In particular, the most valuable endoscopic features are indicated which may permit distinguishing between idiopathic ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease of the colon. Differentiation between these two diseases cannot always be achieved by means of available diagnostic procedures other than coloscopy. Moreover, the endoscopic findings enable an assessment to be made of the extent, stage, severity and course of either disease. The authors' experience encompass 2,478 coloscopy examinations: the observed cases of idiopathic ulcerative colitis are 182, those of Crohn's disease of the colon are 104.

Biopsy↗