The antimicrobial activity of a new fluoro-quinolone, lomefloxacin (NY-198, SC47111), was evaluated by standardized susceptibility testing methods at ten laboratories in Argentina. Lomefloxacin was found to be the most active drug against 1,316 recent clinical isolates compared directly to norfloxacin, co-trimoxazole, and gentamicin. Only 1.4% of Enterobacteriaceae were lomefloxacin-resistant (MIC greater than 4 micrograms/ml), and the lomefloxacin MIC90 for all staphylococci was 2 micrograms/ml, including methicillin-resistant isolates. Streptococci, enterococci, and some Pseudomonads (9% resistance) were less susceptible to lomefloxacin. Lomefloxacin was the most active against Neisseria gonorrhoeae strains compared to penicillin, cefuroxime, and spectinomycin. Among the tested Mycobacteria, only the nontuberculosis, slow growers had lomefloxacin MICs of greater than 4 micrograms/ml.

4-Quinolones↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Rapid differentiation of the 0:3 and 0:9 serovars of Yersinia enterocolitica by certain bacteriophages].

The sensitivity of some phenotypes of Yersinia to 7 phages isolated from lysogenic strains of Y. frederiksenii, Y. kristensenii and Y. intermedia was investigated. Among the strains involved in human pathology in Europe, Y. enterocolitica serovar O:3 was sensitive to 7 phages tested, while serovar O:9 was sensitive to all but one phage. Strains isolated from the environment, considered as non-pathogenic, were much less susceptible to the 7 phages. Based on these results, a new phage typing system which differentiates Y. enterocolitica O:3 and O:9 from the other Yersinia is proposed.

Bacteriophages↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Efficacy of phosphomycin in the control of Escherichia coli infection of broiler chickens.

Seventy-five 25-day-old broilers were divided into three groups: group I unmedicated and challenged with E. coli O78:K80; group F infected and treated with 150 ppm of phosphomycin in their drinking water, and group C acted as a control. Their weights, feed intake, clinical signs, macroscopic lesions, E. coli reisolation, and serum biochemistry were compared. Group F showed fewer symptoms and gross lesions than those from group I while the average daily gain, bodyweight, and feed intake were similar to the control group. E. coli was reisolated in 32 per cent of the livers and spleens from group I, compared with 4 per cent of liver and 8 per cent of spleens from group F. There was an increase in the levels of total protein and globulins in group I but not in group F. These results provide evidence of the therapeutic efficacy of phosphomycin in the control of an experimental E. coli infection in broiler chickens.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Optimizing albunex in the left ventricle: an analysis of the technical parameters of four ultrasound systems in canines and humans.

Albunex, an intravascular ultrasound contrast agent, has been used clinically to enhance echocardiographic images. The purpose of this study if (1) to determine whether varying the settings on commercially available ultrasound machines has an effect on left ventricular opacification after intravenously administered Albunex and if there is an effect on left ventricular opacification and (2) to determine the ideal settings for each ultrasound scanner. Six canine hearts were imaged with 1 ml injections of intravenously administered Albunex while varying the transducer frequency, preprocessing curves, postprocessing curves, and dynamic range on a variety of ultrasound units. Subsequently 50 human subjects underwent imaging with the various machines while the dynamic range and transducer frequencies were altered. All subjects received two or three intravenous injections of 10 ml Albunex. The opacification of the left ventricular cavitary images in both parts of the study were interpreted visually on a scale of 0 to 4 (0 = none, 1 = trace, 2 = moderate, 3 = dense, and 4 = ideal) by four observers. The maximum compression and transducer frequency of 3.5 MHz showed significant improvement of left ventricular opacification in both canines and humans. These studies have shown that (1) varying the ultrasound unit's parameters affects the quality of left ventricular imaging when Albunex is used to enhance the image, and (2) higher compression and a transducer frequency of 3.5 MHz tend to enhance Albunex images of canine and human hearts.

Albumins↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Hydrogen peroxide effects on Streptococcus thermophilus CNRZ368 cell viability.

Streptococcus thermophilus CNRZ368 is an anaerobic aerotolerant bacteria and its ability to survive under aerobic growth conditions raises the question of the existence of a putative defence system against oxidative stress. Thus, survival of CNRZ368 in the presence of increasing concentrations of hydrogen peroxide was studied. Moreover, the influence of the physiologic state of the cells, as well as that of a preexposition with sublethal doses of hydrogen peroxide, upon S. thermophilus CNRZ368 survival were determined. The results suggest that S. thermophilus displays a defence system against oxidative stress and that this system is inducible.

Hydrogen Peroxide↗

PubMedDate not supplied

TMP-SMZ in the treatment of brucellar meningitis.

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Anti-Infective Agents↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Lactose malabsorption and intolerance in Uruguayan population by breath hydrogen test (H2).

This study of 200 Uruguayans between 0 and 86 years old was designed to determine the prevalence of lactose malabsorption. Lactose intolerance is defined as a clinical syndrome of abdominal pain, diarrhea, flatulence, and bloating after the ingestion of a standard lactose tolerance test dose (2 g of lactose per kilogram of body weight or 50 g/m2 of body surface area, maximum 50 g in a 20% water solution). Lactose malabsorption refers to the state in which dietary lactose remains unhydrolyzed and subsequently unabsorbed from the gastrointestinal tract; symptoms may or may not result from lactose malabsorption. The technique of breath hydrogen (H2) was used after ingestion of 2 g/kg body weight to a maximum of 50 g in a 20% solution. There was no lactose malabsorption in children younger than 5 years old. The prevalence increases progressively after the age of 5, and in adolescence the percentage of malabsorption is similar to that in adults, who show 65% lactose malabsorption, with 25% asymptomatic and 40% intolerant. In 109 white adults, the prevalence of lactose malabsorption is 63%, with 24% asymptomatic and 39% intolerant. In 11 black adults, lactose malabsorption is 82%, with 27% asymptomatic and 55% intolerant. The difference between white and black adults is statistically significant (p less than 0.05). The H2 test is simple, reliable, noninvasive, and appropriate to study large populations.

Adolescent↗