Simplicity is always best.
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Dental Implantation, Endosseous↗
Biomedical subjects
A Fernandes
Publications and source records attributed to A Fernandes.
Subcutaneous emphysema and pneumothorax during laparoscopy for ectopic pregnancy removal.
We report a case of subcutaneous emphysema and pneumothorax during laparoscopic removal of ectopic pregnancy. Increases in airway pressures and end-tidal carbon dioxide, simultaneously with decrease of lung compliance, led quickly to diagnosis of pneumothorax. We recommend a careful monitoring of these variables during laparoscopic procedures. Carbon dioxide pneumothorax can occur even without pulmonary or pleural trauma.
Adult↗
Epidermal localization and protective effects of topically applied superoxide dismutase.
Data from the literature, as well as our previous work, indicate a protective effect of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in topical application against UV-induced cutaneous damage. In the present article we show that pre-treatment of the skin with SOD protects against PUVA-induced inflammatory reactions not only in murine, but also in human skin. Using fluorescently labelled Cu,Zn SOD, epifluorescence microscopy and digital image processing, we demonstrate that the FITC fluorescence localizes in the stratum corneum and upper granulosa, as well as in the epidermal cell layer surrounding the lumina of the hair follicles. These findings were similar for murine and human skin. Since autofluorescence was eliminated by a special filter, it can be ascertained that the fluorescence observed in the tissues was due to FITC-labelled SOD.
Administration, Cutaneous↗
Clastogenic activity in the plasma of scleroderma patients: a biomarker of oxidative stress.
BACKGROUND: Scleroderma patients exhibit increased chromosomal instability due to circulating clastogenic plasma factors (CF). Formation and action mechanisms of CF are mediated by superoxide. In addition, previous work detected inosine triphosphate (ITP) in the plasma of 2 patients, and the enzyme adenosine deaminase (ADA) was found to be increased. OBJECTIVE: To study correlations between CF, ITP and ADA levels, CF and disease activity, as well as other biomarkers of oxidative stress. METHODS: Clastogenic activity was evaluated by means of cytogenetic methods in 48 patients and 55 healthy subjects. ITP was detected by mass spectrometry and electrospray ionisation. ADA was measured with a colorimetric assay and malondialdehyde using the Yagi method. RESULTS: Clastogenic activity was significantly increased in patients' plasma compared to controls. In 10 patients CF, ITP and ADA were studied simultaneously. All three parameters were increased in the 7 patients of subgroups 2 (skin and esophagus involvement) and 3 (skin plus multiple organ involvement). ITP was not detected in 2 patients of subgroup 1 (skin involvement only) with low ADA and CF values. CONCLUSION: ITP, the deamination product of ATP, is one of the clastogenic and superoxide generating components of CF. The formation of this deamination product of ATP is probably related to the increase in ADA. CF are biomarkers of oxidative stress and can be used for evaluation of antioxidant treatments in scleroderma.
Adenosine Deaminase↗
Differentiation of new insulin-producing cells is induced by injury in adult pancreatic islets.
The ability of the adult pancreas to generate new insulin (beta) cells has been controversial because of difficulties in unequivocally identifying the precursor population. We recently determined that beta cells were generated during development from precursors that expressed the homeodomain-containing transcription factor pancreas duodenum homeobox gene-1 (PDX-1). To investigate whether PDX-1+ stem cells are present in adult pancreas, we examined two animal models of diabetes. One model was produced by injecting adult mice with streptozotocin (SZ), a toxin that produces hyperglycemia due to rapid and massive beta cell death. After SZ-mediated elimination of existing IN+/PDX-1+ cells, a population of somatostatin (SOM)+/PDX-1+ cells, a cell type thought to represent an embryonic islet precursor cell, appeared in islets. The appearance of SOM+/PDX-1+ cells was followed in time by the differentiation to SOM+/IN+/PDX-1+ cells. SOM+/PDX-1+ cells also appeared in islets of nonobese diabetic mice, a strain of mice in which beta cell destruction is immune-mediated. Our findings establish the existence of PDX-1+ beta cell precursors in the adult pancreas and indicate that their differentiation is induced by islet injury.
Animals↗
Fidelity of translesional synthesis past benzo[a]pyrene diol epoxide-2'-deoxyguanosine DNA adducts: marked effects of host cell, sequence context, and chirality.
We have used a site-specific approach to investigate the mutagenic potential of (+)- and (-)-trans-anti-benzo[a]pyrene diol epoxide (BPDE) DNA adducts. Oligodeoxyribonucleotides (5'TCCTCCTG1G2-CCTCTC), modified at the exocyclic amino groups of G1 or G2, were incorporated into a single-stranded shuttle vector and introduced into Escherichia coli or simian kidney (COS) cells. This experimental system permits translesional synthesis to proceed in the absence of DNA repair. The presence of (+)- or (-)-BPDE-N2-dG adducts strongly inhibited translesional synthesis in E. coli; induction of cellular SOS functions reduced this blocking effect. Vectors containing (+)-BPDE adducts at G1 or G2 generated mutation frequencies of 19% and 3%, respectively; these values were not altered significantly by induction of SOS functions. In COS cells, (+)-BPDE-modified vectors generated mutation frequencies of 13% at G1 and 45% at G2. In E. coli, the (-)-BPDE adduct generated mutation frequencies of < or = 2% at G1 and G2 and, in COS cells, 13% at G1 and 21% at G2. The predominant mutations in E. coli and COS cells were G-->T transversions targeted to the site of the lesion; however, when G2 was modified, a significant number of targeted G-->A and G-->C mutations were observed in COS cells. We conclude from this study that (+)-and (-)-BPDE-N2-dG adducts pair preferentially to dCMP and dAMP during translesional synthesis in a process that is strongly influenced by the stereochemistry of the adduct, by the bases flanking the lesion, and by host cell factors.
7,8-Dihydro-7,8-dihydroxybenzo(a)pyrene 9,10-oxide↗
[Autonomous hyperreflexia and labor].
Autonomic hyperreflexia is a serious complication for tetraplegic patients, especially during labour and delivery. The symptoms are piloerection, facial flushing, anxiety, headache, serious blood pressure crises and cerebrovascular accidents. A 30 year-old woman who was tetraplegic following a high cervical spinal cord lesion, showed signs of autonomic hyperreflexia. In early labour epidural analgesia was established and the vaginal delivery was successful without associated fluctuation of the blood pressure or other signs of autonomic hyperreflexia.
Adult↗
Diffuser contact lenses retard axial elongation in infant rhesus monkeys.
In each of five monkeys, one eye was fitted with a diffuser lens at birth. This lens allowed pattern vision, but also reduced contrast by about 1 log unit. In four out of five monkeys, the treated eyes were shorter and more hyperopic than the untreated fellow eyes. At 25 weeks of age, interocular differences (OD -- OS) of the experimental group were significantly greater than interocular differences of age-matched normal monkeys for both axial length (P < 0.05) and refractive error (P < 0.02). In addition, while the treated eyes were significantly different from normal eyes for both axial length measurements (P < 0.01) and refractive error (P < 0.01), there were no significant differences between the untreated fellow eyes and normal eyes. In primates less severe pattern deprivation appears to produce an effect on eye growth that is opposite to that of severe pattern deprivation (little or no pattern vision), which typically results in axial myopia.
Aging↗
Spectacles and young eyes.
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Accommodation, Ocular↗
Pseudophakia retards axial elongation in neonatal monkey eyes.
PURPOSE: To evaluate the affect of removing the crystalline lens and implanting an intraocular lens on the axial elongation of a neonatal eye. METHODS: Monocular lensectomy coupled with the implantation of a monofocal or multifocal intraocular lens was performed on 21 neonatal rhesus monkeys. Fellow eyes were randomized to part-time occlusion therapy or no treatment. Longitudinal axial elongation of the pseudophakic eyes was then compared to that of the fellow eyes, to the eyes of 19 monkeys made monocularly aphakic as neonates, and to the eyes of 39 normal monkeys. RESULTS: At 5 weeks of age, aphakic and pseudophakic eyes were significantly shorter than their fellow eyes (P < 0.01). After 1 year of follow-up, the mean axial lengths of the pseudophakic and aphakic eyes were 2.0 +/- 0.2 mm and 2.3 +/- 0.2 mm, respectively, shorter than their fellow eyes. This axial length difference persisted through a second year of follow-up. The difference between the mean axial lengths of the aphakic and pseudophakic eyes was not significant (P > 0.10). Part-time occlusion of the fellow eyes did not affect axial elongation. CONCLUSIONS: Removing the crystalline lens and implanting an intraocular lens in a neonatal monkey eye retards its axial elongation.
Animals↗
Implantology for general practitioners.
The following is a case report involving the use of implants designed for use by general dental practitioners. Implantology has advanced to the point that it can no longer be ignored by anyone. Most of us as general dentists avoid implantology, owing to the inherent complexity and cost current systems. Changes must be made to implant designs which will allow general dentists to accomplish all aspects of conservative implant treatment. The implants employed in this case permitted prosthetic treatment similar to that performed on endodontically treated teeth, an approach most general dentists understand.
Bicuspid↗
An alternative in implant prosthetic treatment.
Implant treatment is generally recognized as a very complex endeavour, requiring a great deal of expense and time. This however does not have to be the case. The following case involves the prosthetic treatment of a single implant utilizing composite material for crown fabrication, and resin cement retention, much like conventional treatment utilized when restoring endodontically treated teeth.
Adult↗
[The vertebro-thoracic syndrome].
The authors report a clinical case of outlet syndrome, the only one diagnosed in the outpatient clinic of the Plastic Surgery Department, Santa Maria Hospital, Lisbon, in the last 25 years. The principal etiologic factors, clinical aspects, diagnosis and treatment are reviewed.
Adult↗
[Percutaneous cholecystectomy. Alternative therapy for acute emphysematous cholecystitis].
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Acute Disease↗
Neonatal lensectomy and intraocular lens implantation: effects in rhesus monkeys.
PURPOSE: To compare the effects of a lensectomy with and without intraocular lens (IOL) implantation on a neonatal rhesus monkey eye. METHODS: A lensectomy and anterior vitrectomy was performed on 75 monkeys during the first 16 days of life; 21 of these monkeys also had an IOL implanted into the posterior chamber. The eyes were examined at regular intervals using biomicroscopy, applanation tonometry, and ophthalmoscopy. RESULTS: The pseudophakic monkeys were studied until they were 92.5 +/- 5.8 weeks of age and the aphakic monkeys until they were 80.4 +/- 5.7 weeks of age. Pupillary membranes (100% versus 55.5%; P < 0.01) and lens regeneration into the pupillary aperture (28.6% versus 5.6%; P = 0.02) occurred more often in the pseudophakic than the aphakic eyes. As a result, the pseudophakic eyes required more reoperations than the aphakic eyes to keep the visual axis clear (P < 0.01). There was not a significant difference in the incidence of ocular hypertension between the pseudophakic and aphakic eyes (9.5% versus 12.7%; P = 0.34). Pupillary capture of the IOL optic occurred in 52% and haptic breakage in 33% of the pseudophakic eyes. All of the eyes with broken haptics had a prominent Soemmerring's ring varying in maximum thickness from 0.6 to 2 mm. Nine of the haptics from the seven eyes with broken IOLs had eroded into the iris, two into the ciliary body, and one into the anterior chamber. CONCLUSIONS: Implanting an IOL into a neonatal monkey eye after a lensectomy and anterior vitrectomy increases the likelihood of a reoperation being necessary. Haptics frequently erode into the iris and ciliary body and may break because of stress placed on the optic-haptic junction by forward movement of the IOL.
Animals↗
[Lipid peroxidation, production of PGE2 and cellular mortality induced by UV in cultured human skin fibroblasts].
UV irradiation induces lipid peroxidation (LPO) and cell damage. The aim of the present work was the study of UVB radiation effects on cultured human skin fibroblasts, concerning LPO, prostaglandine E2 (PGE2) formation and cell viability. The cells were exposed to 50, 100, and 150 mJ/cm2 of UVB irradiation. Cellular TBARS and supernatant fluorescent substances were measured spectrofluorimetrically. PGE2 was measured using an immunoenzymatic method. Cell viability was evaluated by the MTT test. All determinations were done after a 2 h incubation period post-irradiation. TBARS were increased for all doses of irradiation (p < 0.001). Fluorescent substances differed from controls at 50 mJ/cm2 (p < 0.001). UVB at 100 and 150 mJ/cm2 decreased cellular viability (p < 0.001). An increase of PGE2 was observed with UVB at 150 mJ/cm2 (p < 0.001). These results confirm the occurrence of LPO and cytotoxicity after UV irradiation; on the other hand, this study showed the formation of PGE2 induced by UV light on cultured human skin fibroblasts. We propose a relationship between these phenomena.
Cell Death↗
Leukemia cutis in acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
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Adult↗
Cardiovascular and ventilatory responses to electrically induced cycling with complete epidural anaesthesia in humans.
Cardiovascular and ventilatory responses to electrically induced dynamic exercise were investigated in eight healthy young males with afferent neural influence from the legs blocked by epidural anaesthesia (25 ml 2% lidocaine) at L3-L4. This caused cutaneous sensory anaesthesia below T8-T9 and complete paralysis of the legs. Cycling was performed for 22.7 +/- 2.7 min (mean, SE) (fatigue) and oxygen uptake (VO2) increased to 1.90 +/- 0.13 1 min-1. Compared with voluntary exercise at the same VO2, increases in heart rate (HR) (135 +/- 7 vs. 130 +/- 9 beats min-1) and cardiac output (16.9 +/- 1.1 vs. 17.3 +/- 0.91 min-1) were similar, and ventilation (54 +/- 5 vs. 45 +/- 41 min-1) was higher (P < 0.05). In contrast, the rise in mean arterial blood pressure during voluntary exercise (93 +/- 4 (rest) to 119 +/- 4 mmHg (exercise)) was not manifest during electrically induced exercise with epidural anaesthesia [93 +/- 3 (rest) to 95 +/- 5 mmHg (exercise)]. As there is ample evidence for similar cardiovascular and ventilatory responses to electrically induced and voluntary exercise (Strange et al. 1993), the present results support the fact that the neural input from working muscle is crucial for the normal blood pressure response to exercise. Other haemodynamic and/or humoral mechanisms must operate in a decisive manner in the control of HR, CO and VE during dynamic exercise with large muscle groups.
Adult↗